Potential donor sites of the parietal for bone grafting and its relationship to the cephalic index / Sitios donantes potenciales del hueso parietal para injerto óseo y su relación con el índice cefálico

The purpose of the present study was to chart the thickness of the parietal bone and establish its relationship with the cephalic index and sex aiming at improving current knowledge and guidance for obtaining calvarial bone auto-graft material. Both left and right parietal bones of 150 skulls of adult human cadavers classified as either dolicho-, meso-, or brachicephalic, and as either male or female had their thickness measured at 3 levels ­ superior (S), middle (M) and inferior (I) ­ and at 3 points ­ anterior (a), middle (m) and posterior (p) ­ in each level, all evenly laid out. No relevant differences in thickness whether comparing sex or cephalic index was evidenced. The thickest measurements were found at points located at superior and middle levels in middle and posterior positioning ­ Sm, Sp, Mm and Mp ­ with median values ranging from about 5.5mm to 7.13mm. At inferior level and posterior positioning, thickness median values ranged from 4.71 to 5.84mm. Safer harvesting of bone graft material occurs in Sm, Sp, Mm and Mp areas of the parietal bone. Only exceptionally should Ip domain be used, whereas Sa, Ia and Im regions should be considered non-donor sites.

El propósito del estudio fue medir el grosor del hueso parietal y establecer su relación con el índice cefálico y el sexo, con el objetivo de mejorar el conocimiento actual y la orientación para el auto-injerto de material óseo. Fueron estudiados huesos parietales, tanto izquierdos como derechos, de 150 cráneos de cadáveres humanos adultos, de hombres y mujeres, clasificados como dolico-, meso- o braquicefálico; el espesor fue medido en 3 niveles: superior (S), medio (M) e inferior (I) - y en 3 puntos - anterior (a), medio (m) y posterior (p) - en cada nivel, todas uniformemente establecidas. No se observaron diferencias relevantes en el grosor a nivelrespecto del sexo o el índice cefálico. Las mediciones más gruesas se encontraron en los puntos situados en los niveles superior y medio, y en posiciones medias y posteriores - Sm, Sp, Mm y Mp - con valores medianos que oscilaban entre aproximadamente 5,5 mm y 7,13 mm. En el nivel inferior y posicionado posterior, los valores medianos del espesor oscilaron entre 4,71 y 5,84 mm. La recolección más segura del material de injerto óseo ocurre en las áreas Sm, Sp, Mm y Mp del hueso parietal. Sólo excepcionalmente se debe utilizar el dominio Ip, mientras que las regiones Sa, Ia e Im deben considerarse sitios no donantes.

Crown-Rump Length estimation of Human Fetuses by external surface area of Right Parietal bone.

Background: Despite enormous volume of research devoted to the skeletogenous and to the quantitative studies of the developing and mature skeleton, the growth of skull in respect to its surface area is still never been comprehensively studied. Since classical study of Streeter reported gestational age estimation from crown-rump length (CRL), numerous investigators have studied and reported various measures of fetal growth during pregnancy such as biparietal diameter, diaphyseal length of long bones and even cephalometric growth analysis. Present study was done in dried fetal skull bones by calculation of their external surface area and estimation of linear correlation with crown-rump length and hence determination of gestational age. Aim: To establish the correlation between the external surface area of right parietal bone and crown-rump length, to predict fetal age from crown-rump length and circulation of growth rate of right parietal bone. Material and methods: Fifty apparently normal fetuses ranging from 12 cm -42 cm CR length of both sexes were obtained from the Departmen of Obstetrics and Gynecology, of our native hospital. After measuring crown-rump length of each fetal skull after removing brain tissue via foramen magnum was then kept for maceration in running tap water. After complete maceration and separation of right parietal skull bone, measurement of external surface area of right parietal skull bone was obtained using wet cotton cloth, marker pen and graph paper. Results: The regression values were plotted in the graph and these values were found to cluster around the standard straight line and are in hand with the straight line indicating highly significant results. Conclusion: In the present study, CR length was estimated from external surface area of right parietal bone. A definite correlation was observed between external surface area of right parietal bone and CR length.

