ABSTRACT
Context: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) causes up to 40% of community-acquired pneumonia in children. It is impossible to identify M. pneumoniae infection on the basis of clinical signs, symptoms, and radiological features. Therefore, correct etiological diagnosis strongly depends on laboratory diagnosis. Aims: This study aims to investigate the role of M. pneumonia e in pediatric lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) employing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and particle agglutination (PA) test. Settings and Design: Two hundred and eighty children, age 6 months to 12 years with community-acquired LRTIs were investigated for M. pneumoniae etiology. Materials and Methods: We investigated 280 children hospitalized for community-acquired LRTIs, using ELISA and PA test for detecting M. pneumoniae immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G antibodies. Statistical Analysis Used: The difference of proportion between the qualitative variables was tested using the Chi-square test and Fischer exact test. P ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Kappa value was used to assess agreement between ELISA and PA test. Results: M. pneumoniae was positive in 51 (23.2%) <5 years and 33 (54.0%) children in ≥5 years of age group, and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Clinical and radiological findings in M. pneumoniae positive and negative groups were comparable. ELISA detected M. pneumoniae in 78 (27.8%) and PA test 39 (13.9%) patients; 33 (84.6%) ELISA positive and 6 (15.4%) ELISA negative. ELISA/PA test together detected M. pneumoniae infection in 84 (30%) children. Conclusions: Our data underline that M. pneumoniae plays an important role in children with community-acquired LRTIs and more particularly in children >5 years of age.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare the sensitivity and specificity of dot immunogold method (DIM) and particle agglutination (PA) for the diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection. Methods The 190 serum specimens of 113 children with mycoplasmal pneumonia (infection group) and 50 serum specimens of 50 health children (health group) were tested for MP by PA and DIM- A and B. Results In infection group, the positive rates of DIM- A and B were 82.63% (157/190) and 84.74%(161/190), and there was no statistical difference (χ2 = 0.31, P>0.05); the positive rate of PA (titer ≥1:160) was 70.00%(133/190), the positive rate of PA was significantly lower than that in DIM-A and B, and there were statistical differences (P0.05); the positive of PA was 8.00% (4/50), the positive rate of PA was significantly lower than that in DIM- A and B, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05 or<0.01). Conclusions Compared with the PA, DIM has low sensitivity and poor specificity for clinical diagnosis. DIM is not suitable for clinical diagnosis of MP infection.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the clinical value of five methods commonly used for the detection of clinical syphilis antibody.Methods A total of 160 confirmed syphilis cases were chosen as the experimental group while 200 non-syphilis cases were set as the control group.Serum specimens were detected by methods as Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA),chemiluminescent microparticle immune assay (CMIA),enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),emulsion method (TP-AD) and toluidine red unheated serum test (TRUST).Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated on five methods.Titers of syphilis antibody in different stages and pre/post on treament among syphilis patients were compared and analyzed under the five methods.Results The sensitivity vs.specificity of TPPA,CMIA,ELISA,TP-AD and TRUST appeared as 100.00％ vs.99.50％,99.38％ vs.99.00％,98.12％ vs.99.00％,94.38％ vs.94.50％ and 85.62％ vs.95.50％,respectively.Among the patients at primary or latent stages,the syphilis antibody positive rate detected by TRUST appeared lower than that detected by ELISA,TPPA,CMIA or TP-AD,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.01).There were no statistical differences in the syphilis antibody positive rate of syphilis patients in the secondary or tertiary stages detected by five methods (P＞0.05).In each stage of the syphilis patients,the syphilis antibody positive rate detected by ELISA or of CMIA combined with TRUST both reached 100.00％.Before and after treatment in 121 cases of confirmed syphilis,there was statistically significant difference in the syphilis antibody positive rate detected by TRUST method (P＜0.05).There was no statistical significance in the syphilis antibody positive rate detected by other four methods (P＞0.05).Conclusions The sensitivity and specificity of TPPA,CMIA and ELISA methods were better.Methods as ELISA or as CMIA combined with TRUST both appeared reliable for syphilis screening in every stage of the disease.TRUST was suitable for the determination of active stage syphilis and monitoring the effects after treatment.