La crítica del joven Lacan al paralelismo psicofísico en "De la Psicosis Paranoica en sus relaciones con la personalidad" / Young Lacan's criticism of the psychophysical parallelism in "De la psychose paranoïaque dans ses rapports avec la personnalité" / A crítica do jovem Lacan ao paralelismo psicofísico em "Da psicose paranoica em suas relações com a personalidade" / La critique du jeune Lacan concernant le parallélisme psychophysique dans «La psychose paranoïde dans ses relations avec la personnalité¼

En su tesis de 1932 titulada "De la psicosis paranoica en sus relaciones con la personalidad", Jacques Lacan emprende una crítica, esparcida en diversos lugares de la misma, al paralelismo psicofísico defendido por la tradición psiquiátrica. En este contexto y como clave para explicar tanto las psicosis paranoicas como la paranoia de autocastigo del caso Aimée, el joven psiquiatra expondrá una versión propia del paralelismo, apoyándose en dos autores: Jakob Von Uexküll y Baruch Spinoza. Intentaremos destacar este recorrido así como las consecuencias de un paralelismo propiamente lacaniano.

Em sua tese de 1932 intitulada "Da psicose paranoica em suas relações com a personalidade", Jacques Lacan empreende uma crítica, dispersa em vários lugares dela, ao paralelismo psicofísico defendido pela tradição psiquiátrica. Nesse contexto, e como chave para explicar tanto as psicoses paranoicas quanto a paranoia autopunitiva do caso Aimée, o jovem psiquiatra apresentará sua própria versão de paralelismo, baseada em dois autores: Jakob Von Uexküll e Baruch Spinoza. Procuraremos destacar essa jornada, bem como as consequências de um paralelismo propriamente lacaniano.

In his thesis of 1932 entitled "De la psychose paranoïaque dans ses rapports avec la personnalité" (Paranoid psychosis and its relation to the personality), Jacques Lacan criticizes, in a scattered manner throughout his work, the psychophysical parallelism supported by psychiatric tradition. In this context and as a key to explain both the paranoid psychoses and the self-punishing paranoia of Aimée's case, the young psychiatrist presents his own version of parallelism based on two authors: Jakob Von Uexküll and Baruch Spinoza. We aim to highlight this endeavor and the consequences of Lacan's own parallelism.

Dans sa thèse de 1932 intitulée « De la psychose paranoïaque dans ses rapports avec la personnalité ¼, Jacques Lacan critique, de façon éparpillée dans le texte de sa thèse, le parallélisme psychophysique soutenu par la tradition psychiatrique. Dans ce contexte et comme clé pour expliquer à la fois les psychoses paranoïaques et la paranoïa auto-punissant du cas Aimée, le jeune psychiatre présentera sa propre version du parallélisme, basée sur deux auteurs : Jakob Von Uexküll et Baruch Spinoza. Cet article met en évidence cette entreprise, ainsi que les conséquences d'un parallélisme proprement lacanien.

In seiner 1932 verfassten Doktorarbeit „Über die paranoische Psychose in ihren Beziehungen zur Persönlichkeit und Frühe Schriften über die Paranoia" kritisiert Jacques Lacan wiederholt den psychophysischen Parallelismus, der damals von der psychiatrischen Tradition vertreten wurde. In diesem Zusammenhang und als Schlüssel zur Erklärung sowohl der paranoiden Psychosen als auch der selbstbestrafenden Paranoia des Falles Aimée entwickelt der junge Psychiater eine eigene Version des Parallelismus, welche auf zwei Autoren basiert, Jakob von Uexküll und Baruch Spinoza. Dieser Artikel beschreibt diesen Entwicklungsprozess und die Konsequenzen des Lacanianischen Parallelismus.

Three-dimensional symmetry and parallelism of the skeletal and soft-tissue poria in patients with facial asymmetry / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the symmetry and parallelism of the skeletal and soft-tissue poria by three-dimensional (3D) computed tomographic (CT) imaging. METHODS: The locations of the bilateral skeletal and soft-tissue poria in 29 patients with facial asymmetry (asymmetric group) and 29 patients without facial asymmetry (symmetric group) were measured in 3D reconstructed models of CT images by using a 3D coordinate system. The mean intergroup differences in the anteroposterior and vertical angular deviations of the poria and their anteroposterior and vertical parallelism were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The symmetric and asymmetric groups showed significant anteroposterior angular differences in both the skeletal and the soft-tissue poria (p = 0.007 and 0.037, respectively; Mann-Whitney U-test). No significant differences in the anteroposterior and vertical parallelism of the poria were noted (p < or = 0.05; Wilcoxon signed-rank test). CONCLUSIONS: In general, the skeletal poria are parallel to the soft-tissue poria. However, patients with facial asymmetry tend to have asymmetric poria.