Stereotactic Hematoma Removal of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage through Parietal Approach

OBJECTIVE: To determine the advantages of parietal approach compared to Kocher's point approach for spontaneous, oval-shaped intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with expansion to the parietal region. METHODS: We divided patients into two groups : group A had burr holes in the parietal bone and group B had burr holes at Kocher's point. The hematoma volume, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, and modified Barthel Index (mBI) score were calculated. At discharge, we evaluated the patients' Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, motor grade, and hospitalization duration. We evaluated the patients' mBI scores and motor grades at 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: The hematoma volume in group A was significantly less than that in group B on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21. Group A had significantly higher GCS scores than did group B on postoperative days 1 and 3. Group A had higher mBI scores postoperatively than did group B, but the scores were not significantly different. No differences were observed for the GOS score, mRS score, motor grade at discharge, or duration of hospitalization. The mBI score of group A at 6 months after surgery was significantly higher, and more patients in group A showed muscle strength improvement. CONCLUSION: In oval-shaped ICH with expansion to the parietal region, the parietal approach is considered to improve the clinical symptoms at the acute phase by removing the hematoma more effectively in the early stages. The parietal approach might help promote the long-term recovery of motor power.

Carcinoma epidermoide cutáneo invasivo a cráneo: reporte de un caso / Invasive squamous cell carcinoma to skull: A clinical case presentation / Carcinoma epidermóide cutâneo a crânio: relato de caso clínico

Dentro del grupo de cáncer cutáneo no melanoma (CCNM), el Carcinoma cutáneo de células escamosas (CE) representa el 25% siendo el segundo más frecuente, con una incidencia a lo largo de la vida del 7 y 11%. El Carcinoma Epidermoide (CE) es más agresivo que el Carcinoma basocelular (CBC). También pueden invadir estructuras profundas, causando significativa destrucción local. Presentamos el caso clínico de una mujer de 71 años que había sido previamente intervenida por diagnóstico anatomopatológico de carcinoma epidermoide de cuero cabelludo moderadamente diferenciado. Posteriormente presentó amplia recidiva local en zona frontal con invasión de diploe craneal y espacio epidural. Fue intervenida quirúrgicamente y el defecto secundario se reparó con colgajo e injertos. La biopsia confirmó bordes libres. Sin embargo un mes después, la paciente presentó invasión del cáncer a techo de la órbita. Se describe el tratamiento quirúrgico realizado por los servicios de Cirugía Plástica y Neurocirugía. Se reporta este caso clínico, ya que la incidencia de cáncer en la piel ha aumentado en los últimos años, por las mayores áreas expuestas al sol y mayor longevidad. Sin embargo su evolución es detenida la mayoría de las veces con un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno, aspectos con los que no contó la paciente, terminando en una excepcional invasión intracraneal, implicación poco frecuente en la práctica clínica.

Within non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) group, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represents 25%, with an incidence over life of 7 to 11%. Epidermoid Carcinnoma is more aggressive than basal cell carcinoma (BCC). It also can invade deep structures, causing significant local destruction. The case of a 71 years old woman, who was previously pathologically diagnosed with moderately differentiated epidermoid carcinoma in the scalp, is reported. There is a high rate of frontal recurrence with invasion to skull and epidural space. Surgery was performed and the secondary defect was repaired with flap and graft. Biopsy showed free edges . However after one month, the patient presented cancer invasion roof of the orbit. The surgical treatment by plastic surgery and neurosurgery is described. The incidence of skin cancer has increased in recent years, because of larger sun-exposed areas and increased longevity. However, its evolution is slowed down most of the times with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, aspects to which the patient had not had access to, ending in exceptional intracranial invasion, rare implication in clinical practice.

No grupo de câncer de pele não melanoma, o carcinoma espinocelular cutâneo (CEC) é responsável por 25 % dos casos e o segundo mais comum, com uma incidência de 7 a 11 %. O CEC é mais agressivo do que o carcinoma basocelular (CBC), também podem invadir estruturas mais profundas, causando destruição local significativa. Relata-se o caso de uma mulher de 71 anos, intervinda cirurgicamente pelo diagnóstico patológico de moderamente diferenciado de carcinoma de células escamosas no couro cabeludo. Apresentou extensa recorrência local na frente posteriormente com invasão da cabeça e o espaço epidural. O defeito secundário foi feito com retalho e enxerto, tomou-se biopsia, confirmaram-se bordes livres pela patologia, porém um mês depois, a paciente presentou invasão do câncer para o teto da orbita. Faz se relato da cirurgia feita por Cirurgia Plástica e Neurocirurgia. A incidência de câncer de pele tem aumentado nos últimos anos, pelas maiores áreas expostas da pele, porém, sua evolução é detida com a avaliação e tratamento atual. O caso clinico apresenta um paciente com diagnóstico e tratamento tardio, com invasão na cabeça excepcional, situação pouco freqüente na pratica clínica.

