Estructura Factorial de la Escala de Competencia Parental Percibida: Version para padres (ECPP-p)

Introducción: Este estudio evalúa la dimensionalidad de la versión para padres de la Escala de Competencia Parental Percibida (ECPP-p). La muestra considera a padres (n = 227; M = 35.34, DE = 7.22) de Lima metropolitana. Método: El análisis estructural se realizó con el análisis factorial confirmatorio mediante el uso del estimador WLSMV acorde a la naturaleza ordinal de los ítems de la escala. Se confirmó la estructura original evaluada de cinco dimensiones correlacionadas: implicación escolar, dedicación personal, ocio compartido, asesoramiento y orientación y asunción rol de padre o madre. Resultados: Se obtuvo un ajuste adecuado al modelo de cinco factores, X 2 = 406.47, CFI =0.96, TLI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.068. Los coeficientes de consistencia interna fueron adecuados para cada una de las dimensiones (( >0.80) ((α >0.70). Conclusión: Se concluye que la ECPP-p es un instrumento que presenta evidencias de estructura interna y confiabilidad en la muestra de estudio.

Background: This study examines the dimensionality of the parent version of the Scale of Sensed Parental Competencies (ECPP-p). The sample was composed of 227 parents (n = 227; M = 35.34, DE = 7.22) from Lima Metropolitan. Method: The structural analysis was conducted with confirmatory factor analysis using the estimator WLSMV according to the ordinal nature of the items on the scale. The original structure evaluated of five correlated dimensions: school involvement, personal dedication, shared leisure, counseling and guidance and assumption of the role of father or mother was confirmed. Results: An adequate fit was obtained to the model of five factors, X 2 = 406.47, CFI = .96, TLI =0.95, RMSEA =0.068. The internal consistency coefficients were adequate for each of the dimensions ((( >0.80) ((α >0.70). Conclusion: The ECPP-p is an instrument that presents evidence of internal structure and reliability in the study sample.

Incidencia de competencias parentales en el desarrollo de habilidades sociales en hijos únicos / Incidence of parental competences in the development of social skills in kids from single children families

Resumen Múltiples investigaciones han demostrado que los estilos de crianza influyen en el desarrollo socioemocional durante la infancia, en la cual se considera a la familia como el primer ente socializador. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la incidencia de las competencias parentales en el desarrollo de las habilidades sociales de hijos únicos, con edades entre tres y cinco años, teniendo en cuenta cuatro áreas: vinculares, formativas, protectoras y reflexivas. Con respecto a las habilidades sociales se analizaron seis actitudes comportamentales: habilidades sociales básicas; hacer amigos; conversacionales; sentimientos y emociones; capacidad de afrontar y resolver problemas, y la forma de relacionarse con los adultos. Es una investigación cuantitativa, realizada con un método correlacional donde la muestra correspondió a 36 niños y 61 padres de familia. Se utilizaron las siguientes pruebas: Escala de parentalidad positiva y Escala de habilidades sociales. Los hallazgos de esta investigación no coinciden con lo que teóricamente se podría esperar; resulta paradójico que los niños que tienen habilidades sociales medias posean padres con competencias parentales óptimas, mientras que niños con habilidades sociales altas, presentan padres de familia cuyas competencias parentales que se ubican en cualquiera de los tres rangos (en riesgo, en monitoreo y óptimas). Otro hallazgo se relaciona con los niños que presentaron habilidades sociales altas en las seis áreas; a su vez, sus padres registraron competencias parentales protectoras en zona de monitoreo, lo que conlleva a pensar, que existen otros factores diferentes de las competencias parentales que pueden incidir en el desarrollo de las habilidades sociales de los menores.