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the clinical value of five methods commonly used for the detection of clinical syphilis antibody.Methods A total of 160 confirmed syphilis cases were chosen as the experimental group while 200 non-syphilis cases were set as the control group.Serum specimens were detected by methods as Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA),chemiluminescent microparticle immune assay (CMIA),enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),emulsion method (TP-AD) and toluidine red unheated serum test (TRUST).Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated on five methods.Titers of syphilis antibody in different stages and pre/post on treament among syphilis patients were compared and analyzed under the five methods.Results The sensitivity vs.specificity of TPPA,CMIA,ELISA,TP-AD and TRUST appeared as 100.00％ vs.99.50％,99.38％ vs.99.00％,98.12％ vs.99.00％,94.38％ vs.94.50％ and 85.62％ vs.95.50％,respectively.Among the patients at primary or latent stages,the syphilis antibody positive rate detected by TRUST appeared lower than that detected by ELISA,TPPA,CMIA or TP-AD,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.01).There were no statistical differences in the syphilis antibody positive rate of syphilis patients in the secondary or tertiary stages detected by five methods (P＞0.05).In each stage of the syphilis patients,the syphilis antibody positive rate detected by ELISA or of CMIA combined with TRUST both reached 100.00％.Before and after treatment in 121 cases of confirmed syphilis,there was statistically significant difference in the syphilis antibody positive rate detected by TRUST method (P＜0.05).There was no statistical significance in the syphilis antibody positive rate detected by other four methods (P＞0.05).Conclusions The sensitivity and specificity of TPPA,CMIA and ELISA methods were better.Methods as ELISA or as CMIA combined with TRUST both appeared reliable for syphilis screening in every stage of the disease.TRUST was suitable for the determination of active stage syphilis and monitoring the effects after treatment.
ABSTRACT
Objective To detect serum anti-Treponema pallidum specific antibody of 26 707 cases by Abbott I2000SR auto-matic chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay analyzer,and treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA) was regarded as a standard reference method which was used to detect anti-Treponema pallidum specific antibody.To analyze the false positive rate of Abbott I2000SR according to the TPPA.Methods Collected 26 707 serums from inpatients and outpatients of the hospital during September 1,2013 to March 5,2014.The subjects were asked to fasting conditions taking venous blood 3 ml,3 000 r/min centrifugal 10 min utes after the separation of serum,detected the Anti-TP by CMIA (Ab-bott I2000SR)and the TPPA testing,analyzed test results by statistical methods.Results There were 52 cases detected by I2000SR whose S/CO values of 26 707 cases of serum Treponema pallidum specific antibodies were 1 to 2,of which 9 cases were verified positive by TPPA,and the positive rate was 17.31%.There were 26 cases detected by I2000SR whose S/CO values of Treponema pallidum specific antibodies were 2 to 3,of which 9 cases were verified positive by TPPA,and the posi-tive rate was 34.62%.There were 26 cases detected by I2000SR whose S/CO values of Treponema pallidum specific anti-bodies were 3 to 5,of which 9 cases were verified positive by TPPA,and the positive rate was 34.62%.There were 25 cases detected by I2000SR whose S/CO values of Treponema pallidum specific antibodies were 5 to 7,of which 11 cases were veri-fied positive by TPPA,and the positive rate was 44%.There were 25 cases detected by I2000SR whose S/CO values of Treponema pallidum specific antibodies were 7 to 10,of which 17 cases were verified positive by TPPA,and the positive rate was 68%.There were 28 cases detected by I2000SR whose S/CO values of Treponema pallidum specific antibodies were 10to 13,of which 24 cases were verified positive by TPPA,and the positive rate was 85.71%.There were 23 cases detected by I2000SR whose S/CO values of Treponema pallidum specific antibodies were 13 to 17,of which 20 cases were verified posi-tive by TPPA,and the positive rate was 86.96%.There were 24 cases detected by I2000SR whose S/CO values of Trepone-ma pallidum specific antibodies were 17 to 21,of which 22 cases were verified positive by TPPA,and the positive rate was 91.67%.There were 29 cases detected by I2000SR whose S/CO values of Treponema pallidum specific antibodies were 21 to 26,of which 28 cases were verified positive