Comparative study on platelet-rich fibrin and platelet-rich plasma in repair of rabbit parietal bone defect / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To compare the osteogenesis effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and investigate the methods of repairing bone defect with PRF.Methods Four defects measuring 7 mm in diameter were made in the parietal bone of 16 New Zealand white rabbits.The defects named A,B,C,and D and were filled with PRF,PRF-mixed Bio-Oss (BO),PRP-mixed BO,and PRP separately.Every four rabbits were sacrificed at postoperative 2,4,8,and 12 weeks and defects were examined grossly,radiographically,and histologically.Besides,bone mineral density and bone trabecular area were determined and expressed as gray-scale values.Results Newly regenerated bone appeared at all defect areas at postoperative 2 weeks.Thereafter,more bone formations were observed over time and area B demonstrated the best bone healing followed by area C,A,and D in succession.Bone trabecular area in areas A,B,C,and D was 10.95 ± 0.58,15.45 ± 0.79,10.22 ± 0.43,and 6.58 ± 0.64 at postoperative 2 weeks with significant differences in pair comparison (F =22.869,P ＜0.01),followed by some increase at postoperative 4 and 8 weeks.Whereas,bone trabecular area in areas A,B,C,and D increased largely at postoperative 12 weeks (35.09 ± 0.58,59.44 ± 0.60,50.75 ± 1.56,and 30.94 ± 1.19) and showed significant difference when compared in a pair (F =1 002.904,P ＜ O.01).Conclusion PRF is superior to PRP in promoting bone formation,but a much better effect of PRF/BO composite is observed in bone repair.

Epidural Hematoma after Minor Trauma on Patient with Biparietal Osteodystrophy

Thinning of parietal bone bilaterally is extremely rare but well known phenomenon. Approximate prevalence is 0.4-0.5% according to radiological scans, case reports and anthropologic researches. Even though biparietal osteodystrophy occurs mostly in over 60-year-old women, it shows no special association with race or geographical area tendency. Current definition was changed by understanding that is a pathological situation, not an anatomical variety or result of growing old in time. Biparietal osteodystrophy may have an unusual presentation and treatment still remains unclear. We aim to present a patient with biparietal osteodystrophy associated with minor head trauma that caused parietal fracture and epidural hematoma underneath.

Feasibility of combining anterior and posterior fontanelle acoustic windows for median sagittal plane in fetal cranial ultrasound scanning / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective To explore the feasibility of combining anterior and posterior fontanelle acoustic windows for fetal median sagittal plane cranial scanning in prenatal ultrasound.Methods From July 5 to August 25 in 2012,200 pregnant women in Huai'an First Hospital at 22 to 24 gestational weeks accepted transabdominal uhrasonography,with anterior fontanelle,longitudinal suture and posterior fontanelle as acoustic windows to obtain the median sagittal plane.In the mean time,ten aborted or induced fetuses (with malformations or maternal complications) underwent cranial ultrasound with the same acoustic windows.The successful rates of obtaining median sagittal plane were calculated.Data were analyzed by Chi-square test.Results (1) Among the ten aborted or induced fetuses,all median sagittal planes were successfully obtained through anterior,posterior fontanelle,or longitudinal suture alone.(2) Among the 200 cases of prenatal uhrasonography,the successful rate of obtaining median sagittal plane through posterior fontanelle alone was 76.0％(152/200),which was higher than that through anterior fontanelle alone [59.5％ (119/200),x2=12.5,P＜0.01].The successful rate was 95.5％ (191/200) when combining the anterior and posterior fontanelle,which was higher than that through anterior fontanelle or posterior fontanelle alone (x2 =74.3 and 31.1,both P＜0.01).The successful rate of obtaining median sagittal plane through posterior fontanelle was 67.3％ (65/102) in cephalic presentation,which was also higher than that through anterior fontanelle [37.3％ (38/102),x2 =14.3,P＜0.01].The successful rate was 88.8％ (87/98) through posterior fontanelle in non-cephalic presentation,which was similar to that through anterior fontanelle [82.7％(81/98),x2 =1.5,P＞0.05].When both anterior and posterior fontanelle applied,the successful rate in cephalic presentation was 9.8％ (10/102),lower than that in non-cephalic presentation fetuses [71.4％ (70/98),x2 =79.1,P＜0.01].Conclusions The successful rate in obtaining median sagittal plane through posterior fontanelle is higher than that through anterior fontanelle,and might be increased when both anterior and posterior fontanelle were used.

