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RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir la gestión de la calidad de cuidados en enfermería y la seguridad del paciente. Metodología: La investigación se desarrolla desde el enfoque cuantitativo con una metodología descriptiva con diseño no experimental, la cual se apoya en el análisis documental y bibliográfico. Se organizó un proceso investigativo en donde la población de estudio se basó, primordialmente, en documentos escritos como tesis y artículos científicos. Lo analítico-sintético, radicó en descomponer mentalmente el tema estudiado en diversos elementos para poder conseguir nuevos conocimientos. En conclusión: La enfermería es el profesional que está en el centro del cuidado directo de las personas, familias y comunidad, prestando la colaboración al equipo de salud, desde una acción dinámica y responsable, donde resaltan los valores humanos con la finalidad de brindar bienestar a la población con calidad y constancia, desde los pacientes leves hasta los más críticos, cumpliendo con los protocolos de cuidados para su pronta recuperación.
ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the management of quality of care in nursing and patient safety. Methodology: The research is developed from the quantitative approach with a descriptive methodology with non-experimental design, which is supported by documentary and bibliographic analysis. A research process was organized in which the study population was based primarily on written documents such as theses and scientific articles. The analytical-synthetic aspect was based on mentally decomposing the subject studied into different elements in order to obtain new knowledge. In conclusion: Nursing is the professional who is at the center of the direct care of people, families and community, providing collaboration to the health team, from a dynamic and responsible action where human values stand out and provide welfare to the population with quality and constancy. From the mildest to the most critical patients, complying with the care protocols for their prompt recovery.
ABSTRACT
Describir la gestión de la calidad de cuidados en enfermería y la seguridad del paciente. Metodología: La investigación se desarrolla desde el enfoque cuantitativo con una metodología descriptiva con diseño no experimental, la cual se apoya en el análisis documental y bibliográfico. Se organizó un proceso investigativo en donde la población de estudio, se basó primordialmente en documentos escritos como tesis, artículos científicos. Lo analíticosintético, radicó en descomponer mentalmente el tema estudiado en diversos elementos para poder conseguir nuevos conocimientos. En conclusión: La enfermería es el profesional que está en el centro de los cuidados directo de las personas, familias y comunidad, prestando la colaboración al equipo de salud, desde una acción dinámica y responsable donde resaltan los valores humanos y brindar bienestar a la población con calidad y constancia. Desde los pacientes leves hasta los más críticos cumpliendo con los protocolos de cuidados para su pronta recuperación.
To describe the management of quality of care in nursing and patient safety. Methodology: The research is developed from the quantitative approach with a descriptive methodology with non-experimental design, which is supported by documentary and bibliographic analysis. A research process was organized in which the study population was based primarily on written documents such as theses and scientific articles. The analytical-synthetic aspect was based on mentally decomposing the subject studied into different elements in order to obtain new knowledge. In conclusion: Nursing is the professional who is at the center of the direct care of people, families and community, providing collaboration to the health team, from a dynamic and responsible action where human values stand out and provide welfare to the population with quality and constancy. From the mildest to the most critical patients, complying with the care protocols for their prompt recovery.
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Background: Medication error is most common medical error and which is also under-reported particularly in developing countries. It can cause serious harm to the patients in several settings, particularly in hospitals. Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to bring awareness among paramedical staff about medication error and to encourage them to report medication. Materials and Methods: This was a questionnaire-based-cross sectional study conducted over 6 months of duration in tertiary care hospital in 100 paramedical staff. Results: Out of 100 participants, majority of them (91%) knows about term medication error. Only 26% participants know how to report medication error in our hospital. Three-fourth (75%) do not know where to report, while 22% believes that it is professional obligation to report medication error. The majority of participants 88% agree that proper communication between health-care professionals minimizes medication error. About 77% participants believe that there is a need of independent body/committee for medication error in hospital. About 87% participants recommended training or CME about medication error in health-care professionals. Conclusion: The majority of participants had basic knowledge about medication error but lacuna on the reporting of medication error was noted. Continued medication education among paramedical staff may improver reporting.
