Toward a Possible Reassessment of Causes and Protecting Strategies Underlying the Dynamic of Parental Burnout in Costa Rica / Acerca de una posible reevaluación de las causas y estrategias de protección subyacentes a la dinámica del desgaste parental en Costa Rica

Objective. This study aims to reach an initial understanding of some specific cultural characteristics of parental burnout in Costa Rica. The findings stem from analyzing specific family configurations of parental burnout during parenting. Method. An intentional sample of 146 mothers and 102 fathers (n= 248, mean age 37) was selected. They completed a questionnaire regarding socio-demographics, Parental burnout assessment, Gender roles, Independent-interdependent Self, Involvement in parental function and duties, and the Parental goals and values. Results. there is a low prevalence of parental burnout and an average level of individualism in parenting. Although the study failed to identify high degrees of parental burnout in the Costa Rican sampled parents, which tend to be rather moderate or low in comparison with other countries, there seems to be an initial tendency of some type of family toward increasing burnout as well as noteworthy traits of familial dynamics that might function as mitigating or even protective factors against parental burnout.

Objetivo. Avanzar en la comprensión de las características culturales específicas del agotamiento parental en Costa Rica al analizar configuraciones familiares específicas del agotamiento parental durante la crianza. Método. Se seleccionó una muestra intencional de 146 madres y 102 padres con una media de edad de 37 años. Los participantes completaron un cuestionario que indagó en variables sociodemográficas y las medidas parental burnout assessment, Gender Roles, Independent-interdependent Self, Involvement in parental Function and Duties y Parental Goals and Values. Resultados. Una baja prevalencia de agotamiento parental y un rol importante del individualismo moderado en la crianza. Se concluye que, aunque no se logró detectar un alto grado de agotamiento parental en la muestra de padres y madres, quienes mostraron moderados y bajos niveles de agotamiento en comparación con otros países. Se halló una tendencia inicial hacia un aumento del agotamiento en algunos tipos de familia, además de dinámicas familiares que parecen funcionar como factores atenuantes e incluso protectores contra al agotamiento parental.

Burnout y estrategias de regulación emocional parental: Un estudio en contexto de pandemia por Covid-19 en Chile / Burnout and parental emotional regulation strategies: A study in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic in Chile

Resumen El COVID-19 ha afectado la salud mental de la población pudiendo incrementar el riesgo de burnout parental (Griffith, 2020), definido como un síndrome resultante de la exposición duradera al estrés crónico de los padres en su rol de cuidadores (Mikolajczak et al. 2019). Este fenómeno puede tener graves implicancias en la crianza y el desarrollo normal de los niños, niñas y adolescentes, puesto que afecta múltiples áreas del funcionamiento de los padres, y lesiona el vínculo que mantienen con sus hijos (Mikolajczak et al, 2018). El objetivo de este estudio es comprender la relación entre las estrategias de regulación y el burnout parental en contexto de pandemia. La muestra se compuso de 693 participantes, recolectados mediante un muestreo no aleatorio que incluyó 133 padres y 560 madres mayores de 18 años que habitan actualmente en Chile, viviendo con al menos un hijo/a menor. Se utilizó el instrumento Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) para evaluar el burnout parental, y comprender su relación con el impacto negativo percibido de la pandemia sobre las prácticas de crianza; el rol las estrategias de regulación emocional de supresión y reevaluación -medidas a través del Cuestionario de Regulación Emocional (ERQ)-; y el género. Los resultados arrojaron niveles más altos de burnout parental en las madres, quienes reportaron mayor impacto negativo de la crisis por COVID-19, usando más estrategias de supresión y menos de reevaluación. A partir de este estudio, se puede concluir que existe una interacción significativamente positiva entre la apreciación subjetiva que hacen los padres y madres de las consecuencias que la pandemia ha tenido sobre sus prácticas de crianza, y sus niveles de burnout parental.

Abstract: COVID-19 has affected the population's mental health, increasing the risk of parental burnout (Griffith, 2020), defined as a syndrome resulting from long-term exposure to chronic stress of parents in their role as caregivers (Mikolajczak et al. 2019). This phenomenon can have serious implications for the upbringing and normal development of children and adolescents, since it affects multiple areas of parental functioning, as well as damage the bond they maintain with their children (Mikolajczak et al, 2018). This study included 693 participants, collected through a non-random sample that included 133 fathers and 560 mothers over 18 years of age who currently live in Chile, living with at least one child. Linear regressions were performed to understand the relationship between parental burnout -measured using the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA)- and the perceived negative impact of the pandemic on parenting practices; the role of emotional regulation strategies of suppression and reappraisal -measured through the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ)-; and gender. Higher levels of parental burnout were found in mothers, who reported a greater negative impact of the COVID-19 crisis, using more suppression strategies and less reappraisal.