by TPPA,and the positive rate was 96.55%.There were 104 cases detected by I2000SR whose S/CO values of Treponema pallidum specific antibodies were above 26,of which 104 cases were verified posi-tive by TPPA,and the positive rate was 100%.The total number of positive cases were 364,of which 254 were positive ca-ses,the positive rate was 69.78%.False positive rate was 0.42% and positive predictive value was 69.78%.Conclusion Abbott I2000SR automated chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay analyzer has the feature of automated detection, closed reagents,simple operation,speed,and more accurate results and so on.Although high sensitivity but its results have false positive,so cannot diagnose based on the results of Abbott I2000SR,and need use of the TPPA to test and corroborate.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the application of syphilis detection in the pre-pregnancy eugenics inspection.Methods 12 900 women who attended the national free pre-pregnancy eugenics inspection from March 201 1 to October 2013 were selected as subjects.The treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay(TPPA)and rapid plasma regain test(RPR)were conducted among them before pregnancy,and the results of syphilis detections were recorded and compared.Results In 12 900 women,63 cases (0.49%)were syphilis positive in RPR tests,129 cases(1.00%)were syphilis positive in TPPA test,and 45 cases(0.35%)were syphilis positive both in RPR and TPPA tests.There were significant differences in positive rates of syphilis between that in the RPR test and that in the TPPA test(P <0.05),while no significant differences were found in positive rates of syphilis between that in the RPR test and that in the combined detection of RPR test and TPPA test.There were significant differences in positive rate of syphilis between that in the TPPA test and that in the combined detection of RPR test and TPPA test(P <0.05).The sensitivity of RPR test and TPPA test was 71.4% and 34.9%,respectively.Conclusion Both the RPR test and TPPA test could be the fast and ef-fective method in diagnosis of syphilis.However,RPR test might be more sensitive,which could be widely used in the pre-pregnancy eugen-ics healthy screening.Moreover,the diagnosis results could be confirmed by combination of RPR test and TPPA test.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare the value of four kinds of commonly used serological detection method for detecting Trepone-ma Pallidum,i.e.,Treponema Pallidum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(TP-ELISA),Treponema pallidum particle agglutina-tion test(TPPA),Treponema Pallidum rapid plasma reagin test(RPR)and Treponema Pallidum antibody detection(TP-AD,emul-sion method).Methods 5 870 specimens from outpatients and inpatients were screened by TP-ELISA.121 cases of detected posi-tive specimen were simultaneously detected by TP-AD,TPPA and RPR.Then the detection results were performed the comparative analysis.Results Among 5 870 specimens,121 cases were positive by ELISA,the detection rate was 2.06%.Among 121 positive cases,119 cases were positive by TPPA,the conformity degree was 98.34%,49 cases were positive by RPR,the conformity degree was 40.41%,113 cases were positive by TP-AD,the conformity degree was 93.38%.With the TPPA results as the standard,there was no statistically significant difference between TPPA and TP-AD(P >0.05),but there was statistically significant difference be-tween TPPA and RPR(P <0.01).Conclusion The four kinds of method have their applicability.ELISA d has good specificity and high sensitivity,and is simple to operate and suitable for the physical examination of large amount of pregnant women,parturients and normal people.TPPA has good specificity and high accuracy,is suitable for definite diagnosis.RPR is suitable for the monito-ring and the curative effect observation in the patients with the active stage of siphilis.Compared with ELISA,TP-AD has slightly less sensitivity,but good specificity and can be used for screening without specific instrument.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the most frequent cause of respiratory tract infections in school-aged children and adolescents. M. pneumoniae infection has variable clinical manifestations and is resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, making correct diagnosis important. We evaluated the newly introduced Chorus M. pneumoniae IgM (DIESSE Diagnostica, Italy) assay for early diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection. METHODS: The Chorus M. pneumoniae IgM and particle agglutination (PA) (Fujirebio, Japan) assays were tested on 75 serum specimens from 52 hospitalized children at a tertiary-care hospital between September 2011 and November 2011. A positive PA result was defined as an antibody titer of > or =1:40. The concordance of the Chorus