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Background:With 3.95 lakhs of active COVID-19 cases in India and Tamilnadu being the second largest hub of COVID-19, the health and social impact on the public, especially the health care warriors would be considerable.Objective:To evaluate and compare the levels of knowledge, preventive behavior and risk perception of South Indian Health Care Professional(HCP) Students regarding COVID-19.Material And Methods:An institution based cross sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in a tertiary care centre and teaching hospital in May-June 2020 amongst 873 students pursuing various HCP course s. The questionnaire comprised four sections -demographic details, COVID–19 related knowledge, preventive behavior and risk perception.Result:Females volunteered to complete the survey (n= 623; 71.4%) more than males (n= 250; 28.6%). Most participants had received awareness about COVID-19 (n=860; 98.5%) from many resources of information. While females (97.50 ± 8.94) had significantly higher scores on items for preventive behavior than males (94.7±15.55; p=0.006), the scores were similar for knowledge and risk perception. There was a statistically significant difference inrisk perception among various courses with students pursuing Pharmacy having higher risk perception. Items regarding use of masks in general and hospital set ups and availability of antivirals for COVID-19 received many incorrect responses.Conclusion: HCPstudents presented with high levels of COVID-19 related knowledge and preventive behavior, but moderate risk perception. Continuing educational programs and preventive behavioral training are the need of the hour to strengthen the knowledge and alleviate anxiety of HCP students towards the pandemic.
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Background: Hand hygiene is documented as one of the foremost techniques to prevent cross-transmission of germs. Objectives: This paper aims to assess the knowledge of hand cleanliness among medical students and working nurses. Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study, carried over a sample selected by non-probability convenient sampling technique. The questionnaire used here to assess the knowledge and practice on hand hygiene was adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care. The data thus collected were presented in terms of counts and percentages. Chi-square test was used to test the significance of the differences, and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Overall, 92.08% of participants have received training in handwashing. Twenty-five (41.60%) medical students believed that the microbes already present with the patient were responsible for hospital-acquired infection (HAI). Medical students had significantly higher knowledge than working nurses regarding dryness of skin due to hand rubbing over handwashing (p<0.05). Medical students also had substantially higher awareness about the performance of handwashing and hand rubbing in sequence (p<0.05), which they think was not right. Knowledge on the colonisation of hands with harmful microbes was more with the nurses. Conclusion: There is a need to increase awareness among medical students and nurses regarding procedural hand hygiene methods to prevent HAI. The current findings can be a basis for conducting a training programme on hand hygiene practices for the medical students, including paramedical staff members.
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El presente ensayo es una reflexión de la violencia en, desde, hacia y entre el personal de salud. Para lograr una aproximación, se consideran distintas fuentes de información, desde reportes periodísticos, estudios empíricos y, por supuesto, postulados conceptuales producidos para otras situaciones y campos de conocimiento. El análisis se realiza en diferentes ejes, el primero con referentes para situar el problema en el marco de propuestas enunciativas y conceptos relevantes; el segundo presenta la perspectiva del paciente o usuario; en el tercero se presentan algunos elementos de los profesionales de la salud. Por último, en último eje se delinean situaciones de las instituciones en salud, como espacio donde se desarrolla y vehiculiza la violencia, en tanto generadora y ámbito donde se ejerce tanto para los profesionales de la salud como para los pacientes usuarios. Finalmente se esbozan unas conclusiones que permiten situar el tema en sus implicaciones y consecuencias. Estos ejes nos permiten sugerir que el estudio de la violencia requiere un abordaje complejo, ya que deja un saldo de víctimas y victimarios siendo las propias instituciones en salud las generadoras de violencia alejando a los actores sociales de actos solidarios y humanizados.
This essay is a reflection about violenceexpressed inside and outside health institutions with an impact on health professionals and patients. We considered different sources of information: journalistic reports, empirical studies and conceptual postulates produced for other situations and fields of knowledge. The analysis is carried out in different axes, first, with references to place the problem within the framework of enunciativeproposals and relevant concepts; the second presents the perspective of the patient; the third presents some elements of health professionals. Finally, in the last axis, situations of health institutions are outlined, as a space where violence is developed and conveyed, as a generator and an area where it is exercised both for health professionals and patients. As conclusions we leave sketches that allow us to place the subject in its implications and consequences. These axes allow us to suggest that the study of violence requires a complex approach, since it leaves a balance of victims and perpetrators, the health institutions themselves being the generators of violence, distancing social actors from acts of solidarity and humanization.
