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Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID?19) pandemic affected the in?person rehabilitation/habilitation services in families with children with cerebral visual impairment (CVI) in India. This study aimed to develop a structured and family?centered telerehabilitation model alongside conventional in?person intervention in children with CVI to observe its feasibility in the Indian population. Methods: This pilot study included 22 participants with a median age of 2.5 years (range: 1–6) who underwent a detailed comprehensive eye examination followed by functional vision assessment. The visual function classification system (VFCS) was administered to the children and the structured clinical question inventory (SCQI) to the parents. Every participant underwent 3 months of telerehabilitation including planning, training, and monitoring by experts. At 1 month, the parental care and ability (PCA) rubric was administered to the parents. After 3 months, in an in?person follow?up, all the measures were reassessed for 15 children. Results: After 3 months of Tele?rehabilitation there were significant improvements noted in PCA rubric scores (P<0.05). Also, statistically significant improvements were noted in functional vision measured using SCQI and VFCS scores (P<0.05) compared to baseline. Conclusion: The outcomes of the study provide the first steps towards understanding the use of a novel tele?rehabilitation model in childhood CVI along?side conventional face?to?face intervention. The added role of parental involvement in such a model is highly essential.
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RESUMO O envolvimento parental na escola é um construto que engloba diferentes comportamentos e atitudes, de carácter multidimensional, envolvendo todas as práticas parentais desenvolvidas pela família, desde os bons hábitos de estudo e a comunicação com a escola, até iniciativas que visam o sucesso escolar dos filhos. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram analisar as perceções, tanto de pais como dos filhos, sobre o envolvimento dos pais no contexto escolar dos filhos e comparar a perceção de pais e filhos sobre esse aspeto. Participaram neste estudo 526 famílias e utilizou-se o Questionário de Envolvimento Parental para recolha de dados. Pais e alunos descreveram um elevado envolvimento parental no contexto escolar. Todavia, verificou-se a existência de diferenças significativas entre as duas perspetivas. Estes resultados possibilitam uma reflexão sobre as tendências, desafios e implicações deste conceito, sendo discutidas as suas implicações para a prática e para a investigação.
RESUMEN El envolvimiento parental en la escuela es un constructo que engloba distintos comportamientos y actitudes, de carácter multidimensional, abarcando todas las prácticas parentales desarrolladas por la familia, desde los buenos hábitos de estudio y la comunicación con la escuela, hasta iniciativas que tengan el objetivo el éxito escolar de los hijos. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron analizar las percepciones, de padres y de los hijos, sobre el envolvimiento de los padres en el contexto escolar de los hijos y comparar la percepción de padres e hijos sobre ese aspecto. Participaron en este estudio 526 familias y se utilizó el Cuestionario de Envolvimiento Parental para la recolecta de datos. Padres y alumnos describieron un elevado envolvimiento parental en el contexto escolar. Sin embargo, se percibió la existencia de diferencias significativas entre las dos perspectivas. Estos resultados posibilitan una reflexión sobre las tendencias, desafíos e implicaciones de este concepto, siendo discutidas sus implicaciones para la práctica y para la investigación.
ABSTRACT Parental involvement at school is a construct that encompasses different behaviours and attitudes. Being multidimensional, it involves all the parental practices developed by the family, from study habits and communication with the school to initiatives aimed at the child's success at school. This study aims to analyse not only parents' perceptions of their own involvement with their children's school, but also their children's perceptions of their involvement with their school. It also explores the comparison between parents' and children's perceptions of perceived parental involvement. A total of 526 families took part in this study and the data was collected using the Parental Involvement Questionnaire. Both parents and children perceived a high level of parental involvement with the school, but there were significant differences between their perceptions. These results make it possible to reflect on the trends, challenges and implications of this concept, presenting the implications for practice and research.
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Resumen El presente estudio busca obtener evidencias de validez y confiabilidad de la Escala de Involucramiento Parental: Actividades de cuidado y socialización en una muestra de padres peruanos de niños y niñas preescolares. Para ello, se realizó una traducción y armonización del lenguaje del instrumento a partir de su versión en inglés al español, para luego aplicar la nueva versión a un grupo de 420 padres y 420 madres de niños y niñas de cinco ciudades. La evidencia de la estructura interna se evaluó a través de un análisis factorial confirmatorio multigrupo, utilizando el método de máxima verosimilitud para examinar la estructura de los 26 ítems originales. Durante el análisis, se procedió a la eliminación progresiva de los ítems con bajas cargas factoriales hasta encontrar un modelo con adecuados indicadores de ajuste [x 2(531) = 822.82; p < .001; x 2/gl = 1.550; GFI = .90; CFI = .95; TLI = .94; RMSEA = .036, IC 90 % = (.031-.041), p close = 1.000, SRMR = .05]. El resultado fue una escala de 18 ítems distribuidos en las cinco dimensiones originales, cada una con confiabilidad por consistencia interna alfa de Cronbach entre .66 y .78 y coeficientes omega entre .70 y .75. La confiabilidad entre evaluadores estuvo entre .67 y .88. Los alcances y limitaciones del estudio son discutidos teniendo en cuenta la importancia de contar con instrumentos de medición del involucramiento paterno, relativo al materno, que consideren las perspectivas de padres y madres en el contexto peruano.