A clivagem psíquica e o paralelismo discursivo na clínica psicanalítica / Psychic splitting and parallelism of discourse in psychoanalytic clinical work / Le clivage psychique et le parallélisme discursif dans la clinique psychanalytique / El clivaje psíquico y el paralelismo discursivo en la clínica psicoanalítica

O ponto de partida da discussão é a constatação clínica de um paralelismo discursivo, em alguns pacientes, entre duas modalidades de enunciados que, apesar de coexistirem lado a lado, jamais estabelecem relações conflitantes ou formações de compromisso. Nossa hipótese é de que o paralelismo discursivo em questão é efeito de uma clivagem psíquica. A base para a discussão é o modelo de aparelho psíquico da"Carta 52".

The basis for this discussion is the clinical testimony of cases of parallelism in discourse found in some patients, through two modes of utterance. Although they coexist side-by-side, they establish neither conflicting relationships nor compromise formations. Our hypothesis is that the parallelism in discourse dealt with here is the effect of psychic splitting. The basis for this discussion is the model of the psychic apparatus as described in Freud's Letter 52 to Fliess.

Le point de départ de notre discussion est la constatation clinique d'un parallélisme discursif chez certains patients selon deux types d'énoncés. Bien que ceux-ci coexistent, ils n'établissent jamais de rapports conflictuels ou d'engagements. Notre hypothèse porte sur le fait que le parallélisme discursif en question est le résultat d'un clivage psychique. La base de notre discussion est le modèle de l'appareil psychique de la ®Lettre 52¼.

El punto de partida de la discusión es la constatación clínica en algunos pacientes de un paralelismo en el discurso entre dos tipos de enunciados que nunca establecen relaciones conflictivas o formaciones de compromiso a pesar de que coexisten lado a lado. Nuestra hipótesis es que el paralelismo discursivo en cuestión es el efecto psíquico de una escisión. La base de la discusión es el modelo del aparato psíquico de la ®Carta 52¼.

Os discursos não metaforizados: sobre a produção de enigmas na clínica psicanalítica / Non-metaphorized speeches: on the production of enigmas in psychoanalytic practice / Los discursos no metaforizados: sobre la producción de enigmas en la clínica del psicoanálisis

O ponto de partida da discussão é a constatação clínica de um paralelismo discursivo entre duas modalidades de enunciados que, apesar de coexistirem lado a lado, jamais se deixam tocar e estabelecer relações conflitantes. Trata-se, de um lado, de uma fala romanceada, permeada de devaneios e historicizada, e de outro, de uma série de dizeres extremamente claros e isentos de entrelinhas e equívocos. A partir desta constatação clínica, oferecemos um confronto entre duas das possíveis respostas que o sujeito fornece à alteridade necessária a sua constituição. A primeira destas respostas implicaria o trabalho de metaforização do discurso do outro; já a segunda remete à possibilidade de o sujeito não metaforizar os enunciados em questão. Deste modo, serão investigadas as principais consequências, na dinâmica psíquica do sujeito, quando o mecanismo de metaforização do discurso do outro não encontra seu devido espaço. Investiga-se, também, a questão da direção do tratamento face à singularidade desses processos.

The basis for discussion is the clinical finding of a discursive parallelism between two categories of enunciation which, although coexist, never touch one another or establish a conflicting relationship. On one hand, there is a romanticized, meandering, and historicized discourse; and on the other, a series of extremely clear articulations, free of mistakes or misinterpretations. From this clinical finding, we offer a confrontation between two possible answers that the subject gives to the otherness necessary to his constitution. The first answer implies the metaphorizing of the other's speech; the second one points to the possibility of the subject to not metaphorize the headings in question. Thus, the main consequences in the subject's psychic dynamic, when the mechanism of metaphorization of the other's speech cannot find its rightful place, will be studied. The question of the direction of the treatment, in the face of the singularity of these processes, is also investigated.