M. pneumoniae IgM and PA results and the correlation of the Chorus M. pneumoniae IgM Index with the PA titer were analyzed. Furthermore, the Chorus M. pneumoniae IgM and PA results (PA-patient positive/negative) based on the clinical cutoff of the PA assay were compared in acute-phase specimens. RESULTS: The concordance rate of the Chorus M. pneumoniae IgM and PA results was 90.7% (kappa value= 0.5), and the Chorus M. pneumoniae IgM Index and PA titer correlated well (Spearman's correlation coefficient, 0.872, P < 0.001). However, 82.6% (19/23) of patients who were negative for M. pneumoniae by PA using the clinical cut-off were Chorus M. pneumoniae IgM-positive. CONCLUSIONS: The Chorus M. pneumoniae IgM assay is convenient and gives objective results. However, to make Chorus suitable for routine laboratory use, additional validation studies are required to determine the criteria for use in convalescent specimens.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Humans , Agglutination , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Child, Hospitalized , Early Diagnosis , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Immunoglobulin M , Mycoplasma , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Pneumonia , Pneumonia, Mycoplasma , Respiratory Tract InfectionsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The two common serological test methods used for initial diagnosis of acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia are particle agglutination assay (PA) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). We compared the differences between the two methods and suggest a test method more suitable for clinical laboratories. METHODS: A total of 35 patients (18 adult and 17 pediatric) performed MP specific antibody test using PA (Serodia-Myco II, Fujirebio, Japan) and EIA (Ani Labsystems, Finland) methods. IgM and IgG antibodies were measured separately by EIA method. PA and both IgM and IgG EIA were tested in 26 patients and PA and IgG-EIA were tested in 9 patients. RESULTS: The concordance rates between PA and EIA were 57.7% for IgM and 65.7% for IgG antibodies. Positive PA results showed better agreement with IgG (77.8%) than IgM (38.9%), while negative PA results showed better agreement with IgM (100%) than IgG EIA results (25%). In adult patients, the correlation between PA titers and IgM (r=0.852, P <0.01) and IgG values (r=0.517, P <0.05) were statistically significant. In pediatric patients, the correlation between PA titers and IgG values (r=0.842, P <0.01) was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we observed that PA and EIA may not be used alternatively. Therefore, we suggest that use of both PA and IgM-EIA will be the optimal choice for laboratories. However, when laboratories are required to select one from PA or EIA, PA may be more useful to diagnose MP infection.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Agglutination , Antibodies , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Immunoglobulin G , Immunoglobulin M , Mycoplasma , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Pneumonia , Pneumonia, Mycoplasma , Serologic TestsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Measurements of serum anti-thyroglobulin antibody (anti-Tg) and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO) are important for the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Although ELISA is most commonly used for the detection of anti-thyroid autoantibodies, other methods like particle agglutination assay (PA) or radioimmunoassay (RIA) are still being used in clinical laboratories. There are few studies about the comparison between PA and ELISA, and we evaluated the validity of these assays in this study. METHODS: We have used three methods, PA (Fujirebio Inc.), ELISA-1 (Zeus Scientific Inc.), and ELISA-2 (Orgentec Diagnostika) for the measurements of titers or concentrations of anti-thyroid autoantibodies. A total of 212 patients belonging to six different disease groups were tested: 40 patients for anti-Tg only, 64 for anti-TPO (or anti-microsome) only, and 108 for both antibodies. All test results were compared with each other in six disease groups. RESULTS: Concordance of positive or negative results was obtained in 78.5-97.3% of the samples tested, and positive rates of three methods were similar in autoimmume thyroid disease group. In the comparable concentration range, the correlation coefficients were 0.328-0.820 between the two ELISAs or between ELISA and PA. CONCLUSIONS: Positive or negative decisions by three assay systems have high concordance rates, and antibody levels measured by three methods correlate well in the comparable concentration range. The ELISA-1 shows less non-specific reactions, better discrimination in low level of autoantibodies, and the highest positive rate in autoimmume thyroid disease group.