Abstract The present study seeks to obtain validity and reliability evidence of the Parental Involvement Scale: Care and socialization activities in a sample of Peruvian parents of preschool children. For this purpose, the instrument was translated and linguistically harmonized from its English version into Spanish and then applied to a group of 420 fathers and 420 mothers of children from five cities. Evidence of the internal structure was evaluated through a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, using the maximum likelihood method to examine the structure of the original 26 items. Items with low factor loadings were progressively eliminated until a model with adequate fit indicators was found [x 2 (531) = 822.82; p <0,001; x 2 /gl = 1.550; GFI = .90; CFI = .95; TLI = .94; RMSEA = .036, IC del 90% (.031 - .041), p close = 1.000, SRMR = .05]. The result was a18-items scale distributed in the five original dimensions, each with Cronbach's alpha internal consistency reliability between .66 and .78 and Omega coefficients between .70 and .75. Inter-rater reliability was between .67 and .88. The scope and limitations of the study are discussed considering the relevance of having instruments to measure paternal involvement relative to maternal involvement, that consider the perspectives of fathers and mothers in the Peruvian context.
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A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo compreender o envolvimento paterno no contexto do divórcio/separação conjugal na perspectiva do pai separado. Realizou-se um Grupo Focal com seis pais (homens) separados e os dados foram analisados através da análise categorial temática, utilizando-se do software Atlas.ti 5.0 para organização dos dados. A perspectiva sistêmica contribuiu com a compreensão do fenômeno como um processo de transformações contínuas e recursivas, contingentes com a história de interações dos participantes. Emergiram da análise dos dados três categorias: Percepções do pai sobre o seu envolvimento com a criança; Características do envolvimento paterno do pai separado e Construção da paternidade no pós-divórcio. Os resultados demonstraram relações de interdependência entre fatores individuais, relacionais e contextuais.
The present research aimed to understand paternal involvement in the context of divorce/separation from the perspective of the separated father. A Focal Group with six separated fathers (men) was carried out and the data were analyzed through the thematic categorical analysis using Atlas.ti 5.0 software for data organization. The systemic perspective contributed to the understanding of the phenomenon as a process of continuous and recursive transformations, contingent on the history of interactions of the participants. Three categories emerged from the data analysis: Perceptions of the father about his involvement with the child; Characteristics of parental involvement of the separated father and Post-Divorce Construction of Paternity. The results showed relationships of interdependence between individual, relational and contextual factors.
La presente investigación tuvo por objetivo compreender la participación paterno en el contexto del divorcio/separación conyugal en la perspectiva del padre separado. Se realizo un Grupo Focal con seis padres (hombres) separados y los datos fueron analizados a través del análisis categorial temático, utilizando el software Atlas.ti 5.0 para la organización de los datos. La perspectiva sistémica contribuyó com la comprensión del fenómeno como um proceso de transformaciones continuas y recursivas, contingentes con la historia de interacciones de los participantes. Se emergieron del análisis de los datos três categorías: Percepciones del padre sobre su implicación com el niño; Características de la participación paterno del padre separado y Construcción de la paternidade en el pos-divorcio. Los resultados demostraron relaciones de interdependencia entre factores individuales, relacionales y contextuales.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Paternity , Divorce , Family Characteristics , Father-Child Relations , Data AnalysisABSTRACT
Resumo. Objetivo. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi compreender como a coparentalidade, o envolvimento parental e as práticas parentais influenciam a dinâmica de famílias binucleares. Método. Realizou-se uma busca nas bases de dados PsycINFO, Web of Science e BVSPsi, que resultou em 17 artigos científicos. Os estudos foram analisados criticamente em relação às características metodológicas e aos principais resultados. Resultados. Em linhas gerais, observou-se que a coparentalidade e o envolvimento parental associam-se com diversos fatores de proteção à saúde psicológica dos pais e das crianças após o divórcio, em consonância com dados encontrados com famílias intactas/nucleares. Não foram encontradas pesquisas sobre práticas parentais dentro dos critérios de busca estabelecidos. Discutem-se possíveis vieses e indicações para futuras investigações e intervenções com famílias binucleares.