Abstract Multiple researches have shown that parenting styles influence socio-emotional development during childhood, in which the family is considered the first socializing entity. The objective of this research was to analyze the incidence of parental competencies in the development of the social skills of single children aged between three and five years, taking into account four areas: linkage, formative, protective and reflexive. Regarding social skills, six behavioral attitudes were analyzed: basic social skills; making new friends; conversational; feelings and emotions; ability to face and solve problems; and way of relating to adults. It is a quantitative research, correlational method where the sample corresponded to 36 children and 61 parents. Two tests were applied: Positive Parentally Scale and Social Skills Scale. Pearson Chi-square was used to analyze the information, using Statistica software. The Pearson Chi-square test is a non-parametric test, which aims to determine the existence or not of a significant relationship between two variables. The Parental Competence scale is a very simple questionnaire that applies to the parents or caregivers of a child or adolescent, whose objective is to determine the degree of development of parental competencies that adults use to establish a relationship with the child in care, either as a parent or as a caregiver. The scale groups these competences into four areas: Link, training, protection and reflection. This scale defines three zones to determine the level of competence of the parents: the risk zone, where the parents whose scores are below the reference sample are located; subsequently, the monitoring area is located, where the parents who present scores with percentiles between 30 and 40 are located according to the reference sample. Finally, the optimal zone is defined, where the parents with high scores are located. The social skills scale of Lacunza is a questionnaire that must be applied by parents or caregivers to children between 3 and 5 years old, which measure observable behaviors, which account for the child's social performance during the last three months. This questionnaire is based on other instruments that measure social skills, but makes an adaptation according to the developmental stages of development in preschool children, perfecting three questionnaires according to age: for 3 years the scale presents a composite questionnaire for 12 items; At the age of 4 years, the evaluation is carried out through the development of 12 questions, while for the age of 5 the questionnaire is made up of a total of 15 items. The findings of this research do not match what theoretically would be expected. It is paradoxical that children who have medium social skills have parents with optimal parental skills, while children with high social skills, have parents whose parental skills are located in any of the three ranges (at risk, monitoring and optimal). Another finding is related to children who presented high social skills in the six areas, in turn, their parents registered protective parental competencies in the monitoring area, which leads us to think that there are other factors that can affect in the development of the social skills of minors.

Escala de senso de competência parental (PSOC): evidências de validade e precisão em contexto brasileiro / Parenting sense of competence scale (PSOC): validity and accuracy evidence in brazilian context

O senso de competência parental é definido como expectativas e crenças que o indivíduo tem acerca da sua capacidade para desempenhar o papel parental de forma competente e eficaz, englobando, portanto, características como percepção de autoeficácia e satisfação parental. Este estudo objetivou reunir evidências de validade e precisão da Escala de Senso de Competência Parental (PSOC). Para tanto, participaram da pesquisa 214 mães, com idades entre 18 e 49 anos (M=33,48, DP=5,81), a maioria heterossexual (96,2%) e casada (70,4%). Inicialmente, observou-se a adequação da matriz de dados, cujos resultados demostraram KMO = 0,80 e Teste de Esfericidade de Bartlett significativo [x

The sense of parental competence can be defined as the individual's expectations and beliefs about his / her ability to perform the parental role competently and effectively, thus encompassing characteristics such as perceived self-efficacy and parental satisfaction. This study aimed to gather evidence of validity and accuracy of the Sense of Parental Competence Scale (PSOC). A sample of 214 mothers aged 18-49 (M = 33.48, SD = 5.81), most heterosexual (96.2%) and married (70, 4%). Initially, the adequacy of the data matrix, whose results demonstrated KMO = 0.80 and the Bartlett's Sphericity Test was significant [x

Competência educativa parental: estudo de propriedades psicométricas da escala com amostra brasileira / Parenting sense of competence: a study of the psychometric properties of the scale with a Brazilian sample / Competencia educativa parental: estudio de las propiedades psicométricas de la escala con una muestra brasileña

O Questionário de Autoavaliação da Competência Educativa Parental (QACEP) é um instrumento que tem por objetivo avaliar a percepção de competência dos pais em suas funções. No Brasil, sua utilização é escassa e o objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as propriedades psicométricas do QACEP. Foi utilizada uma amostra de 151 mães e pais, a maioria com nível de escolaridade até o ensino médio e renda até dois salários mínimos. A análise fatorial confirmatória do modelo proposto com dois fatores - a percepção de eficácia e de satisfação - revelou bom ajustamento global aos dados recolhidos. Análises posteriores revelam que a satisfação parental aumenta com a idade dos pais, com o nível de escolaridade e salário auferido. Tendo em conta os diversos processos de validação conduzidos, recomenda-se o uso dessa versão do QACEP na investigação e prática clínica com pessoas de baixa renda no Brasil. (AU)

The Self-Assessment Questionnaire for Parental Educational Competency (PEC-SAQ) is an instrument that aims to evaluate the perception of parental competence in its functions. In Brazil, it is scarcely used and the objective of this research is to analyze the psychometric properties of PEC-SAQ. A sample of 151 mothers and fathers was used, the majority with education level up to high school and income up to two minimum wages. Confirmatory factor analysis of a proposed two-factor model (perception of efficacy and satisfaction) revealed a good overall adjustment to the data collected. Later analyses revealed that parental satisfaction increases with the parents' age, with the level of schooling and salary earned. Taking into account the different validation processes conducted, it is recommended to use this version of PEC-SAQ in research and clinical practice with low-income people in Brazil. (AU)

