The analysis of allelic deletion in 4 cases of Amelogenin loci in paternity testing / 复旦学报（医学版）

Objective To apply PowerPlex(R) 21 System Kit and AGCU 21 + 1 STR Fluorescence Detection Kit as supplementary detection kit in some samples with Amelogenin locus X deletion.Methods While with the help of Investigator Argus X-12 Kit,MicroreaderTM 19X ID System kit and the application of capillary electrophoresis,the complete X pattern of these four samples can be identified.Results From Mar,2013 to Dec,2016,4 cases of male samples with Amelogenin locus X deletion have been found.Conclusions Sometimes Amelogenin locus X deletion may happen when using PowerPlex(R)21 System Kit and AGCU 21 + 1 STR Fluorescence Detection Kit,while validating with other forensic biology detection kit can assure the accuracy of genotyping.

Observation and analysis of STR loci mutation among 1 786 cases of paternity test in Guangxi area / 重庆医学

Objective To observe and analyze the mutation characteristics of 17 STR loci among the paternity test cases in Guangxi area .Methods Among 1 786 cases of non—exclusion parentage ,1 430 cases were parental triplet and 356 cases were uniparental diad ,1 001 persons were Han people ,2 102 persons were Zhuang people and 113 persons were other ethnic group in the parents .The genome DNA was extracted by Chelex-100 method .17 short tandem repeat (STR) loci were detected by Power Plex ? 18D System Kit .The paternity testing containing mutant STR loci were screened out from 1786 cases .The locus-specific ,specificity of paternal and maternal ,and allele-specific mutation rates were observed and analyzed ,respectively .The characteristics of the muta-tions were studied .Results In total ,75 mutations events were observed at 16 of the 17 loci .Among them ,73 (97 .34% ) times were one step mutation ,onece(1 .33% ) was two—step mutation ,and once(1 .33% ) was three—step mutation ,no mutation was found at the TPOX locus .The mutation rates ranged 0 .031 1% —0 .404 2% ,and the mean mutation rate was 0 .145 8% .The proportion of the paternal mutations and the maternal mutations was 5 .4:1 .0 ,the difference had statistical significance(P0 .05) .Conclusion STR loci mutation is common phenomenon in paternity test .The data of STR loci mutations should be constantly accumulated for selecting the genetic characteristics in line with the Guangxi population and the genetic markers of STR loci with high identification ability to ensure ac-curate and reliable identification results .

An opportunity for testing multiple paternity in a wild Jaguar (Panthera onca) / Uma oportunidade para testar múltipla paternidade em onça selvagem (Panthera onca)

We performed a paternity test for three cubs from one wild female jaguar (Panthera onca). The opportunity for this study was generated by an accident involving a vehicle collision with a pregnant jaguar in the central Amazon. The cubs are polyzygotic triplets and were found to have been sired by the same male. Here, we also provide an overview and discuss several aspects of jaguar reproduction.

Nós realizamos um teste de paternidade em três filhotes de uma onça selvagem (Panthera onca). A oportunidade para este estudo foi criada a partir de um acidente envolvendo a colisão entre um veículo e uma onça grávida na Amazônia central. Os filhotes são trivitelinos e foram gerados por um mesmo macho. Neste estudo nós também oferecemos uma revisão e discutimos aspectos da reprodução de onças.

Limitation of Regular Autosomal STR Testing for Paternity within an Isolated Population / 대한법의학회지

In order to determine paternity by genetic testing, the Paternity Index (PI) and probability of paternity are calculated using likelihood ratio method. However, when it is necessary, additional testing can be performed to validate the genetic relationship. This research demonstrates autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) results of Jeju Island population in order to determine genetic relationship. Two notable cases showed that despite the acceptable PI value obtained from STR testing, average of 12 mismatches were found in total of 169 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphism typing. Such cases imply that cautious statistical approach is necessary when determining genetic relationship, especially within an isolated population group. Moreover, this would suggest that a further research and investigation are needed in order to understand the population structure of Korea.

Importancia de la verificación-asignación de progenitores en sistemas extensivos de pie de cría / Importance of parentage verification-assignment in extensive multiple-sired breeding herds

Se aplicó un panel de nueve marcadores microsatélites para estructurar la genealogía de un hato de ganado Braford manejado bajo empadre múltiple y destinado a pié de cría, para evaluar las repercusiones de la adecuada asignación de progenitores, así como las implicaciones en su mejoramiento genético. Se logró la asignación de paternidad en el 100% de la progenie, mientras que en los ensayos de verificación de maternidad se estimó un porcentaje de error de asignación de aproximadamente 90%. Los resultados encontrados apoyan el uso de la asignación de paternidad para verificar la estructura genealógica (paternidad y maternidad) de hatos cuya certeza en el pedigrí es crítica para el mejoramiento genético de su raza, y en donde el sistema de manejo extensivo y empadre múltiple limitan el registro adecuado de la progenie al momento del parto.

To assess the implications of parentage assignation on herds-genetic improvement nine microsatellite markers were used in order to structure the genealogy of a multisired Braford herd. All progeny (100%) had satisfactory paternity assignment, conversely the maternity verification analysis showed assignation errors up to 90%. Our results support the use of molecular tools to verify the pedigree structure in those herds with management systems that limit the proper registration of progeny at calving.

