Relationship between parental stress and attitude towards cochlear implantation outcomes in children in an Indian context

ABSTRACT Purpose The study was aimed to investigate the relationship between parental stress and attitude of parents towards the outcomes of cochlear implantation in an Indian scenario. Methods A total of 59 parents of children with cochlear implantation participated in the study. The outcomes of cochlear implant was measured using Parental attitudes of various aspects of cochlear implantation questionnaire and parental stress was measured using parental stress scale. The questionnaires were circulated to participants and data was collected in the form of e-survey. Results The present study showed that the parental stress level was similar among mothers and fathers. Further, the parental attitude towards communication abilities of children and education were positively correlated with the duration of cochlear implantation. Finally, a significant positive correlation was found between the parental stress and the parental attitude towards communication abilities of children and social skills. Conclusion The present study showed a positive relationship between parental stress and parental attitude towards the outcomes of cochlear implantation for aspects of communication abilities and social skills.

Parental Attitudes towards Children with Intellectual Disability in Special Schools of South India.

Background: Parental attitude is one of the key prognostic factors in psychosocial development of a child. In this cross-sectional study conducted in the special schools among parents, we explored the dimensions of parental attitudes towards children with intellectual disability and the factors that influence these attitudes. Methodology: Data was collected using Rangaswamy Parental Attitude Scale. This scale consists of 40 items spread equally into 8 domains (over protection, acceptance, rejection, permissiveness, communication, attitudes towards education, home management and hostility). Results: The study revealed that parents have an overall positive attitude towards their children with intellectual disability. However, mean score of the subscale domains indicates parental negative attitudes which is highest on over protection and lowest on rejection. Conclusions: Further studies in this regard are needed across multiple centres to validate the findings of the above study.

Association of Parental Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Oral Health With Early Childhood Caries Among Preschool Children: A Systematic Review

@#Early childhood caries (ECC) is a serious public health problem in both developing and developed countries. Given that children mainly depend on their parents for their day-to-day activities, it is important to investigate the extent of parental influence on the oral health of their children. The objective of this study is to review the association of parental knowledge, attitude, and practice of oral health with ECC among preschool children. PubMed, Medline, and Google scholar were used to search for related articles published within the past 10 years. All of the studies that investigated parental oral health practice have shown association with the development of dental caries. However, there were discrepancies in the outcome of studies that examined the association of parental knowledge and attitude with ECC. More investigations on parental knowledge and attitude are needed to clarify their association with ECC.

Relationship of Parental Knowledge and Attitude with Oral Health Status of Children in Karachi East.

Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship of parental knowledge and attitude towards their child’s oral habits and health status, and evaluate whether educational status of parents plays a significant role and the level of motivation of parents for child’s regular dental checkup. Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Dental OPD of Dow International Dental College and Fazaia Degree College, April 2014, Karachi East, Pakistan. Methodology: Parents of preschool and primary school going children. A self-designed closed ended type questionnaire was provided in both English and Urdu language. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16. The relationship between variables was done by frequency distribution and Chi-square test. Results: A total of 200 completed questionnaires were considered for final analysis. 61% of the parents had children of preschool age and 38.5% were primary school going. 56.5% of the subjects had education up to Graduation or higher level. Majority of the parents belonged to Middle class 63%. 82-96% of parents were aware of preventive role of tooth brushing and fluoride. 95.5% considered regular dental checkup important.74-95% of parents showed positive attitude towards factors important for maintenance of oral health. But 64.5% of parents still did not take their child for regular visit to dentist. Conclusions: The study shows that parents have relatively higher knowledge and positive attitude regardless of educational and socioeconomic status, however children still seemed to practice habits which affected their oral health therefore preventive dental programmes should not only focus on educating but developing personal skills in both the parents and young children and improve parents’ attitude on importance of early preventive dental visit.

Práticas educativas parentais em famílias de adolescentes em conflito com a lei / Parental educational practices in families whose adolescents present law problems

As práticas educativas parentais referem-se ao modo, utilizado pelos pais, de socializar, controlar ou desenvolver valores e atitudes em seus filhos, e ao seu conjunto denomina-se estilo parental. Utilizou-se o Inventário de Estilo Parental de Gomide de 2003 para avaliar duas práticas positivas (monitoria positiva e comportamento moral) e cinco negativas (negligência, abuso físico, monitoria negativa, punição inconsistente e disciplina relaxada), buscando investigar se a percepção dos filhos coincide com a percepção dos pais sobre as práticas parentais utilizadas na família. O Inventário de Estilo Parental foi aplicado em 41 famílias de jovens em conflito com a lei. Os resultados mostraram que os filhos percebem da mesma forma que a mãe (Z=1,44; p= 0,15) e que o pai (Z=0,65; p= 0,51) as práticas educativas vigentes na família. A média do índice de estilo parental familiar (filho, pai e mãe) foi negativa, indicando que são famílias de risco. A identificação do estilo parental em famílias de risco poderá fornecer importantes subsídios para elaboração de programas de orientação e treinamento de pais, tanto preventivamente quanto para aquelas famílias cujos filhos adolescentes já se encontram em conflito com a lei.