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Humans , Professional-Patient Relations , Violence/statistics & numerical data , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Facilities/statistics & numerical data , Power, Psychological , Workplace Violence/trends , Health Policy , Health ServicesABSTRACT
Background: The objective of this study was to study the knowledge, attitude and practice of contraception among nursing and para-medical staff in a tertiary care hospital and also to identify factors that are associated with non-usage of contraception.Methods: The study was conducted on 100 nursing and paramedical staff working at K. D. Medical College and associated hospital at Mathura from November 2019 to January 2020. After obtaining consent, randomly selected married nursing and paramedical staff were given a pre-designed, structured questionnaire on socio-demographic variables, knowledge, attitude and practice towards contraception.Results: In the present study, out of 100 participants, 89 had awareness of contraception. Majority of them knew about condoms, followed by Copper-T/multiload and OCPs. The knowledge about contraception was mainly obtained through social media and health professionals.Conclusions: Health care providers should be equipped with recent information on all the available family planning methods through intensive in-service trainings, seminars/conferences, etc. This will get them informed and all misconceptions will be erased and in turn each health care provider will be able to make informed choice from the various options of family planning methods and practice the best suitable method.
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Background: High levels of stress and psychological morbidity occur in health-care professional students. Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate psychological well-being, perceived stress level, and coping abilities among medical and paramedical students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study carried out in a tertiary care hospital, West Uttar Pradesh, India. The total study period was from September 2019 to November 2019 with a sample of 145 medical students aged 17–25 years and 81 paramedical students aged 19–33 years. Ethical clearance was obtained from the College Ethical Committee. We used self-administered, three different types of validated tools for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Results: The median age of paramedical and medical trainees was 22 and 21 years, respectively. Family history of mental illness was 21% and 5.5%, respectively. On general health questionnaire-12 scale, 9% of paramedical trainees reported evidence of distress and 91% of severe problem and psychological distress while 19% of medical trainees having evidence of distress and 81% of severe problem and psychological distress. On perceived stress scale-10 (PSS-10) scale, 15% of paramedical trainees reported average level, 27% moderate level, and 55% high level of perceived stress while 2% of medical trainees having average, 19% moderate level, and 79% high level of perceived stress, respectively. The difference in mean score on PSS-10 and Brief COPE scale between paramedics and medical trainees group was found statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: We concluded the higher level of severe problem and psychological distress in the paramedical and high level of perceived stress in medical trainees. Paramedical trainees practice a better coping mechanism than medical trainees.
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Background: Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death in india. it is also one of the few malignancies where an infectious etiological agent human papilloma virus (HPV) has been identified. With the advent of HPV vaccination, it is possible to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with carcinoma cervix. But biggest hurdle to achieve this is the lack of awareness about the availability and use of HPV vaccine. This study was conducted to know knowledge and awareness of HPV infection and vaccination among medical and paramedical students. We also evaluated the acceptability and coverage of HPV vaccine among these students.Methods: This study was conducted among a total of 520 female students of the Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University with the help of a questionnaire. The study group included 207 MBBS students, 167 BDS students, 89 nursing students and 57 physiotherapy students.Results: Most of the students were in 18-20 years’ age group. Nearly 40.57% of the students knew that HPV is sexually transmitted and 29.80% were aware that this infection can be prevented. Availability of HPV vaccine was known to 75% of the students and the main source of their information was through their college teachings. Nearly 43.75% of the students knew HPV vaccine protects against cervical cancer and 26.73% of the students were vaccinated. Overall knowledge and awareness were better among medical students.Conclusions: A lot of work needs to be done so as to make the target population accept HPV vaccine. There is a great difference between awareness of availability of the vaccine and its use. This emphasizes the need for health care professionals to take special interest in promoting this vaccine in the general population.
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Background: There is a paradigm shift in the social values towards the elderly people due to urbanization and higher educational linked migration. Consequently, problems like loneliness, lack of emotional support, economic insecurities are faced by the elderly population. The objectives of the study were to assess the socio-economic dimensions and to examine the morbidity and mortality patterns of elderly persons in the study area.Methods: A cross- sectional study was conducted among 536 elderly persons from May to August 2019 in an urban area of Udaipur. A pre-structured and pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic details, morbidity profile and socio-economic problems of elderly persons. The data was analyzed using class frequencies, ‘t’ test for equality of gender difference in mortality ages and Chi-square test for association of age class with morbidity.Results: A majority of study subjects were females (52.05%). There was significant difference in proportions of elderly male and female persons across their educational levels. The chi-square test for association of age classes with number of health problems revealed significant association. About 56.34% of 536 elderly people were leading an unsatisfactory life.Conclusions: The major morbidities included arthritis, hypertension, diabetes, cataract, dental problems, cardiovascular problems etc. Financial problems were more severe among elderly. The availability of trained paramedical professionals for home care and day care units and legal bindings on family members for safety and security of elderly person can be effective measures to overcome the problems being faced by them.