El punto de partida de la discusión es la constatación clínica de un paralelismo en el discurso entre dos modos de enunciaciones que, a pesar de coexistir lado a lado, nunca dejan de entrar en conflicto. Se trata, por una parte, de un lenguaje romántico, denotativo e historizado, y del otro, de una serie de dichos claros y libres de contradicciones y equívocos. A partir de esta observación clínica, presentamos un enfrentamiento entre dos de las posibles respuestas que el sujeto ofrece a la alteridad necesaria de su constitución. La primera de estas respuestas implica el trabajo de metaforización del discurso del otro; el segundo se refiere a la posibilidad de que el sujeto no metaforice el discurso. Así, serán investigadas las principales consecuencias, en la dinámica psíquica del sujeto, cuando el mecanismo de metaforización del discurso del otro no encuentra su debido espacio. Se examina, también, la cuestión de la dirección del tratamiento ante la singularidad de estos procesos.

Distortion of tooth axes on panoramic radiographs taken at various head positions / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of head position changes on the root parallelism between adjacent teeth on panoramic radiographs. METHODS: A model with normal occlusion was constructed in the SolidWorks program, then RP (rapid protyping) model was fabricated. The model was repeatedly imaged and repositioned five times at each of the following nine positions: ideal head position, 5degrees C up, 10degrees C up, 5degrees C down, 10degrees C down, 5degrees C right, 10degrees C right up, and 5degrees C right rotation, 10degrees C right rotation. Panoramic radiographs were taken by Planmeca ProMax and the angle between the long axes of adjacent teeth was directly measured in the monitor. RESULTS: Axes of adjacent teeth tended to converge toward the occlusal plane when the head tilted up and converged in the opposite direction to the occlusal plane when the head tilted down. Anterior teeth showed the most notable differences. When one side of the head tilted up 5degrees C and 10degrees C along the anteroposterior axis (Y axis), tooth axes of the same side tended to converge toward the occlusal plane and tooth axes of the opposite side tended to converge in the opposite direction to the occlusal plane. When the head rotated to one side along the vertical axis (Z axis), the canine and lateral incisor of the same side converged in the opposite direction to the occlusal plane and the canine and lateral incisor of the other side converged toward the occlusal plane. CONCLUSIONS: When assessing the root parallelism on panoramic radiographs, the occlusal plane cant (anteroposterior or lateral) or asymmetry of the dental arch should be considered because these can cause distortion of tooth axes on panoramic radiographs.

Novel Conceptual Ssro Based On The Sagittal Parallelism

A comparative study on reliability of the root parallelism of the posterior teeth projected on the orthopantomogram with the 45 degrees oblique cephalogram / 대한치과교정학회지

At present, many orthodontists regard the root parallelism of the posterior teeth important not only in diagnosis and treatment planning but also for predicting posttreatment stability. To evaluate it, they usually refer to the orthopantomogram. At this study, 97 samples were collected from students of Yonsei University, who have well-proportioned face, Angles's class I canine & molar relationships and no crown axis deviation of the posterior teeth including canines. Reliability of the root parallelism observed from orthopantomogram was evaluated by comparison with 45degrees oblique cephalogram. The results were as follows : 1. In comparing the differences between anglular measurements in 45degrees oblique cephalogram & orthopantomogram with 5degrees, those to mandibular plane were significantly less than to occlusal plane in number of items which showed less differences than 5degrees. 2. Compared the root parallelisms in the orthopantomogram with those in 45degrees oblique cephalogram with 1% significance level, parallelism between upper canine & 1st premolar, lower canine & Ist premolar, lower 1st premolar & 2nd premolar, and lower right 2nd molar & 3rd molar showed statistically significant differences. 3. When the significance between the differences of the root parallelism between above two kinds of film and 5degrees was verified by two sided paired t-test, more or less large difference was shown between lower right 2nd molar & 3rd molar, a little larger than 5degrees between lower canine & 1st premolar, smaller at the rest of them. 4. In 45degrees oblique cephalogram, lower canine & 1st premolar showed convergent root arrangements each other, while in orthopantomogram they were divergent each other. All the others except them showed convergency on the upper, divergency on the lower in both films.