Parental Educational Practices refer to the parents' education mode of socializing, controlling or developing values and attitudes in their offspring. Literature names such educational practices Parental Style. This study has used the Parental Style Inventory by Gomide (2003) which assesses two positive practices (positive monitoring and moral behavior) and five negative practices (negligence, physical abuse, negative monitoring, inconsistent punishment and slacked discipline), and its goal was to investigate if the children's perception of parental practices were similar to their parents. Parental Style Inventory was applied in 41 families of law-offensive youngsters. Results have shown that children realize the family ongoing educational practices as their mothers do (Z=1,44; p=0,15), and their fathers (Z=0,65; p=0,51). The families' (child, father and mother) Parental Style Inventory average was negative, which indicates they are risk families. Parental Style identification in risk families can provide important subsidies for parental guidance and training programs, both in preventive terms and for those families that have already had adolescent's law-infringement problems.

A Preliminary Study of Predictive Factors for Language and Cognitive Development after Cochlear Implant in Congenital Deaf Children / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The cognitive function of the cochlear implant (CI) candidates and psychological factors of their family may have influence on the rehabilitation after CI. However, only a few studies have been reported. The aim of the study was to examine the cognitive and language abilities of deaf children before CI. We also assessed educational opportunities that deaf children have been given, emotional problems of their parents, and investigated the relationship of these variables to the cognitive function of the deaf children. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Sixteen deaf children from 5 to 7 years old and 100 parents having a deaf child participated in the study. The psychological test battery was administered to the deaf children to assess intelligence, attention and motor coordination. Questionnaires were given to the parents to get the medical and educational history of their child, the familial characteristics, parental attitude and emotional problems. RESULTS: Congenital deaf children showed high social adaptation abilities on Social Maturity Scale and borderline level intelligence in non-linguistic intelligence test. However, they showed low scores on visual attention task and significantly decreased visual-motor coordination on complex tasks. Seventeen parents (18.5%) met the criteria of depressive disorder by Beck Depressive Inventory. The parental stress and depressive mood were negatively correlated with the language and cognitive development of their child. CONCLUSION: The result of this study suggests that preoperative cognitive development of deaf children and emotional problem of their parents may affect on the development of language and cognitive abilities during the rehabilitation period after cochlear implantation.

Comparison of Attitude toward Pediatric Idiopathic Convulsive Disorder Between Parents with Epilepic Children and Parents with Healthy Children / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: We conducted this study to investigate the parental attitude toward their children wiht idiopathic convulsive disorder and to compare it with that of parents with healthy children. METHODS: The parents of children with convulsive disorder were recruited from the outpatient department of pediatric neurology in Seoul National University Hospital in Korea. We excluded patients with mental retardation, pervasive developmental disorder and overt organic brain pathology. The parents of normal students were chosen as control group. Children's sex, age, achievement and socioeconomic status were matched. The author interviewed all the children and their parents and obtained the developmental history and family information. 'Questionnaire for adult's attitude toward children with convulsive disorder' was used to obtain the data about the ideas about epileptic children and their family members from both parents of epileptic and normal children. RESULTS: First, parents of epileptic children worried too much about the possibility that convulsion made serious damage on physical status of patients. 25% of them believed that even single convulsion could lead to sudden death. Second, as the causes of convulsive disorder, the parents chose brain damage brain pathology worries of children mode of parenting worries of family genetic origin in order of frequency. 40% of them had false concepts that the way of rearing and childen's psychological problems might cause the convulsive disorder. Third, according to the answers of parents of epileptic children, more than 60% of children with convulsive disorder had cognitive, emotional, behavioral and learning problems. Fourth, parents of epileptic children reported behavioral change, emotional disturbance and attentional problems as result of adverse effect of medication. Fifth, Many parents of epileptic children had difficulties in explaining the disease and reasons of taking medication to patients. Sixth, Many parents of epileptic children worried about marriage and employment and reported the several limitations of social lives of parents and patients. The parents of healthy children had more tendency to believe that the convulsive disorder could be one of genetic diseases than parents of epileptic children. They chose the brain pathology-genetic originmode of parenting-brain damage-worries of children-worries of family as the causes of convulsive disorder in order of frequency. The parents of healthy children had overcare about the limitations of children's social activity and difficulties of parents and family members of epileptic children. CONCLUSION: This study revealed the parents of epileptic children had some overcares and misbelieves about their children's disorder. Also, the parents of healthy children had more distorted ideas about the causes of the convulsive disorder and its impact on epileptic children and their family members. So the mental health professionals should prepare and conduct the comprehensive and effective educational programs for the parents and public members.

The Importance of Parental Attitudes and Behavior upon Adolescent Smoking Behavior / 성인간호학회지

The purpose of this study was to find out the relationships between parental attitudes about smoking and parental smoking behavior as factors associated with adolescent's smoking behavior. Data were collected from Nov 20, 1997 to Feb 30, 1998 from 295 male high school students located in the Kyung Gi Do Province. Specific questions for adolescents concerning their parent's attitudes about their smoking, parental smoking behavior and the youth smoking behavior were included. Data were analyzed using a SPSS/PC program for the descriptive and chi-square statistics. Results indicated that parental attitudes are significantly associated with adolescents' smoking, both in behavior and amount smoked. Whereas parental behavior showed difference in means of adolescent's smoking behavior and smoking amount. In conclusion, parental attitudes toward adolescent smoking have a significantly greater effect on both the behavior and on the amount smoked than does parental antismoking educational efforts may find it helpful to include this factor.