Subject(s)
Humans , Agglutination , Antibodies , Autoantibodies , Discrimination, Psychological , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Peroxidase , Radioimmunoassay , Thyroid DiseasesABSTRACT
Objective To identify the advantages and disadvantages of the rapid plasma reagin test (RPR), chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) and Treponema pallidum particle agglutination test (TPPA) for detecting syphilis. Methods A total of 1,808 serum specimens were detected by RPR and CLIA; the negative specimens as detected by CLIA and by RPR were redetected by TPPA. Results There were 170 syphilis patients among the 1,808 patients. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of RPR were both significantly lower than those of CLIA and TPPA (P0. 05). However, the negative predictive value of RPR was significantly lower than that of CLIA (P0. 05), however, the positive predictive value of CLIA was significantly lower than that of TPPA (P<0. 05). Biologically false positive results could be found for all the 3 methods and false negative results could be found for RPR and TPPA (P<0. 05). Conclusion CLIA and TPPA are superior to RPR in diagnosing syphilis. The procedure of diagnosing syphilis may need to be adjusted, and syphilis should be diagnosed by combining the medical history, symptom and lab results.
ABSTRACT
We report on a 45-year-old man with a confirmed diagnosis of acute myopericarditis associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. He visited our emergency department due to high fever (39degrees C) via a primary clinic. We made a diagnosis of myopericarditis based on symptoms, cardiac enzymes, electrocardiography, and transthoracic echocardiography. Serology (particle agglutination) testing for M. pneumoniae IgG antibody was also performed. The IgG antibody titer was 1:80 on the second day of admission, and increased to 1:2,560 by the 12th day of admission. Therefore, we confirmed the diagnosis of acute myopericarditis associated with M. pneumoniae and subsequently treated him with azithromycin. The symptoms and laboratory findings improved, and he recovered uneventfully.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Middle Aged , Azithromycin , Echocardiography , Electrocardiography , Emergencies , Fever , Immunoglobulin G , Mycoplasma , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Pneumonia , Pneumonia, MycoplasmaABSTRACT
We report on a 45-year-old man with a confirmed diagnosis of acute myopericarditis associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. He visited our emergency department due to high fever (39degrees C) via a primary clinic. We made a diagnosis of myopericarditis based on symptoms, cardiac enzymes, electrocardiography, and transthoracic echocardiography. Serology (particle agglutination) testing for M. pneumoniae IgG antibody was also performed. The IgG antibody titer was 1:80 on the second day of admission, and increased to 1:2,560 by the 12th day of admission. Therefore, we confirmed the diagnosis of acute myopericarditis associated with M. pneumoniae and subsequently treated him with azithromycin. The symptoms and laboratory findings improved, and he recovered uneventfully.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Middle Aged , Azithromycin , Echocardiography , Electrocardiography , Emergencies , Fever , Immunoglobulin G , Mycoplasma , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Pneumonia , Pneumonia, MycoplasmaABSTRACT
Diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is important due to its variable clinical manifestations and absence of response to beta-lactams. Introduction of enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for serologic diagnosis of M. pneumoniae has made it possible to separate the analyses of specific IgG and IgM antibodies. We compared four different commercial EIAs, ImmunoWELL IgG, IgM (GenBio), Medac IgG, IgA, IgM (Medac), Platelia IgG, IgM (Sanofi Pasteur), and Ridascreen IgG, IgA, IgM (r-Biopharm) with indirect particle agglutination assay (PA), Serodia-MycoII (Fujirebio). We tested 91 specimens from 73 pediatric patients (2-17 yr) hospitalized at a tertiary-care hospital between December 2005 and January 2006. The measurements of IgM EIAs were correlated with PA titers (Spearman's correlation coefficient, from 0.89 to 0.92) with high concordance rates, ranging from 82.4% to 92.3%. However, some negative IgM-EIA results in PA-positive specimens indicated that serial samplings with convalescent sera would be necessary to confirm M. pneumoniae infection.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Antibodies, Bacterial/chemistry , Immunoenzyme Techniques/methods , Immunoglobulin G/chemistry , Immunoglobulin M/chemistry , Microbiology , Mycoplasma pneumoniae/chemistry , Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/diagnosis , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Serologic TestsABSTRACT
Objective To find out the incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in patients with pyrexia of unknown origin. Design Prospective study. Setting University Paediatric Unit, Teaching Hospital, Karapitiya. Method Patients presenting with fever of more than 7 days with no obvious reason for its occurrence (PUO) to University Paediatric Unit, Teaching Hospital, Karapitiya from January to November 2003, were included. Patients with features of lower or upper respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, hepatitis, meningitis, myositis and arthritis were excluded. Routine tests for continuous fever viz. full blood count, test for malaria parasites, ESR, urine full report, urine culture, blood picture, SAT, chest x-ray, Paul-Bunnel test, hepatic transaminases and blood cultures were done in all patients. Mycoplasma antibody titre was done in each patient using the particle agglutination test. Results There were 40 patients. Age distribution was 2-12 years. 10 patients had mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, mycoplasma antibody titres ranging from 640-20,480. Conclusion 10 out of 40 (25%) children with PUO were due to mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.