Cranioplastia: parietal versus prótese customizada / Cranioplasty: parietal versus customized prosthesis

INTRODUÇÃO: Os defeitos ósseos da calota craniana ocorrem frequentemente pela perda tecidual relacionada ao trauma ou para tratamento de tumores, sendo a maior causa de deformidade do crânio pós-trauma a craniectomia realizada na intervenção neurocirúrgica para tratamento da injúria cranioencefálica. As principais indicações para a correção dos defeitos cranianos incluem proteção do tecido cerebral, correção estética e melhora clínica, que envolve a pulsação de tecidos moles e a sensação de insegurança relatada pelo paciente. Defeitos extensos da calvária de espessura total são de grande desafio ao cirurgião pelo seu curso complexo, que envolve cirurgias prévias, infecções locais e osteonecrose, que leva à dificuldade na escolha do melhor método reconstrutivo. MÉTODO: Análise retrospectiva dos casos operados entre Janeiro de 2008 e Abril de 2010 para reconstrução da calota craniana realizados no Centro de Cirurgia Crânio-maxilofacial - Instituto Nacional de Traumatologia e Ortopedia (MS). RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 11 pacientes com defeitos extensos de espessura total da calota craniana operados no período, destes 9 foram submetidos a correção com enxerto ósseo autólogo de tábua externa do parietal e 2 com prótese customizada. CONCLUSÃO: O protocolo do nosso centro define que a primeira opção de reconstrução para defeitos extensos da calota craniana de espessura total é o enxerto autólogo de tábua externa do osso parietal sem craniectomia. Nos casos selecionados em que esse método reconstrutivo não pode ser utilizado, a opção é pelo uso de prótese customizada.

BACKGROUND: Cranial bone deformities are most often the result of trauma or extirpation for tumors, and the principal cause of the cranial deformities after cranial trauma is related to the craniectomy realized in neurosurgical approach for the treatment of brain damage. The reconstructive goals in cranioplasty are to provide protection of the brain, restore preinjury appearance and to lead clinical improvement like soft tissue pulsation and the unsafe feeling. Large full thickness skull defects can be quite challenging for the surgeon because of its complexity course which includes previous surgery, local infection and osteonecrosis. These factors lead to the difficult choice of the best reconstructive material. METHODS: A prospective study of the patients treated, from January 2008 to April 2010, for the calvaria reconstruction at Centro de Cirurgia Crânio-maxilofacial - Instituto Nacional de Traumatologia e Ortopedia (MS). RESULTS: Eleven patients with large full thickness skull defects submitted to cranioplasty were analysed. Nine of them were treated with parietal outer table without craniectomy and two were treated with customized prosthesis. CONCLUSIONS: In large full thickness skull defects the first method of reconstruction is the parietal outer table without craniectomy. In selected cases, when this reconstructive method can not be used, the option for the cranioplasty is the customized prosthesis.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor parieto-occipital bone.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a diverse group of lesions first described in lung and later on reported in various sites like stomach, bowel, spleen, bone. We report a case of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in a 30-year-old male who presented with a slowly progressive scalp swelling of two-year duration. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an intradiploic well enhancing lesion in parietal and occipital bone, isointense on T1 weighted images and hypo intense on T2 weighted images with dural enhancement. On histopathological examination, the lesion was composed of variable admixture of spindle cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and inflammatory cells comprising of plasma cells and lymphocytes. The lesion was infiltrating the underlying dura. The spindle cells showed strong positivity for smooth muscle actin on immunohistochemistry. A final histopathologic diagnosis of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor was rendered.