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Background: Personal protective equipment (PPE) continues to play an integral role in prevention of transmission of infection in the healthcare setting. The objective of this study is to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of universal precautions for control of infection among health care workers.Methods: Cross sectional study were conducted at Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi during the period of November 2018 to January 2019. 151 paramedical staffs were included as study population. Sampling method was consecutive sampling.Results: The present study included 151 paramedical staffs, based on our criteria about knowledge of PPEs, 88.7% (134) of participants had the knowledge, while 11.3% (17) did not have. 77% (116) of paramedical staffs received formal training while 23.2% (35) didn’t. 95.68% had the knowledge about PPEs who received training (116), while out of untrained person 65.71% already had knowledge about PPEs which is statistically significant. Departments which always use PPEs are emergency (50%) followed by pathology (16.6%) and Neurosurgery (13.3%) which is statistically significant. Those who frequently use PPEs, 89.6% had knowledge while 10.4% did not have. 85.4% of paramedical staff change gloves between procedures on same patient. Non availabilityof PPEs inhibit maximum percentage of Paramedical staffs 72% towards use of PPEs followed by lack of information and education 12% and uncomfortable PPEs 5%.Conclusions: Proper training should be provided to healthcare workers for universal precaution. Information about universal precaution can be spread in the form of posters in different wards.
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Background: Hepatitis B is global infectious diseases with estimated two billions of the world population have contracted the infection, of them there are 350 million with chronic infection. Hepatitis B disease may lead to state of chronic carrier, liver cirrhosis and failure or hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which involved 100 intern, 100 resident doctors, and 100 paramedical staff; data collection was performed by a suitable self-administered, close-ended questionnaire.Results: Medical staff members had better knowledge about hepatitis B than the paramedical staff in the study. More than 50% of the paramedical staff didn’t know the correct mode of hepatitis b transmission. Attitude towards vaccination was seen significantly high in interns and resident doctors, as more than 88% had taken hepatitis b vaccine as compared to only 57% from paramedical staff had taken vaccine. Only 55% of paramedical staff had strictly followed universal precautions which was statistically significant in medical and paramedical staff.Conclusions: This study highlights the dissimilarities in knowledge, attitude as well as practices amongst different categories of healthcare personnel regarding hepatitis B infection. The most distressing situation was of paramedical staff that was at the lowest strata in terms of both knowledge and practices and therefore was at highest risk of hepatitis B infection.
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Background: Self-medication is practiced universally. Having medical knowledge plays a vital role in its prevalence. It is more prevalent in higher education course students especially medical students. However, it is increasing in dental and paramedical students. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate self-medication among medical, dental and para-medical students in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A cross sectional questionnaire based study was conducted among 449 undergraduate students. They were divided into three groups. A questionnaire was developed based on literature. The questionnaire was validated and finalised. The paper questionnaire was administered to students. The data collected from questionnaires was analysed. The results were expressed as percentages and frequencies.Results: The male female ratio of students who filled questionnaire was 65:35. All the students (100%) reported that they practice self-medication. The most common reason for self-medication was prior experience (36%) in group A as well as in group B (46%), but in group C, 39% mentioned no serious problem. Main information source was family members in all the groups (A 57%, B 53%, C 29%) followed by advice from senior/friends. Fever was most common symptom reported (29%) by group A followed headache (28%) in group C and cough and cold (23%) in group B. The commonest group of drugs used is cough syrups (25%) in group B, followed by analgesics (23%) in group C and antipyretics (21%) in group A.Conclusions: Self-medication is growing among dental and paramedical students too. It is necessary to educate them about self-medication to prevent future disastrous consequences as well as to make them aware of appropriate use of self-medication.
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Background: To resolve the mystery of Attention Deficit Hyperkinetic Disorder (ADHD) in adults and toassess its prevalence & association with various risk factors.Methodology: This cross sectional analytical study was carried out with specific inclusion & exclusioncriteria on different selected variables. This study was undertaken in the campus of R D Gardi MedicalCollege, Ujjain over medical & paramedical students. Chi square qualitative statistical analysis was doneto evaluate the association of risk factors with the outcome of disease.Results: The prevalence of ADHD in the study group was found to be 15.9% (56 out of 353 patients).Themost common type of ADHD found in the study population was - Inattentive type (50%) – 28 out of 56,followed by Hyperactive type (18%) – 10 out of 56, Combined type (32%) – 18 out of 56. Among thediagnosed 56 Adult ADHD patients 59% were males and 41% were females. Level of education was foundto be a statistically significant factor in association with occurrence of ADHD in adulthood. Other factorsconsidered in study like age, gender, presence or absence of other co- morbid psychiatric disorders werenot found to be statistically significant in association with ADHD. Also variables of past history like rashdriving, road traffic accidents, frequent quarrels, substance abuse or learning difficulties in school were notfound to be significantly associated with adult ADHD in our study.Conclusions: It was concluded that such studies should be undertaken frequently at different locations indifferent time frames to tackle this devastating problem in early stages.