Abstract. Objective. The objective of this systematic review was to understand how coparenting, parental involvement, and parenting practices influence the dynamics of binuclear families. Method. A search was carried out in the PsycINFO, Web of Science, and BVSPsi databases, which resulted in 17 scientific articles. The studies were analyzed critically concerning the methodological characteristics and the main results. Results. In general, it was observed that coparenting and parental involvement are associated with several factors that protect the psychological health of parents and children after divorce, in line with data found with intact/nuclear families. No research was found on parenting practices within the established search criteria. Possible biases and indications for future investigations and interventions with binuclear families are discussed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Parent-Child Relations , Divorce , Family ConflictABSTRACT
Este estudo investigou a relação entre coparentalidade, envolvimento parental e práticas parentais no contexto de pais e mães de famílias binucleares com crianças de três a seis anos. Foi realizado um levantamento de dados quantitativo e transversal com 45 participantes (24 mães e 21 pais). Foram constatados baixos escores na coparentalidade de pais e mães, principalmente nas dimensões acordo coparental, suporte e divisão do trabalho. Tanto pais quanto mães apresentaram bons níveis de envolvimento parental. Além disso, nem os baixos escores da coparentalidade e nem a alta sabotagem referida pelos pais influenciou o envolvimento paterno global. Baixos escores na divisão do trabalho da coparentalidade associaram-se ao maior envolvimento materno e ao exercício de práticas parentais negativas, tanto por parte de mães quanto de pais. Tais achados reforçam a necessidade de práticas de intervenção voltadas às famílias binucleares brasileiras, a fim de ajudá-las a promover relações saudáveis para a criança e para a família como um todo. (AU)
This study investigated the relationship between coparenting, parental involvement and parenting practices in the context of parents of binuclear families with children aged from 3 to 6 years. A quantitative and cross-sectional data survey was carried out, with 45 participants (24 mothers and 21 fathers). Low scores on father's and mother's coparenting were found, especially in the coparent's agreement, support and division of labor dimensions. Both parents showed good levels of parental involvement. Moreover, neither the low coparenting scores nor the high sabotage reported by parents influenced overall paternal involvement. Low scores on the coparenting division of labor were associated with increased maternal involvement and negative parenting practices by both mothers and fathers. These findings reinforce the need for intervention practices aimed at Brazilian binuclear families, in order to help them promote healthy relationships for the child and the family as a whole. (AU)
Este estudio investigó la relación entre coparentalidad, envolvimiento parentaly prácticas parentales en el contexto de padres y madres de familias binucleares con niños de 3 a 6 años. Se realizó una encuesta cuantitativa y transversal de datos, con 45 participantes brasileños (24 madres y 21 padres). Se encontraron puntajes bajos en la coparentalidad de padres y madres, especialmente en el acuerdo coparental, el apoyo y la división de las dimensiones laborales. Tanto los padres como las madres presentaron buenos niveles de envolvimiento parental. Además, ni los puntajes bajos de coparentalidad ni el alto sabotaje reportados por los padres influyeron en la participación paterna global. Los puntajes bajos en la división del trabajo de coparentalidad se asociaron con una mayor participación materna y prácticas negativas de crianza por parte de madres y padres. Estos hallazgos refuerzan la necesidad de prácticas de intervención dirigidas a familias binucleares brasileñas, para ayudarlas a promover relaciones saludables para el niño y la familia en general. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adult , Parenting , Mothers , Parents , Child Rearing , FathersABSTRACT
O presente estudo envolveu a participação de 313 professores de oito municípios da região do Alentejo e procurou analisar: I) tipos de práticas de envolvimento parental mais recorrentes nas escolas; II) atividades promovidas para o envolvimento dos encarregados de educação (EE); III) barreiras ao envolvimento dos EE; IV) aspectos que podem melhorar esse envolvimento. As práticas recorrentes para envolver os EE são as do Tipo 2, 4, 5 e 6.; é identificada como atividade comum para o envolvimento dos EE, a realização de festas e como barreiras, a indisponibilidade do EE para acompanhar o educando ou para se comunicar com a escola. Para a melhoria do envolvimento parental, sugere-se o desenvolvimento de projetos e atividades que propiciem a comunicação escola/família.
The present study involved the participation of 313 teachers from eight municipalities in the Alentejo region and examined: I) The most common types of parental involvement in schools; II) Activities aiming to involve parents; III) Barriers to parents involvement; IV) Aspects to improve this involvement. The most common practices to involve parents are those of Type 2, 4, 5 and 6; parties are identified as common activities for the involvement of parents; as barriers, their unavailability to accompany the learner or to communicate with the school; in order to improve parental involvement, projects and activities have been developed to enhance school/family communication.
En el presente estudio participaron 313 profesores de ocho concejo de la región de Alentejo (Portugal) y tuvo como objetivo analizar: I) Tipos de prácticas participativas más recurrentes de los padres en las escuelas; II) Actividades para promover la participación de los tutores (EE); III) Barreras para la participación de los EE; IV) Aspectos que pueden mejorar dicha participación. Las prácticas recurrentes para involucrar a los EE son las del Tipo 2, 4, 5 y 6; se identifican como actividades comunes para la participación de los EE la celebración de fiestas; como barreras se presentan la no disponibilidad de los EE para acompañar al educando o para establecer comunicación con la escuela. Para mejorar la participación de los padres se desarrollan proyectos y actividades de modo de optimizar la comunicación entre la escuela y la familia.
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Objetivos: identificar a estrutura e os conteúdos da representação social do pai acerca da alimentação e do aleitamento materno exclusivo e analisar as relações estruturais entre essas representações. Método: estudo qualitativo, fundamentado na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Realizado na maternidade de um hospital universitário ao sul do país, com 54 pais. Coletaram-se os dados por evocações com os termos indutores alimentação do bebê e aleitamento materno exclusivo e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Trataram-se os dados pelo software EVOC e análise de contéudo. pesquisa aprovada com parecer nº 71/2016. Resultados: a palavra aleitamento materno figurou no núcleo central de ambos os termos indutores. Em relação ao aleitamento materno exclusivo, ainda constaram as palavras essencial e exclusivo, demonstrando o aspecto inerente à saúde. Conclusão: a representação dos pais teve como influência os significados de práticas culturais, todavia eles reconhecem o aleitamento materno além do aspecto nutricional, ou seja, valorizam a esfera afetiva dessa prática.