An experimental model for the study of craniofacial deformities / Modelo experimental para o estudo de deformidades craniofaciais

PURPOSE: To develop an experimental surgical model in rats for the study of craniofacial abnormalities. METHODS: Full thickness calvarial defects with 10x10-mm and 5x8-mm dimensions were created in 40 male NIS Wistar rats, body weight ranging from 320 to 420 g. The animals were equally divided into two groups. The periosteum was removed and dura mater was left intact. Animals were killed at 8 and 16 weeks postoperatively and cranial tissue samples were taken from the defects for histological analysis. RESULTS: Cranial defects remained open even after 16 weeks postoperatively. CONCLUSION: The experimental model with 5x8-mm defects in the parietal region with the removal of the periosteum and maintenance of the integrity of the dura mater are critical and might be used for the study of cranial bone defects in craniofacial abnormalities.

OBJETIVO: Desenvolver um modelo experimental em ratos para o estudo de deformidades craniofaciais. MÉTODOS: Foram realizados defeitos ósseos de espessura total com diâmetro de 5 x 8 mm e 10 x 10mm na calota craniana em 40 ratos, machos, NIS Wistar, com peso de 320 a 420 g divididos igualmente em dois grupos. O periósteo foi retirado e a dura-máter mantida intacta. Os animais foram sacrificados na 8ª e 16ª semana de pós-operatório e amostras de tecido ósseo foram extraídas para realização da análise histológica. RESULTADOS: Os defeitos cranianos permaneceram abertos mesmo após 16 semanas após a cirurgia. CONCLUSÃO: O modelo experimental com defeitos de 5x8mm na região parietal, com remoção do periósteo e manutenção da integridade da dura-máter são considerados críticos, e poderá ser utilizado para o estudo dos defeitos ósseos cranianos nas anomalias craniofaciais.

Benign Osteoblastoma Located in the Parietal Bone

Benign osteoblastoma is an uncommon primary bone tumor, extremely rare in calvarium. We present a case of a 25-year-old female with an osteoblastoma of parietal bone which was totally resected. The authors discussed the clinical presentation, radiographic finding, differential diagnosis and management of the benign calvarial osteoblastoma with a review of the literature.

Estudio morfométrico del foramen parietal / Morphometry study of the parietal foramen

Los huesos parietales habitualmente presentan pequeños forámenes, estos en número de dos se encuentran situados próximo de la unión de la sutura sagital con la lambdoidea. Éstos forámenes permiten que venas emisarias drenen en el seno longitudinal superior a venas occipitales y, algunas veces, transmite una pequeña rama de la arteria occipital. Se efectuó un estudio anatómico en 39 calotas, en buen estado de conservación, de individuos adultos, del museo de la Unidad de Anatomía, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile. Se registraron los siguientes datos: presencia del foramen parietal, distancia desde el lambda al foramen parietal y desde el foramen parietal a la sutura sagital, diámetro del foramen parietal. El 58,9% de las calotas presentaban cada uno de los huesos parietales un foramen; el 25,6% presentaba un foramen en un parietal no existiendo en el hueso contralateral; y el 15,3% no presentaba foramen parietal. La distancia promedio del lambda al foramen parietal fue de 33,25 mm; la distancia de la sutura sagital al foramen parietal fue en promedio de 6,29mm; el promedio del diámetro máximo del foramen parietal fue de 2,65mm y el mínimo de 0,37mm. Estos datos anatómicos del foramen parietal aportan nuevos antecedentes para futuros estudios.

The bone parietal foramina usually minor, in these two numbers are located near the junction of the sagittal suture with lambdoidea. These foramina allow emissary veins draining into the superior longitudinal sinus in the occipital veins, and sometimes sends a small branch of the occipital artery. Anatomical studies in 39 cranium, well-preserved, adult, of the Anatomy Museum of the Universidad de La Frontera, Chile was realized. Recorded the following data: presence of the parietal foramen, the distance from the lambda and the parietal foramen parietal foramen to the sagittal suture and diameter of the parietal foramen. The 58.9% of the cranium presented each of the parietal bone foramen, 25.6% had a parietal foramen in a bone in the absence of contralateral and 15.3% had no parietal foramen. The average distance from lambda to parietal foramen was 33.25 mm, the distance from the sagittal suture to the parietal foramen averaged 6.29 mm, the average maximum diameter of the parietal foramen was 2.65 mm and a minimum of 0 , 37mm. These anatomical data provide new parietal foramen of the background for future studies.