ABSTRACT
Objectives To study the incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection among children presenting with central nervous system (CNS) manifestations. Design Prospective study. Setting University Paediatric Unit, Teaching Hospital, Karapitiya. Method Children above 1 year of age, presenting with features of CNS infection, from January to December 2001, were included. Serum samples were tested for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection by using particle agglutination test in addition to the usual laboratory tests. The conventional management protocols for CNS infections were carried out. Anti mycoplasma therapy was started once the dignosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was established. Results Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was established in 8 of 35 children presenting with CNS manifestations. Their age range was 2-12 years. Five had meningoencephalitis and 3 had encephalitis. Mycoplasma antibody titres ranged from 160 to 5,120. Conclusions Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important association in children with meningoencephalitis or encephalitis.
ABSTRACT
HTLV-I infection is a recently recognized disease entity that is common in some tropical and subtropical areas, including the southwestern district of Japan. Despite the geographical proximity and frequent cultural exchanges between Korea and Japan, it is understood that Korea is not an endemic area and HTLV-I-associated illnesses are very rare in Korea. This study was designed to evaluate the positive rate of anti-HTLV-I antibodies in Korean blood donors and its regional distribution. Sera were obtained from blood donors from various districts around Korea. Anti-HTLV-I antibodies were detected by using the microtiter particle agglutination test employing an indirect agglutination technique. A total of 9,281 donors were tested and 12 donors (0.13%) were positive for anti-HTLV-I antibodies, 10 (0.11%) out of 8,845 males and 2 (0.46%) out of 436 females, with relative female predominance. A relatively high incidence of anti-HTLV-I positive donors was observed in Cheju Island (0.80%), Kyungnam (0.31%), and Chonnam (0.15%). In conclusion, the positive rate of anti-HTLV-I antibodies seemed to be very low in Korea, but the highest positive rate of anti-HTLV-I antibodies was noticed on Cheju Island, warranting further research for confirmation.
Subject(s)
Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Adolescent , Age Distribution , Agglutination Tests , Blood Donors , HTLV-I Antibodies/blood , Korea , Sex DistributionABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hantavax(TM) was developed for preven-tion of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by Hantaan or Seoul virus in 1990, and has been commer-cially available in Korea since then. Because Hantavax (TM) has such short usage history, the duration of antibody persistency in vaccinees has not been well studied. METHODS: 61 healthy people were immunized subcu-taneously with Hantavax (TM) twice at one month intervals as primary vaccination. 21 vaccinees were tested at 1 ~4 months after primary vaccination and 40 vaccinees were tested at one year after primary vaccination and then one month and 1 ~2 years after booster vaccination. Antibody titers were measured by immunofluorescent assay(IFA), Hantaan virus antigen-coated high density particle agglu-tination assay(HDPA), and plaque reduction neutralization test(PRNT). RESULTS: Seroconversion rates of 21 vaccinees at 1 ~ 4 months after primay vaccination were 20/21(95.2%), 19/21(90.5%) and 14/21(66.7%); seropositivity of 40 vaccinees at one year after primary vaccination was 25/40 (62.5%), 18/40(45.0%), and 9/40(22.5%) by IFA, HDPA, and PRNT, respectively. Seroconversion rates of 8 vaccinees at one month after booster vaccination were 8/ 8(100 %), 8/ 8(100%); antibody persistence rate of 11 vaccinees at 20 months after booster vaccination were 11/ 12 (91.7%), 9/ 12(75.0%), and seroconversion rates of 7 vaccinees at 3 months after second booster vaccination were 7/7(100%) and 6/7(85.7%) by IFA and PRNT, respectively. Geometric mean antibody titers of 21 vaccinees at 1-4 months after primary basic vaccination were 262, 248, 120; and those of 40 vaccinees at one year after primary vaccination were 90, 56, and 24 by IFA, HDPA, and PRNT, respectively. Geometric mean antibody titers of 8 vaccinees at one month after booster vaccination were 852, 183, of 12 vaccinees at 20 months after booster vaccination were 296, 33, and of 7 vaccinees at 3 months after second booster vaccination were 549 and 46 by IFA and PRNT, respectively. CONCLUSION: The booster vaccination is necessary at 12 months after primary vaccination to maintain high levels of antibodies which persist at least two years after booster vaccination.