Objectives: to identify the structure and content of fathers' social representations of feeding and exclusive breastfeeding, and to analyze the structural relationships among these representations. Method: this qualitative study, based on Social Representations Theory, was conducted with 54 fathers on the maternity ward of a university hospital in south Brazil. Data collected through evocations from the stimulus-terms 'baby feeding' and 'exclusive breastfeeding', and semi-structured interviews, were treated using EVOC software and contextual analysis. The study was approved in Opinion No. 71/2016. Results: the word 'breastfeeding' appeared in the central nucleus of both stimulus-terms. In relation to 'exclusive breastfeeding', the words 'essential' and 'exclusive' were still present, demonstrating that his was inherent to health. Conclusion: fathers' representations were influenced by the meanings of cultural practices, but they acknowledge breastfeeding beyond its nutritional aspects, that is, they value the affective dimension of this practice.
Objetivos: identificar la estructura y los contenidos de la representación social del padre sobre la alimentación y la lactancia materna exclusiva y analizar las relaciones estructurales entre estas representaciones. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo basado en la teoría de las representaciones sociales. Realizado en la maternidad de un hospital universitario al sur del país, con 54 padres. Se obtuvieron los datos por evocaciones con los términos inductores alimentación del bebé y lactancia materna exclusiva y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los datos se han procesado con el software EVOC y análisis de contenido. Investigación aprobada con dictamen Nº 71/2016. Resultados: la palabra lactancia materna estaba presente en el núcleo central de ambos términos inductores. Respecto a la lactancia materna exclusiva constaron las palabras 'esencial y exclusivo', lo que demuestra el aspecto inherente a la salud. Conclusión: la representación de los padres tuvo la influencia de los significados de prácticas culturales, sin embargo reconocen la lactancia materna más allá del aspecto nutricional, es decir, valoran la esfera afectiva de esta práctica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Paternal Behavior , Breast Feeding , Neonatal Nursing , Infant Nutrition , Father-Child Relations , Brazil , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Qualitative Research , Milk, HumanABSTRACT
Resumen El artículo analiza el involucramiento parental basado en el hogar como práctica de crianza asociada al desempeño académico de los adolescentes. A través de la revisión sistemática de estudios con resultados empíricos en seis bases de datos, se presenta la influencia multidimensional del involucramiento parental en el hogar -expresado como monitoreo, apoyo, comunicación, instrucción, socialización académica y disposición de recursos-. Los hallazgos reportados sugieren el lugar relevante de las creencias parentales, el apoyo y la comunicación, para comprender el efecto del involucramiento parental en las trayectorias de desempeño académico durante la adolescencia. De igual forma, se manifiesta la importancia de interpretar dichos efectos con la mediación de diferentes factores personales de los adolescentes.
Abstract The article analyzes home-based parental involvement as a child-rearing strategy associated with the academic performance of adolescents. Through a systematic review of studies with empirical results in six databases, this article shows the multidimensional influence of parental involvement -expressed in monitoring, support, communication, instruction, academic socialization, and availability of resources- at home. The reported findings suggest that parents' beliefs, support, and communication are relevant in order to understand the effect of parental involvement on adolescents' academic performance. It is, nevertheless, important to interpret these effects with the mediation of different adolescents' personal factors.
Resumo O artigo analisa o envolvimento parental baseado no lar como prática de criação associada ao desempenho académico dos adolescentes. Através da revisão sistemática de estudos com resultados empíricos em seis bases de dados, apresenta-se a influência multidimensional do envolvimento parental - expressado como monitoramento, apoio, comunicação, instrução, socialização académica e disposição de recursos - no lar. As descobertas reportadas sugerem o lugar relevante das crenças parentais, do apoio e da comunicação para compreender o efeito do envolvimento parental nas tra-jetórias de desempenho académico durante a adolescência. Da mesma forma, manifesta-se a importância de interpretar tais efeitos com a mediação de diferentes fatores pessoais dos adolescentes.
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La inmigración a los Estados Unidos conlleva para las familias latinoamericanas una serie de desafíos y adversidades así como múltiples oportunidades y beneficios. Desde esta perspectiva, el objetivo de la investigación que se informa fue analizar el impacto que tiene este proceso de adaptación en el involucramiento parental y la autoeficacia materna de las mujeres inmigrantes latinoamericanas que residen en los Estados Unidos. En este estudio participaron 14 mujeres provenientes de cinco países latinoamericanos. Los principales hallazgos muestran que las participantes tuvieron que adaptarse a las tradiciones, leyes y normas de convivencia imperantes en los Estados Unidos. Con respecto a sus expectativas, las participantes describieron el deseo de obtener un trabajo bien remunerado para poder satisfacer las necesidades básicas de su familia así como proveer a sus hijos de una buena educación. Entre las principales adversidades se encuentran el idioma, el estatus migratorio y la separación de sus familiares. En contraste, diversos beneficios tales como la educación de los hijos y la información profesional que recibieron han sido determinantes en su involucramiento parental. De la misma manera, las participantes enfatizaron la importancia de diversos recursos que han encontrado en el país de residencia entre los que se encuentran el apoyo recibido del gobierno norteamericano, los cursos en los que han participado y el apoyo social brindado por otras familias latinoamericanas. Los resultados de la investigación permiten concluir que a pesar de los muchos obstáculos a los que se enfrentan, todas las participantes mencionaron contundentemente que el haber inmigrado a los Estados Unidos ha enriquecido su experiencia como madres.