Implantes de polietileno poroso em calota de coelho: análise histológica comparativa / Porous Polyethylene Implants in Rabbit Calvarium: Histological Comparasion

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar histologicamente o comportamento de implantes nacionais de polietilenoporoso (Polipore®) e de enxerto ósseo autógeno em defeitos ósseos em osso parietal de coelho. Foram utilizados 20 coelhos, os quais receberam osteotomias parietais bilaterais com o auxílio de uma trefina de 6mm dediâmetro. No Grupo I (GI), a cavidade foi preenchida com enxerto ósseo retirado do lado oposto, e, no GrupoII (GII), a cavidade foi preenchida com Polipore®. Não foram utilizados meios de fixação para os enxertos e implantes. Após 5, 15, 30, 60 e 120 dias, ocorreu a eutanásia dos animais, e as calotas cranianas foram processadas, segundo rotina histológica para coloração em H.E. Observou-se reação inflamatória discreta no(GI) aos 5 dias e moderada no GII, persistindo até aos 30 dias no GII. Os enxertos ósseos apresentaram-se incorporados ao leito receptor aos 120 dias. E somente aos 120 dias, no GII, observou-se presença de tecido conjuntivo no interior dos poros do implante. Concluímos que os enxertos foram eficientes na reparação do defeito ósseo, devido à incorporação ao leito receptor; O Polipore® foi biocompatível, mas não possui quantidadee tamanho de poros adequados para permitir o crescimento fibrovascular no interior do material

The aim of this study was to histologically compare national porous polyethylene implants and autogenous bone graft in cranial vault defects in rabbits. Cranial vaults defects were surgically created with a trephineburr of 6mm diameter in the parietal bones of 20 rabbits. In group I (GI) the bone defects were filled with autogenous bone graft from the contralateral parietal side, and in group II (GII), the bone defects were filledwith Polipore®. The grafts and implants were not fixed on the site. After 5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 days the animals were sacrificed and the cranial vaults were processed according to histological routine for stainingwith H&E. On the 5th day a discreet inflammatory reaction was observed in GI , while in GII, a moderate, inflammatory reaction persisted up to the 30th day. The bone grafts were incorporated to the host bedwithin 120 days. Only then, connective fibrous tissue was observed into the pores of the implant in GII. Bone grafts can efficiently repair bone defects, due to their incorporation into the bone host bed; the Polipore®implant is biocompatible, but does not have the adequate quantity and size of pores to permit fibrovascular tissue ingrowth into the material

Agujeros parientales gigantes: a propósito de un caso / Gigantic parietal holes. Based on a clinical case

Los agujeros parietales ensanchados, también llamados formina parietallia permagna o agujeros parietales gigantes, son un defecto congénito, identificados en el examen físico y confirmados imagenológicamente. Se presenta el caso de un lactante de 2 meses de edad, sin antecedentes personales a destacar, que desde el nacimiento presenta una tumefacción en el cuero cabelludo, a nivel de la fontanela lambdoidea. Se solicitan estudios imagenológicos para completar la valoración del paciente. La patología presentada motiva una serie de diagnósticos diferenciales, que deben ser recordados, los cuales pueden ser descartados fácilmente mediante la tomografía computada con reconstrucción 3D.

Enlarged parietal foramen, also called foramina parietallia permagna or giant parietal foramen, is a congenital defect identified in the physical examination and confirmed with radiological studies.The case of a two month old infant with no relevant past medical history is presented. He had a small scalp tumour, which was evident at the lamboid fontanel since birth. Imaging studies were requested to complete the evaluation of this patient. The above mentioned disease accounts for several differential diagnosis which can be early ruled out through 3D CT scan.