Subject(s)
Antibodies , Hantaan virus , Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome , Korea , Seoul virus , VaccinationABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic reliability of the single serum titers of the specific serum antibody determiantion method, we compared antimycoplasma antibody titers of 177 healthy children with 353 children who had respiratory symptoms indicative of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. METHODS: We used Serodia-Myco II particle agglutination test and the titers of > or = 1:40 were regarded as positive. RESULTS: Age distribution of 177 healthy children was between 4-17 years and among these children there were 105 males and 75 females. Age distribution of 353 children with respiratory symptoms was between 2-17 years and consisted of 187 males and 166 female children. The results of antimycoplasma antibody titers of healthy 177 children were 95 cases (53.7%) of negative AMA, 30 cases (16.9%) of 1:40, 27 cases (15.3%) of 1:80, 19 cases (10.7%) of 1:160, 6 cases (3.4%) of 1:320 and there were no cases of > or = 1:640. The results of antimycoplasma antibody titers of 353 children with respiratory symptoms were 195 cases (55.2%) of negative antimycoplasma antibody 19 cases (5.4%) of 1:40, 28 cases (7.9%) of 1:80, 30 cases (8.5%) of 1:160, 33 cases (9.3%) of 1:320, and there were a total of 48 cases (13.6%) that were > or = 1:640. In healthy children the antimycoplasma antibody titers above 1:40 were 14% at 4 years of age, 7% at 5 years, 40% at 6 years and leveled out until 16 years of age. CONCLUSION: Antimycoplasma antibody titer distribution in healthy children ranged from negative to 1:320, therefore, if the single serum sample titer is < or = 1:320, for a definitive diagnosis it is necessary to compare antibody levels after 2-3 weeks.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Age Distribution , Agglutination Tests , Diagnosis , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Pneumonia, Mycoplasma , Seroepidemiologic StudiesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is a retrovirus that has been identified as a cause of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and tropical spastic paraparesis. HTLV-I infection is highly endemic in the southwestern islands of Japan, Caribbean basin, South America, and Africa. In 1993, we showed that the seroprevalence of antibodies to HTLV-I was 0.13% among blood donors in Korea, but surprisingly, 0.80% in Cheju-Do adjacent to endemic areas of Japan. So this study was designed to reevaluate the seroprevalence of antibodies to HTLV-I among residents in Cheju-Do. METHODS: Total 2,372 residents in Cheju-Do were tested from December 1995 to March 1996. Anti-HTLV-I antibodies were detected by the microtiter particle agglutination test. RESULTS: Among total 2,372 residents, 19 were anti-HTLV-I positive. So the overall positive rate of anti-HTLV-I antibodies was 0.80%. The positive rate in females was higher than in males (0.82% vs 0.78%). The positive rate was 1.45% in the age group of 20-29 years, 1.41% in 40-49 years, 0.91% in 0-9 years, 0.70% in 30-39 years, and 0.54% in 50-59 years. The mean age of seropositive cases is 35.2 in males and 35.4 in females, with a mean of 35.3. Geographically, high positive rate was observed in Sogwipo-City (1.37%) and Namcheju-Gun (0.83%) compared to those of Pukcheju-Gun (0.64%) and Cheju-City (0.61%), which showed high seroprevalence in districts adjacent to endemic areas of Japan. Any specific risk factors or associated disorders of HTLV-I infection could not be found among the seropositive cases. CONCLUSION: The seroprevalence of antibodies to HTLV-I in Cheju-Do was noted to be very high by the microtiter particle agglutination test. So henceforth serosurvey by confirmative laboratory tests is needed, and if high seroprevalence is showed from it, screening of blood donors for HTLV-I in Cheju-Do should be considered to prevent transfusion-associated HTLV-I infection.