The process of immigration involves multiple challenges and barriers as well as benefits and opportunities. Each year, innumerable Latin American families immigrate to the United States of America seeking employment, medical care, or education for their children. The purpose of this qualitative research was to explore the effects of the process of acculturation in the parental involvement and maternal self-efficacy among Latin American immigrant mothers living in the United States. In order to achieve this objective, four research questions were formulated: (1) Whatis the description that Latin American immigrant women express about their own process of acculturation? (2) What are the changes these women have experienced during their acculturation process to the United States of America? (3) How Latin American immigrant mothers are involved in the academic, emotional, social, and behavioral development of their children (4) What are the perceptions that Latin American immigrant women have about their abilities and resources as mothers? In the present study, 14 women from five different Latin American countries participated in qualitative interviews. Participants' narratives were analyzed using the Consensual Qualitative Research method proposed by Hill, Thompson and Williams. After having analyzed all transcripts, five main themes were identified: (1) Adaptation, (2) Expectations, (3) Challenges, (4) Benefits, and (5) Resources. Results shows that participants had to adapt their behavior and ideas to the current American traditions, laws, and norms. Regarding participants' expectations, they talked about how one of their main expectations was to obtain an employment with which they could satisfy their basic needs and provide a good educational level to their children. Immigrants experience multiple obstacles; for instance, lack of employment and health services, legal status, changes in family functioning, separation from family, discrimination, fear of deportation, intergenerational conflicts, and language proficiency. Besides these external barriers and challenges, Latin American immigrants are affected by internal challenges with possible negative consequences, such as intimate partner violence, despondent moods, loneliness, feeling of inadequacy, gender inequality, stress, anxiety, and alcoholism. In this study, the main barriers these participants had to cope were their immigration status, separation from their families, and language proficiency. In contrast, these participants had several benefits as a result of their decision to immigrate to the United States of America such as economic resources, their children's education, and professional information they received that helped them improve their maternal skills. In consequence, they have been able to develop their maternal skills and spend quality time with their children. All participants in this research emphasized that these benefits have been determinant for their parental involvement. The last factor related to their maternal experience was the resources they have found in the United States of American. Participants talked about the support they have received from the American government, formal and informal knowledge about how to become a better mother, and the social support provided by other Latin American families. In general terms, immigrants experience better life conditions when they have a network of relatives and friends previously established in the receiving country. Consequently, they have more opportunities for a successful relocation in the new region. The importance of social support is related to the presence of these networks which provide any kind of support when necessary. In particular, due to this support, these participants have had a better adaptation to their new life. In conclusion, this research reveals that in spite of multiple challenges Latin American immigrants have to cope, all participants concluded that after immigrating to the United States of America their competence and involvement as mothers have increased.
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Resumo Este estudo buscou desenvolver um modelo teórico do envolvimento parental na carreira de ginastas rítmicas e analisar os atributos que levam à autorrealização esportiva. Participaram 15 ex-ginastas e 20 parentes, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada retrospectiva. Foi feita análise indutiva do perfil idiográfico. Os resultados evidenciaram o envolvimento paterno e materno com apoio emocional e financeiro. Contudo, as mães tendem a prestar um apoio diário e constante, enquanto os pais apoiam mais por meio de apoio financeiro e material. As ex-atletas destacaram que aspectos físicos, motores e psicológicos contribuíram para alcançar o alto rendimento. O envolvimento familiar e os atributos pessoais da atleta demonstraram ser determinantes na autorrealização esportiva.
Abstract This study aimed to develop a theoretical model of parental involvement in the sporting career among Rhythmic Gymnastics athletes and analyze the attributes that lead to sports self-realization. 15 former gymnasts and 20 parents answered a retrospective semi structured interview. Inductive analysis using idiographic profile was performed. Both parents have shown emotional and financial support, however, mothers tend to provide daily and ongoing support while fathers act more through financial and material support. Former athletes emphasized that physical, motor and psychological aspects contributed to achieving high performance. Family involvement and personal attributes of the athlete have been shown to be determinants of self-realization.
Resumen Este estudio intentó desarrollar un modelo teórico de la participación parental en la carrera de gimnastas de rítmica y analizar los atributos que conducen a la autorrealización deportiva. Participaron 15 ex gimnastas y 20 parentes en una entrevista semiestructurada retrospectiva. Se realizó un análisis inductivo del perfil ideográfico. Los resultados pusieron de manifiesto la implicación paterna y materna con apoyo emocional y económico. Sin embargo, las madres prestan un soporte diario y constante, y los padres apoyan más con un soporte económico y material. Los aspectos físicos, motores y psicológicos de las ex gimnastas contribuyeron a alcanzar un alto rendimiento. La participación familiar y los atributos personales demostraron ser determinantes en la autorrealización deportiva.
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Abstract This study aimed to investigate the internal structure and reliability indices of the Questionnaire d'Engagement Paternel (QEP). It describes the process of cross-cultural adaptation and results of the evaluation of the psychometric proprieties of the instrument. The sample consisted of 300 participants (150 mothers and 150 fathers), who formed two-parent families. The psychometric analyses involved procedures including back translation, factor analysis, and reliability analyses of the instrument. The Brazilian version of the QEP is presented, containing a total of 36 items, divided into five dimensions. Twenty items were excluded, according to statistical and theoretical criteria. The results demonstrated satisfactory evidence of validity of the scale. Considerations regarding limitations of the study and recommendations for use in future research were indicated.
Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a estrutura interna e os índices de confiabilidade do Questionário de Engajamento Paterno (QEP). Propõe-se descrever o processo de adaptação transcultural e os resultados da avaliação das propriedades psicométricas do instrumento. A amostra foi composta por 300 participantes (150 mães e 150 pais), que formavam famílias biparentais. Nas análises psicométricas, foram seguidos procedimentos envolvendo back translation, análise fatorial e análise da confiabilidade do instrumento. Apresenta-se a versão brasileira do QEP, contendo o total de 36 itens, divididos em cinco dimensões. Houve exclusão de 20 itens, conforme critérios estatísticos e teóricos. Os resultados demonstraram evidências satisfatórias de validade e precisão da escala. Considerações sobre limitações do estudo e indicações de uso para pesquisas futuras foram apontadas.
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RESUMEN: Este artículo analiza las aspiraciones y los proyectos educativos postsecundarios de jóvenes estudiantes chilenos, considerando el rol y la incidencia del soporte familiar en este proceso. Las aspiraciones de cursar estudios superiores es una realidad extendida entre los jóvenes, aunque es posible identificar racionalidades diversas asociadas a las opciones formativas y los itinerarios previstos para alcanzar estos objetivos. El entorno familiar juega un rol importante en la construcción del proyecto personal de los estudiantes, existiendo una alta valoración del soporte que estos brindan para el logro de las metas educacionales. Con todo, la experiencia varía en relación a las características de este apoyo para la toma de decisiones individuales, como también en las estrategias de presión o exigencias para el cumplimiento de obligaciones y objetivos en la educación superior, evidenciándose diferencias importantes de acuerdo al nivel socioeconómico de las familias.
RESUMO: Este artigo analisa as aspirações e os projetos educativos pós-ensino médio de jovens estudantes chilenos, considerando o papel e a incidência do suporte familiar nesse processo. O desejo de cursar o ensino superior é uma realidade presente entre os jovens, ainda que seja possível identificar diversas lógicas associadas às opções formativas e aos itinerários previstos para alcançar esse objetivo. O entorno familiar tem um papel importante na construção do projeto pessoal dos estudantes, havendo uma grande valorização do apoio existente para se conquistar as metas educacionais. Contudo, a experiência varia em relação às características de tal apoio para a tomada de decisões individuais, como também em relação às estratégias de pressão ou exigências para o cumprimento de obrigações e objetivos na educação superior, evidenciando-se, assim, diferenças importantes de acordo com o nível socioeconômico das famílias.
ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the aspirations and post -secondary educational projects of Chilean students, considering the role and impact of family support in this process. The aspirations of continuing higher education is a widespread reality among young people, although it is possible to identify various rationalities associated with education options and itineraries foreseen to achieve these objectives. The family environment plays an important role in building the personal project of students, demonstrating a high evaluation of family support for achieving educational goals. However, experience varies in relation to the characteristics of such support for individual decision and the pressure strategies or requirements for the achievement of obligations in higher education, showing significant differences according to socio-economic level of the families.
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Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore fathers' perceptions about their role in the family, and the characteristics of their involvement in their children's lives in the Colombian context. The sample consisted of 12 Colombian fathers. The study used a qualitative methodology, one-hour in depth interviews were conducted with the participants. Results indicated important changes in the role of fathers and mothers in Colombian families. Fathers' perceptions departed to some extent from the traditional pattern attributed to nuclear families, where men are considered as the only economic provider and authority figure in the family. This departure places fathers in a category we would call "in transition", which includes perceptions of more equitable parental roles within the family and a combination of features from other typologies of fatherhood proposed in the literature. Fathers also reported a desire to participate more at home and to be more involved in their children's lives; they also emphasized the importance of expressing love and affection to their children. Work-family conflict and the impact of the quality of the father-child relationship emerged as important categories in the fathers' perceptions of their role and involvement in the family. In Colombia research on fathers is scarce and family policies mainly focus on mothers as the principal caregiver. A better understanding of fathers' roles and involvement in the family and with children will contribute to the development of programs and policies oriented toward all family members and family relationship systems.