Relationship between social support and parental burnout in COVID-19 among Chinese young parents / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore potential categories of parental social support for young parents under the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, and to examine correlations of different types of parents' social support with parental burnout.@*METHODS@#In April 2020, we conducted an online voluntary survey among young parents across China with scales and a self-designed questionnaire. The latent profile analysis method was used to analyze parents' received social support and perceived social support. The social support categories were taken as independent variables and parental burnout as dependent variables, and multiple regression analysis was carried out to explore the relationship between received social support, perceived social support and parental burnout. Finally, the moderating effect of resilience between social support groups and parental burnout was discussed.@*RESULTS@#The results of latent profile analysis revealed three potential types of received social support, namely isolate, normal, and multi-support and the proportions of the respondents with the three profiles were 14.1%, 78.0%, and 7.9%. Four potential types of perceived social support, namely, indigent, medium, affluent and divergent and the proportions of the respondents with the four profiles were 13.7%, 29.6%, 25.3%, and 31.3%. Among them, the parents with divergent perceived social support had more perception of social support from the couple, family and relatives, but less perception of social support from net-friend, social organizations and the government. Regression analysis showed that there was no statistically significant correlation between different profiles of received social support and parental burnout, and among the groups of perceived social support, there was a statistically significant correlation between indigent and divergent types of social support and parental burnout. The divergent parents had lower levels of parental burnout compared with indigent (β=-0.120, P=0.003). Also, resilience moderated the effect of divergent perceived social support and parental burnout. Compared with the parents with low resilience, the parents with high resilience perceived divergent social support with lower parenting burnout.@*CONCLUSION@#There are prominent latent types of received social support and perceived social support under epidemic. People with divergent perceived social support (more perceived supports from partner, family and friends) are prone to have a relatively lower risk of parental burnout. Parents with higher resilience will be more sensitive to the support of close acquaintances, and can better resist parental burnout.

Parental burnout: a scoping review / Parental burnout: revisión del alcance / Burnout parental: revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Objective: to map available evidence on parental burnout theme. Method: scoping review as according to the Joanna Briggs Institute. Search in January 2021, in six databases of publications in English, Portuguese or Spanish, without time limits. Data extracted and descriptively analyzed by three independent researchers. Results: 374 articles were identified and 20 were included in the final sample, all published in English, from 2017 onwards. Parental burnout is a complex, multifactorial problem, distinct from burnout cases, depressive symptoms and other mental health alterations. It affects 0.2 to 20% of parents, has validated and suitable instruments for measurement; if not treated, can have consequences on marital life, work relationships, child neglect and violence. Conclusions: this is a recent theme that needs to be explored, due to the possible impact on children's and families' health and on parents' work processes. Protocol registered in the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/jd7vk).

RESUMEN Objetivo: mapear la evidencia disponible sobre el tema del agotamiento de los padres. Método: revisión del alcance, según el Instituto Joanna Briggs. Búsqueda en enero de 2021, en seis bases de datos de publicaciones en inglés, portugués o español, sin límite de tiempo. Datos extraídos y analizados descriptivamente por tres investigadores independientes. Resultados: se capturaron 374 artículos y se incluyeron 20 en la muestra final, todos publicados en inglés, a partir de 2017. El burnout parental es un problema complejo y multifactorial, distinto de los casos de burnout, síntomas depresivos y otras alteraciones de la salud mental. Afecta entre el 0,2 y el 20% de los padres, cuenta con instrumentos de medición validados y adecuados y, si no se trata, puede tener consecuencias en la vida conyugal, las relaciones laborales, el abandono y la violencia contra el niño. Conclusiones: este es un tema reciente que necesita ser explorado, por el posible impacto en la salud de los niños y las familias y en los procesos laborales de los padres. Protocolo registrado en el Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/jd7vk).

RESUMO Objetivo: mapear evidências disponíveis sobre a temática burnout parental Método: revisão de escopo, conforme o Joanna Briggs Institute. Busca em janeiro de 2021, em seis bases de dados de publicações em inglês, português ou espanhol, sem delimitação de tempo. Dados extraídos e analisados descritivamente por três pesquisadores independentes. Resultados: capturados 374 artigos e incluídos 20 na amostra final, todos publicados em inglês, a partir de 2017. Burnout parental consiste em problema complexo, multifatorial, distinto dos casos de burnout, sintomas depressivos e outras alterações de saúde mental. Acomete 0,2 a 20% dos pais, possui instrumentos validados e adequados para mensuração e, se não tratado, pode acarretar consequências na vida conjugal, relações de trabalho, negligência e violência contra a criança. Conclusões: trata-se de temática recente que necessita ser explorada, pelo possível impacto na saúde de crianças e famílias e nos processos de trabalho dos pais. Protocolo registrado no Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/jd7vk).