El Cuestionario de Autoevaluación de Competencia Educativa Parental (QACEP) es un instrumento que tiene por objetivo evaluar la percepción de competencia de los padres en sus tareas. En Brasil, su utilización es escasa y el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las propiedades psicométricas del QACEP. Se utilizó una muestra de 151 madres y padres, la mayoría con nivel de escolaridad hasta Enseñanza Secundaria y una renta media familiar hasta dos salarios mínimos. El análisis factorial confirmatorio del modelo propuesto con dos factores - Eficacia y Satisfacción - mostró buen ajuste global a los datos recogidos. Análisis posteriores revelan que la satisfacción parental aumenta con la edad de los padres, con el nivel de escolaridad y con los ingresos familiares. Se recomienda el uso de esta versión del QACEP en la investigación y práctica clínica con personas de bajos ingresos en Brasil. (AU)

Validación de la "escala de competencia parental percibida versión padres (ECPP-P)" para el cuidado de los hijos / Validation of the Parental Perceived Competence Scale Version parents (CPE-P) for child care

La competencia parental es la capacidad práctica que tienen los padres para cuidar, proteger y educar a sus hijos, y las habilidades que poseen para dar una respuesta adecuada y apropiada a sus necesidades para asi asegurarles un desarrollo suficientemente sano. Objetivo: determinar la validez del instrumento escala de competencia parental percibida versión padre para medir la competencia parental en el cuidado de sus hijos, en los padres de escolares de 1.° a 6.° grado de primaria. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, la escala fue aplicada a 420 padres de escolares de primaria en un colegio nacional de Chacas, Asunción-Ancash, Perú. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, análisis factorial, y pruebas para analizar la validez. Resultados: la escala presenta valores altos de confiabilidad y una buena adeacuación a los datos, lo cual indica que es confiable y válida. A partir del análisis factorial con el método de extracción se propone un nuevo modelo conformado por tres dimensiones, el que posee alta confiabilidad y validez. Conclusiones: la escala competencia parental percibida versión padres constituida por 22 ítems, posee propiedades psicométricas adecuada, por lo que se le considera un intrumento válido para evaluar el constructo "competencia parental".

Parental competence is the practical ability of parents to care for, protect and educate their children, and the skills you possess to give an adequate and appropriate response to their needs and assure a sufficiently healthy development. Objetive: To determine the validity of the instrument scale version parents perceived parental competence to measure parental competence in caring for their children, parents of school from 1 st to 6th grade. Material and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed; the scale was administered to 420 parents of primary school children in a national association of Chacas, Asunción-Ancash, Peru. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and testing to analyze the validity was used. Results: The scale shows high values of reliability and a good fit to the data, indicating that it is reliable and valid. From the factor analysis extraction method with a new model consists of three dimensions, which has high reliability and validity is proposed. Conclusions: Perceived parental competence scale version consists of 22 items parents, has adequate psychometric properties, so it is considered a valid tool for assessing the construct "parental competence".

Las Competencias Parentales en contextos de desplazamiento forzado / Parental competence in forced displacement contexts

En este artículo se presenta el concepto de Competencias Parentales y se revisan sus desarrollos actuales y posibles aplicaciones en situaciones de riesgo psicosocial, especialmente en la situación de desplazamiento forzado. Se basa en un enfoque de la resiliencia que explica cómo las capacidades de las personas se activan en condiciones de adversidad; así mismo, la parentalidad sana puede resurgir en circunstancias difíciles cuando de proteger a los más pequeños se trata. Se hace una revisión del término "parentalidad", sus cambios y transformaciones de acuerdo con los contextos donde esta se despliega. Es imprescindible incluir una línea temática de promoción de las competencias de los padres en los programas de desarrollo familiar en contextos de riesgo. La revisión sobre estrategias de evaluación en intervención de la competencia parental sirve de guía para la promoción de los buenos tratos a la infancia.

The concept of parental competence is presented in this article, revising its current development and possible applications in risky psychosocial situations, especially in forced displacement situation. It is based on the resilience approach that explains how people's capacities are activated on adverse conditions; so does sane parenting can come out in difficult times when it is about protecting the youngest. A revision of the term parenting is done, its changes and transformations according to the contexts it is spreaded. It is vital to include a promotion thematic line on parents' competences in the family development programs in risky contexts. The revision about evaluation and intervention strategies of parental competence serves as a guide for promoting a good treatment to children.