Resumen El propósito de este estudio fue explorar las percepciones de los padres sobre su rol en la familia y las características de su involucramiento en la vida de los hijos en el contexto colombiano. La muestra estuvo conformada por 12 padres colombianos. El estudio siguió una metodología cualitativa en la cual se llevaron a cabo entrevistas en profundidad de una hora de duración con los participantes. Los resultados indicaron cambios importantes en el rol de los padres y las madres en las familias colombianas. Las percepciones de los padres se alejaron en alguna medida del patrón tradicional atribuido a las familias nucleares en las cuales los hombres son considerados como los proveedores exclusivos y las figuras de autoridad de la familia. Esta separación ubica a los padres en una categoría que nosotros llamaríamos "en transición", la cual incluye percepciones de roles parentales más equitativos dentro de la familia y una combinación de rasgos de otras tipologías de la paternidad propuestos en la literatura. Los padres también reportaron un deseo por participar más en sus hogares y por estar más involucrados en la vida de sus hijos. Adicionalmente, ellos enfatizaron en la importancia de expresar amor y afecto a sus hijos. El conflicto entre el trabajo y la familia y el impacto de la calidad de la relación padre-hijo emergieron como categorías fundamentales en las percepciones de los padres sobre su rol e involucramiento en la familia. En Colombia, la investigación sobre los papás es escasa y las políticas de familia se centran principalmente en las madres como cuidadoras principales. Una mayor comprensión del rol de los papás y de su involucramiento en la familia y con los hijos contribuirá al desarrollo de programas y las políticas orientadas hacia todos los miembros de la familia y hacia los diferentes sistemas de relación en el contexto familiar.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Paternity , Gender Identity , Paternal Behavior , Colombia , Gender-Inclusive PoliciesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study examined structural relationships between parenting stress and mothers' relational variables such as marital satisfaction, marital conflict, husbands' parental involvement, and maternal identity. METHODS: A nine-pathway hypothetical model was developed based on literature reviews. Two exogenous variables (marital satisfaction and marital conflict) and three endogenous variables (husbands' parental involvement, maternal identity, and mothers' parenting stress) were included in this model. Participants were 170 mothers of 5~7 month old children who visited the Public Health Center to be vaccinated between January 19 and March 27, 2015. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations, and structural equation modeling with PASW/WIN 22.0 and AMOS 22.0. RESULTS: The model fit indices for the modified model were suitable for the recommended level. Among mothers' relational variables, maternal identity, marital conflict, and husbands' parental involvement directly influenced mothers' parenting stress. Marital satisfaction did not have a direct and indirect influence on mothers' parenting stress, however, it directly affected maternal identity and husbands' parental involvement. These predictive variables of mothers' parenting stress explained 56.0% of the model. CONCLUSION: This study expanded the understanding of mothers' parenting stress and can be used to develop effective interventions to decrease stress.
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Child , Humans , Family Conflict , Mothers , Parenting , Parents , Public HealthABSTRACT
Los nuevos escenarios educativos demandantes de calidad y equidad ubican la vinculación familia-escuela en un sitial clave, pues si se da positivamente, tendrá potencialidades de colaboración mutua, favoreciendo aprendizajes significativos en los estudiantes. Esta vinculación es analizada desde una mirada ecosistémica, en la que se van articulando en los distintos ámbitos ecológicos las dimensiones de la escuela, la familia y los aprendizajes. A partir de este análisis, se relevan los procesos de participación parental como instancia estratégica para mejorar los aprendizajes, mejorar el clima escolar y contribuir a la mejora educativa. Finalmente, se presentan algunas estrategias enfocadas en favorecer diversas instancias de participación y se desarrollan algunas consideraciones al momento de diseñar e implementar la estrategia de participación parental en la escuela.
The new educational scenarios asking for quality and equity, are positioning the Family-School relationship as a key piece, because if it develops in a positive way, will be a potential for mutual cooperation, promoting significative learning in the students. This relationship is analyzed from an eco-systemic view, which allows articulated in different ecological levels, the dimensions of: School, Family and Learning. From this analysis comes the Process of Parental Involvement, as a strategic feature to improve learning, the school climate and contribute to the educative improvement. Finally, it presents some strategies targeted to promote diverse instance of participation and it develops some considerations to help design and implement strategy of Parental Involvement in the school.
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Este estudo teve como objetivos comparar a frequência de envolvimento parental, entre pais e mães, e investigar a relação entre a frequência de envolvimento parental, a competência social e o desempenho acadêmico de crianças escolares. Participaram do estudo 12 casais, sendo eles pais de alunos de 2ª série do ensino fundamental, e três professoras dessas crianças. Os casais preencheram o questionário Avaliação do envolvimento parental e, para avaliar o repertório de habilidades sociais, os problemas de comportamento e o desempenho acadêmico das crianças, as professoras responderam ao Social Skills Rating System (SSRS Versão para professores). Foram efetuadas análises estatísticas descritivas, teste-t e de correlação de Pearson. Cinco dos 41 itens avaliados sobre o envolvimento parental as mães realizavam mais frequentemente que os pais. Quanto maior a frequência da participação dos pais nas atividades escolares, culturais e de lazer dos filhos, maior o desempenho acadêmico das crianças. A frequência da participação das mães nas atividades escolares, culturais e de lazer dos filhos estava negativamente correlacionada com o índice de problemas de comportamento externalizantes e positivamente correlacionada com o repertório de habilidades sociais das crianças. Por fim, a comunicação entre mãe e filho estava positivamente correlacionada com o repertório de habilidades sociais das crianças.
This study aimed to compare the frequency of parental involvement among fathers and mothers and investigate the relationship between the frequency of parental involvement, social competence and academic performance of schoolchildren. The study included 12 couples who were parents of students in second grade of elementary school and three teachers of these students. Both parents filled out a questionnaire Parental Involvement Evaluation and to evaluate childrens social skills repertoire, behavior problems and academic performance, the teachers responded to the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS Version for teachers). Were performed descriptive statistics analysis, t-test and Pearson correlation. Five of the 41 items evaluated about parental involvement, mothers realize more often than fathers. Higher the frequency of father participation in childrens school activities, cultural and leisure activities, greater the childrens academic performance. The frequency of mothers participation in childrens school activities, cultural and leisure activities was negatively correlated with the rate of externalizing behavior problems and positively correlated with the childrens social skills repertoire. Finally, the communication between mother and child were positively correlated with the childrens social skills repertoire.