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Background: Stress is a word very difficult to define. No one is stress-free nowadays. Stress has an impact on mental and physical wellbeing. Everyone has an ideal level of stress, but it differs from person to person. A certain amount of stress is necessary to perform at the optimum. If the stress is perceived as negligible or as exceeding one’s capacity to cope, then distress results. Stress among students of medical field (medical, dental and nursing) has gained more focus in recent years. Aim of the study: To assess the magnitude of stress among First-Year Nursing students of RMMCH, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu. Materials and methods: The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data was collected using a proforma which included socio-demographic profile and PSS-14. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Study showed that 96% of students had stress. 94% of students had mild to moderate stress while 2% had severe stress. Conclusion: The prevalence of stress among Nursing students was high and there is a need for support services like stress management programs, relaxation techniques and so on. Support services may help to improve their ability to cope up with the demands of the course and also to have a stress free life.
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The use of illicit drugs among young people is a growing social problem in Japan. All healthcare professionals are expected to play a role in preventing drug abuse; thus, it is important to give lectures to paramedical students not only to acquire accurate knowledge about illicit drugs but also to promote their self-awareness as future health care workers. To evaluate effective education for drug abuse prevention, we conducted an awareness survey of students in the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University and the College of Healthcare Management, Fukuoka. Over 90% of students were affected by drug abuse resistance education in elementary, junior high, and high schools. According to this, most of the students tended to have an understanding of health hazards such as central nervous system toxicity. A normative consciousness of avoiding drug usage was high but in response to dealing with friends involved in drug abuse, 14.5% of students answered “it depends on their decision” and 9.1% answered “no idea.” The reasons for drug abuse given included easy availability (63.6%), fear of exclusion from the group (60.0%), and escaping distress (41.8%). The nature of this problem in young people might be attributed to their relationship with family or friends. In this survey, we obtained information regarding knowledge and awareness of drug abuse among paramedical students. We think that it is necessary to focus the education on understanding of factors leading to the use of illicit drugs, such as psychological problems, rather than their harmful effects on health.
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A purpose of the study is to provide basic information in order to find better ways for more effective cadaver dissection education by analyzing education effect on paramedical students after cadaver dissection. By using questionnaires composed of 12 questions, we have surveyed 1,041 paramedical students who participate in cadaver dissection in 2013 and analysed the results. The paramedical students are the department of nursing science, operation treatment, physical therapy, alternative medicine, clinical pathology, emergency rescue and dental hygienics. As a result, we have found that cadaver dissection makes students have more respect for human life and dignity, helps students learn anatomy and major. Furthermore, the degrees of satisfaction, interest, intention of afterward participation in cadaver dissection afterward are high. However, the degrees of intention of cadaver donations are low. We need to develop cadaver dissection programme customized for each majors in order to helps students have more respect for human life and dignity, more professionalism, more effective cadaver dissection education.
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Humans , Cadaver , Clinical Medicine , Complementary Therapies , Education , Emergencies , Intention , Nursing , Pathology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The effects of observation program of cadaver dissection for paramedical students were surveyed and obtained the following results. After observation of cadaver dissection, the students who will participate next time with their own will, who think this program is essential for anatomy study, who understand the orientation contents, and who think their anatomical knowledge elevated were increased. However, the number staffs of medical school who think this program is essential for paramedical students were about 1/3. The problems obtained in the observation program of cadaver dissection were discordance with teaching schedule, long orientation and observation time, and the 1/2 or above staffs leading this program were teaching assistants and medical students. Through this observation program of cadaver dissection, the paramedical students were aware of the meaning of cadaver donation and the noble will of donors certainly, and gained an opportunity feel the dignity of life.
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Humans , Appointments and Schedules , Cadaver , Orientation , Schools, Medical , Tissue DonorsABSTRACT
The present study predicts the development of health manpower and level structure of paramedical and pharmacy higher education by methods of dynamic series, tendency extrapolation, grey forecasting and special istic prediction. The results show that in the future 5-10 years, it is suitable for the paramedical and pharmacy higher education lo enroll 50 000-70 000 new students every year, which will account for 35 percent of total medical students of higher medical education. In their level structure undergraduates will gradually reach 30 percent and students receiving 3-year special-i/ed training 70 percent. Some policy suggestions are put forward on the basis of prediction.