Analysis and Countermeasure for Complex Cases in Adoption Paternity Testing / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective] To explore how to deal with the paternity test of complex adoption cases. [Method] Samples from 13 families, in which adoptive parents were suspected related to biological parents, were genotyped using "Identifder + Sinofder + Powerplex 16" combined system (D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSFIPO, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, VWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818, FGA, D6S1043, D12S391, PentaD, PentaE) followed by further statistical analysis. [Result] Among all 13 cases, 2 were completely accordance with the Mendel law, PI > 10 000. There found more than 3 inconsistent loci in 8 cases. And found 1～2 inconsistent loci in 3 cases, needed to test more STR loci until PI≥10 000. The half sibling index (HSI) was also calculated with ITO method. The adoptive parents of 2 cases were not excluded from a full sibling with biological parents. In addition, Y-STR loci were tested for 4 cases (father/son). Two adoptive fathers of them were not excluded from the paternal relationship with biological fathers. [Conclusion] The most (76.9%) of all (13) complex adoptive cases of paternity test could be drawn a definite conclusion with combined system of "Identifder + Sinefiler + Powerplexl6". Minority (23.1%) of them was not definite yet and needed testing more STIR loci. Meanwhile, we suggested adding Y-STR tests and providing HSI for reference.

La implementación forense de la tecnología del ADN en Costa Rica: un análisis retrospectivo: [revisión] / Forensic implementation of DNA technology in Costa Rica: a retrospective analysis: [review]

La reciente utilización de la tecnología del ADN para la identificación individual a traído consigo una revolución en las ciencias forenses, que ha alcanzado también a la America Latina. El análisis histórico muestra que en Costa Rica sehan logrado importantes avances y en la actualidad se encuentra consolidado el trabajo con los STRs, y se están en proceso de implementación los marcadores de ADNmt y del cromosoma Y. Sin embargo, la incorporación delas innovaciones de la genética forense se ha venido realizando, cíclicamente, de 5 a 10 años tarde respecto a lospaises desarrollados en este campo. Se espera un cambio de actitud en el futuro, al estar disponibles nuevas generacionesde marcadores de ADN, que permitan explotar a corto plazo todo el potencial de esta útil herramienta al servicio de la justicia.

The calculation and its standard of identifying paternity in the cases of absence mother / 中国法医学杂志

To establish a calculation method of paternity probability in cases of absence of mother. Calculating the accumulated non-father exclusion probability of multiple polymorphic DNA loci was performed. The results showed that in cases of inheritance with Mendelian Law, through testing 8 or more polymorphic DNA loci, the paternity probability may reach 0. 9990 or more. In cases of paternity exclusion, exclusion 3 or more than 3 loci were required. For the purpose of identifying paternity in cases of absence of mother, more than 8 polymorphic DNA loci must be tested. The paternity probability must be more than 0. 9990 in cases of paternity inclusion and in cases of paternity exclusion, 3 or more loci of exclusion is needed.

Analysis of mutation in short taudem repeat / 中国法医学杂志

By analysing the 300 cases of paternity test in our lab in the recent year, we have demonstrated that mutation rates in STR loci are very high. The experimental steps include extracting DNA by chelex 100, amplification of DNA, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, silver staining, DNA typing by standard samples. The STR mutations in 11 cases among 300 paternity test cases were found, induding D11S554 locus6 cases, D19S253 locus2 cases, SE33 locuslcase, D12S391 locus 1 case, D13S631 locus 1 case. The results indicated that high mutation rates in STR loci should be considered when STR genotyping are applied to paternity test.

INVESTIGATION ON THE C_3 PHENOTYPE FREQUENCIES IN THE HAN POPULATION IN CHENGDU AREA AND C_3 PHENOTYPING IN HUMAN BLOOD STAINS USING CELLULOSE ACETATE ELECTROPHORESIS FOLLOWED BY IMMUNOFIXATION / 中国法医学杂志

The distribution of C_3 phenotype frequencies in the Han population in Cheng-du area was studied by means of cellulose acetate electrophoresis followed byimmunofixation.In 400 unrelated healthy individuals three C_3 phenotypes weredemonstrated.Their frequencies were as follows:SS=397,FS=2 and SSvar=1.Their gene frequencies were as follows:C_3~S=0.9963,C_3~F=0.0025 and C_3~(svar)=0.0013.The C_3 phenotype frequencies were in good agreement with those expec-ted.C_3 phenotyping in the huma bloodstains kept at 37℃ and room temp-lasserature for two days,at 4℃ for 23 days(cotton bloodstains)and for 35 days(g-bloodstains),and -20℃ for at least 87 days could be performed.C_3 ph-enotypingin human serum could be performed at roon temperature for 3 days,as 4℃ for 13days and at -20℃ for at least 106 days.C_3 phenotyping was usedin five casesof paternity dispute.

PATERNITY TEST STUDY BY DNA FINGERPRINTS AND SEROLOGICAL TESTING / 中国法医学杂志

Comparison between the DNA fingerprinting and the serological method used for paternity test is presented. 32 cases of disputed paternity were tested using DNA fingererints with MYO minisatellite DNA probe and blood typing. The results of DNA fingerprinting test correlated with those of blood typing. 8 alleged fathers were excluded while 24 were confirmed. The relationship between the results from two methods was discussed.