ABSTRACT
Abstract The construct "parental psychological control" has been used to refer to those parental behaviors that interfere with the children's thoughts and feelings. Examples of this type of behaviors would be inducing guilt or shame as well as the withdrawal of affection. The objective of this study was to validate and adapt the Spanish version of the Psychological Control Scale-Youth Self-Report (PCS-YSR) and the Psychological Control-Disrespect Scale (PCDS) and to analyze if the parental psychological control is defined as one dimension or two dimensions through manipulative and disrespectful behaviors towards adolescents. Also, the unique contribution of parental psychological control in predicting adolescent's self-concept was examined. In two samples of undergraduate university students (the first, N = 367, mean age = 19.8, women=62.7%, men=37.3%, and the second, N= 312, mean age=19.7, women=73.9%, men=26.1%), exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the hypothesized factor structure of the PCS-YSR and the PCDS, for both paternal and maternal ratings. Convergent validity was confirmed by consistent associations between both measures of parental psychological control and other measures of parental autonomy support and parental psychological control. The multi-group analysis confirmed that parental psychological control had a negative influence on self-concept. The results indicated that both scales are useful instruments for assessing parental psychological control.
Resumen El constructo "control psicológico parental" se ha utilizado para referirse a los comportamientos de los progenitores que interfieren con los pensamientos y sentimientos de los niños y niñas. Ejemplos de este tipo de comportamientos son la inducción de culpa o vergüenza, así como la retirada de afecto. Nuestro estudio tuvo como objetivo validar y adaptar la versión española de la Escala de Control Psicológico-Autoinforme Adolescente (PCS-YSR) y la Escala Control Psicológico-Falta de Respeto (PCDS), y analizar si el control psicológico parental se define como una dimensión o dos dimensiones a través de conductas manipuladoras e irrespetuosas hacia los adolescentes. Además, examinamos la contribución única del control psicológico parental en la predicción del autoconcepto del adolescente. En dos muestras de estudiantes universitarios de pregrado (la primera n = 367, edad media = 19.8, mujeres = 62.7%, hombres = 37.3%, y la segunda, n = 312, edad media = 19.7, mujeres = 73.9%, hombres = 26.1%), los análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios confirmaron la estructura factorial hipotética del PCS-YSR y del PCDS, tanto para las puntuaciones paterna como materna. La validez convergente fue confirmada por asociaciones consistentes entre ambas medidas de control psicológico parental y otras medidas de apoyo parental a la autonomía y control psicológico parental. El análisis multigrupo confirmó que el control psicológico de los progenitores influyó negativamente en el autoconcepto. Los resultados indicaron que ambas escalas son instrumentos útiles para evaluar el control psicológico parental.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the mediating role of campus bullying in parental psychological control and middle school students’non-suicidal self-injury. Methods Totally 1 497 students in grade 1, 2 and 3 from four middle schools in Shenyang City were selected by using stratified random cluster sampling method and surveyed with questionnaires. Results The incidence of non-suicidal self-injury was 9.9% in middle school students. Being bullied had some mediating effect between parental psychological and non-suicidal self-injury, the mediating effect accounted for 27.4% of the total effects. Bullying had some mediating effect between parental psychological and non-suicidal self-injury, the mediating effect accounted for 26.4% of the total effects. Conclusion Campus bullying (bullied and bullying) plays a multiple mediating role between parental psychological control and non-suicidal self-injury.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the relationship between parental authority,parental psychological control, parental attachment and medical students' social anxiety, and to provide theoretical guidance for medical students' mental health.Methods 2105 medical students were assessed with the social phobia inventory (SPIN), Parental authority questionnaire (PAQ), Parental psychological control questionnaire, Inventory of parent attachment (IPA).Results The mean SPIN score of social anxiety was 17.75 ± 10.47.Girls scored higher than boys,but there were no statistically significant differences between them( 17.97±10.44 vs 17.29 ± 10.52, t =1.305, P=0.192).Rural medical students scored higher than urban students,and the difference had statistical significance (19.47 ± 10.60 vs 15.85 ± 10.01, t = 7.478, P ＜ 0.01 ).Stepwise regression revealed that, for urban students' anxiety, father communication and mother authoritative/flexible were protective factors, father unconscionable emotional response, mother alienation, father unconscionable viewpoint and mother communication were risk factors; and for rural students' anxiety father communication was protective factor, mother alienation and mother authoritarian were risk factors.Conclusion Factors such as parental authority, parental psychological control and parental attachment will affect medical students' social anxiety.But the factors are not same between urban and rural.So these factors are considered when carrying out health education for parents.