ABSTRACT
Parenteral nutrition - associated liver disease (PNALD)or cholestasis (PNAC)is the main compli-cation of prolonged parenteral nutrition in premature infants. It is characterized by cholestatic jaundice,which is defined as direct serum bilirubin of ≥34. 2 μmol/ L with or without liver enzymes abnormalities,rule out other causes. The risk factors contributing to the incidence of PNALD are premature,low birth weight,the duration of parenteral nutrition (PN),components of PN,sepsis,intestinal disease,genetic susceptibility. Although the damage is frequently mild,and resolves after discontinuation of parenteral nutrition,in some cases it progresses into cirrhotic changes. Ursodeoxycholic acid and lipid emulsions based on fish oil with a high content of long - chain polyunsaturated fatty acids ω - 3 has been proposed to be efficacy. But effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for PNALD have not been established yet. In-novative therapeutic strategies needs to be investigated.