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Humans , Behavior , Child , Child Rearing , Family Relations , Child Development , Psychology, ChildABSTRACT
An intervention study was conducted among students of three randomly selected free primary schools in rural West Bengal to assess the effect of health-nutrition education for behavior modification of parents on nutritional anemia of children. Clinically anemic students were school-wise randomized into 'groups of two' and intervened with anthelminthic, iron-folic acid (IFA) pediatric tablet and health-nutrition education by reoriented teachers. Parents of study group were involved in behavior change processes. Baseline overall prevalence of anemia was 64.4%. After IFA therapy, prevalence of anemia was not found to differ between two groups (χ2 = 2.68, P > 0.05, RR= 0.48, 95% C.I 0.2 < RR < 1.19) while reducing 52.2% of relative risk. Reassessment after six months showed significantly lower prevalence in study group (χ2 = 18.14, P < 0.05, RR = 0.20, 95% C.I. 0.08 < RR < 0.49). Parental involvement for life style and dietary modification may curb childhood anemia.
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Apoiados no modelo ecológico-contextual e no conceito de envolvimento parental, este artigo se propõe a discutir as práticas parentais de pais e mães separados/divorciados com seus filhos. Para tanto, foram pesquisados 234 sujeitos (117 pais/117 mães) com filhos em idade escolar, que responderam o Inventário de Práticas Parentais. Tal instrumento avaliou o envolvimento parental em 5 áreas: envolvimento afetivo, envolvimento didático, envolvimento social, envolvimento disciplinar e responsabilidade. Os resultados evidenciam maior envolvimento materno do que paterno com os filhos após o divórcio, tanto direto (cuidados, interação) quanto indireto (monitoramento, preocupação). A coabitação com a mãe mostrou ser uma variável significativa associada ao maior envolvimento dela em atividades no espaço privado/doméstico, enquanto os pais tiveram maior envolvimento no espaço público/social. Características contextuais (coabitação, freqüência de visitas) e características dos pais (ocupação, escolaridade, questões afetivo-conjugais) mostraram-se fortemente associadas ao envolvimento parental após o divórcio. (AU)
Based on the ecological-contextual model and on the concept of parental involvement, this article proposes to discuss the parental practices of separated/divorced fathers and mothers towards their children. In order to do so, 234 subjects (117 fathers/117 mothers) with children at school were interviewed via the Parental Practices Inventory. Such instrument evaluated the parental involvement in 5 areas: affective involvement, didactic involvement, social involvement, disciplinary involvement and, responsibility. The results showed greater maternal involvement with children after the divorce: direct (care, interaction) and indirect (monitoring, preoccupation). The cohabitation with the mother revealed itself as a significant variable associated to her greater involvement with activities in the private/domestic environment while fathers had greater involvement in the public/social space. Contextual characteristics (cohabitation, frequency of visits) and characteristics of the parents (occupation, education, affective and conjugal issues) showed to be strongly associated with the parental involvement after divorce. (AU)
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Humans , Male , Female , Parent-Child Relations , Divorce/psychology , Child Rearing/psychologyABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a relação entre o envolvimento dos pais na educação dos filhos e o desempenho acadêmico destes. Participaram deste estudo 110 crianças da 4ªsérie do Ensino Fundamental. As crianças preencheram o questionário " Qualidade da interação familiar na visão dos filhos" e foram avaliadas usando-se o Teste de Desempenho Escolar - TDE. Observou-se que quanto maior a freqüência de comunicações entre ambos os pais e seus filhos e a participação de ambos os pais nas atividades escolares, culturais e de lazer dos filhos, melhor o desempenho acadêmico das crianças. Tais resultados sugerem a importância do envolvimento parental no desempenho acadêmico dos filhos e, em caso de déficits nessa área, a necessidade de programas, visando melhorar a qualidade das interações entre pais e filhos.
The relationship between parental involvement in children's education and children's academic performance is provided. A total of 110 (fourth grade children) participated in this study. The children completed the questionnaire " Quality of family interaction according to the children" and were evaluated by the using the School Performance Test (TDE). Results showed that the higher the frequency of mother-and father-child communication and the greater the parents' involvement in the children's school, cultural and leisure activities, the higher the children's academic performance. Results suggest the importance of parental involvement on the children's academic performance. In case of deficits is this area, the urgent need of programs aiming at improving the quality of the interactions between parents and their children, is enhanced.
El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la relación entre el envolvimiento de los padres en la educación de los hijos y el desempeño académico de estos. Participaron de este estudio 110 niños de la 4ªserie de la Enseñanza Fundamental. Los niños rellenaron el cuestionario " Cualidad de la interacción familiar en la visión de los hijos" y fueron evaluados usándose el Teste de Desempeño Escolar - TDE. Se observó que cuanto mayor la frecuencia de comunicaciones entre ambos los padres y sus hijos y la participación de ambos los padres en las actividades escolares, culturales y de lazer de los hijos, mejor el desempeño académico de los niños. Tales resultados sugieren la importancia del envolvimiento parental en el desempeño académico de los hijos y, en caso de déficits en esa área, la necesidad de programas, visando mejorar la cualidad de las interacciones entre padres e hijos.