The accuracy of the imaging reformation of cone beam computed tomography for the assessment of bone defect healing / 대한구강악안면방사선학회지

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of the imaging reformation of cone beam computed tomography for the assessment of bone defect healing in rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sprague-Dawley strain rats weighing about 350 gms were selected. Then critical size bone defects were done at parietal bone with implantation of collagen sponge. The rats were divided into seven groups of 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks. The healing of surgical defect was assessed by multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) images and three-dimensional (3-D) images of cone beam computed tomography, compared with soft X-ray radiograph and histopathologic examination. RESULTS: MPR images and 3-D images showed similar reformation of the healing amount at 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 8 weeks, however, lower reformation at 3 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks. According to imaging-based methodologies, MPR image revealed similar reformation of the healing amount than 3-D images compare with soft X-ray image. Among the four threshold values for 3-D images, 400-500 HU revealed similar reformation of the healing amount. Histopathologic examination confirmed the newly formed trabeculation correspond with imagingbased methologies. CONCLUSION: MPR images revealed higher accuracy of the imaging reformation of cone beam computed tomography and cone beam computed tomography is a clinically useful diagnostic tool for the assessment of bone defect healing.

The accuracy of the imaging reformation of cone beam computed tomography for the assessment of bone defect healing / 대한구강악안면방사선학회지

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of the imaging reformation of cone beam computed tomography for the assessment of bone defect healing in rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sprague-Dawley strain rats weighing about 350 gms were selected. Then critical size bone defects were done at parietal bone with implantation of collagen sponge. The rats were divided into seven groups of 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks. The healing of surgical defect was assessed by multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) images and three-dimensional (3-D) images of cone beam computed tomography, compared with soft X-ray radiograph and histopathologic examination. RESULTS: MPR images and 3-D images showed similar reformation of the healing amount at 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 8 weeks, however, lower reformation at 3 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks. According to imaging-based methodologies, MPR image revealed similar reformation of the healing amount than 3-D images compare with soft X-ray image. Among the four threshold values for 3-D images, 400-500 HU revealed similar reformation of the healing amount. Histopathologic examination confirmed the newly formed trabeculation correspond with imagingbased methologies. CONCLUSION: MPR images revealed higher accuracy of the imaging reformation of cone beam computed tomography and cone beam computed tomography is a clinically useful diagnostic tool for the assessment of bone defect healing.

Primary Intraosseous Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of the Skull: A Case Report

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma(MFH) is a rare primary neoplasm that constitutes less than 1% of the malignant tumors of bone, and involvement of the skull is very rare. We present a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the skull, presenting an intraosseous lesion in a 43-yr-old woman. She had a rapidly growing, tender mass in the right parietal region. A plain radiograph showed an osteolytic lesion of the right parietal bone. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the lesion showed heterogeneous low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and slightly high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. No evidence of an extraosseous extension to the adjacent dura and soft tissue was found, and a wide excision of the parietal bone was performed. Histologically, the tumor was a typical MFH displaying pleomorphic spindle cells in a storiform pattern. The results of immunohistochemical stainings revealed that the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, alpha-1-antitryp-sin, and p53, and negative for smooth muscle actin, S100 protein, desmin, and MyoD1. Three months later, a mainly cystic, recurrent mass was developed at the previously operated site. Before the resection, we first performed the percutaneous aspiration cytology, revealing diagnostic multinucleated pleomorphic cells. There-after, she had to receive repetitive resections of recurrent or residual lesions, and she died of postoperative meningoencephalitis two years after the first operation.

Desmoplastic Fibroma of the Skull;A Case Report, Review of the Literature, and Therapeutic Implications

Desmoplastic fibroma(DF) is a rare neoplasm of the bone, and is histologically benign but locally aggressive disease. A total of nine cases of DF involving skull have been reported in the literature, and among these eight are females. In this report, the clinical findings and histopathology of a case with DF of the skull in a male patient is presented with a review of the literature with an emphasis on treatment modalities. A 21-year-old man presented with headache. CT scan revealed a solitary and lytic skull lesion without brain invasion. DF was confirmed by histological evaluation. On immunohistochemical staining of the tumor was negative for estrogen or progesterone receptors. After total resection of tumor with wide surgical margin, there was no recurrence during the 35 months of follow-up period. Although longer follow up period maybe needed, treatment of this type of tumor with complete resection of tumor tissue along with a wide margin may provide long disease-free state compare to the high recurrence rates in DF of other sites.

Regional thickness of parietal bone in korean adults