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Objective To analyze the occurrence characteristic of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in nuclear families,and to provide a scientific basis for KBD prevention.Methods KBD patients in 15 villages of Linyou County,Shaanxi Province were investigated using clinical and questionnaire survey.According to the prevalence of KBD,the nuclear families were divided into 4 different types:parents did not suffer from KBD (A,n =3 657),mother suffered from KBD and father did not (B,n =674),father suffered from KBD and mother did not (C,n =907),and both patients suffered from KBD (D,n =748).The relationship between prevalence of nuclear families and prevalence of population was analyzed using correlation analysis,and the changes of prevalence in different age groups of family members were analyzed.Results ①The prevalence of nuclear families (38.91％,2 329/5 986) and the prevalence of popttlation (14.42％,3 700/25 656) were significantly correlated (r =0.77,P ＜ 0.05);②The proportions of parental generation men and women with KBD were 9.91％ (118/1 191) vs 11.30％ (105/929) in 0-10 years old group,62.80％ (748/1 191) vs 58.45％ (543/929) in 11-20 years old group,15.70％ (187/1 191) vs 18.51％ (172/929) in 21-30 years old group,7.30％ (87/1 191) vs 7.64％ (71/929) in 31-40 years old group,2.77％ (33/1 191) vs 2.37％ (22/929) in 41-50 years old group,1.34％ (16/1 191) vs 1.51％ (14/929) in 51-60 years old group,and 0.17％ (2/1 191) vs 0.22％ (2/929) in 61-70 years old group,respectively.③Among the three nuclear families (B,C,D),the age of offspring with KBD was less than 13 years old when the age of their parents with KBD was less than 13 years old(83.33％,20/24);The age of the offspring with KBD was mainly distributed between the ages of 13 and 25 years old when the age of their parents with KBD was 13-25 years old (69.86％,51/73);When the age of parents with KBD was order than 25 years old,the age of their offspring with KBD was mainly less than 25 years old (84.85％,56/66);④Among the four nuclear families,the prevalence rates of male and female in the first filial generation were 1.41％ (52/3 683) vs 0.47％ (12/2 538) in A family (x2 =0.47,P ＞ 0.05),5.73％ (31/541) vs 0.53％ (2/378) in B family (x2 =4.32,P ＜ 0.05),6.48％ (44/679) vs 0.95％ (5/528) in C family (x2 =4.10,P ＜ 0.05),and 9.46％ (66/698) vs 3.31％ (15/453) in D family (x2 =2.96,P＞ 0.05),respectively.Conclusions ①The prevalence of the nuclear family with KBD is related to the population prevalence;②the prevalence of male and female with KBD is related to age,and KBD mainly occurs between the age of 11 and 20;③the age of offspring with KBD is partly influenced by the age of their parents;④the prevalence rate of male in the first filial generation is higher than that of female in the first filial generation.
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Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of mumps in Fujian province,2005-2017.Methods All the reported mumps cases were collected through the National Notifiable Disease Information Management System,2005-2017.Active search and interviews were conducted to collect the information on vaccination of mumps.Throat swab specimens were collected for cells culture,genotyping and gene sequence analysis on mumps virus (MuV).Results A total of 83 959 cases of mumps were reported in Fujian province from 2005 to 2017,with an average annual incidence of 17.6 per 100 000.Since 2007,the incidence appeared increasing but then decreasing,reaching the lowest level (7.5 per 100 000),after the setup of a monitoring program.Annually,the onset time of mumps showed an obvious two seasonal peaks,one from April to July,with a weakening trend,and the other from October to January with a rising trend.Most of the mumps cases occurred among students,kindergarten and scattered children (89.2％,5 814/6 517),children aged 5-9 years (38.8％,2 527/6 517),with cases reported from every region.Program from the pathogen surveillance showed that the transmission chain of G genotype mumps virus did exist in Fujian.Data from the sequence analysis revealed that mutations in the nucleotide of G genotype strain in 2015 had led to mutation of 6 amino acid sites in the SH gene coding region,resulting in the differences appearing in both nucleotide and amino acid homology with type A vaccine strain.Conclusions The incidence of mumps decreased annually,in Fujian.Prevention programs should focus on primary and secondary school students.In Fujian province,we also noticed the transmission chain of mumps G genotype with some amino acid mutations in the SH gene coding region.Monitor programs on both epidemiologic and etiology,should be strengthened.
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Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of mumps in Fujian province,2005-2017.Methods All the reported mumps cases were collected through the National Notifiable Disease Information Management System,2005-2017.Active search and interviews were conducted to collect the information on vaccination of mumps.Throat swab specimens were collected for cells culture,genotyping and gene sequence analysis on mumps virus (MuV).Results A total of 83 959 cases of mumps were reported in Fujian province from 2005 to 2017,with an average annual incidence of 17.6 per 100 000.Since 2007,the incidence appeared increasing but then decreasing,reaching the lowest level (7.5 per 100 000),after the setup of a monitoring program.Annually,the onset time of mumps showed an obvious two seasonal peaks,one from April to July,with a weakening trend,and the other from October to January with a rising trend.Most of the mumps cases occurred among students,kindergarten and scattered children (89.2％,5 814/6 517),children aged 5-9 years (38.8％,2 527/6 517),with cases reported from every region.Program from the pathogen surveillance showed that the transmission chain of G genotype mumps virus did exist in Fujian.Data from the sequence analysis revealed that mutations in the nucleotide of G genotype strain in 2015 had led to mutation of 6 amino acid sites in the SH gene coding region,resulting in the differences appearing in both nucleotide and amino acid homology with type A vaccine strain.Conclusions The incidence of mumps decreased annually,in Fujian.Prevention programs should focus on primary and secondary school students.In Fujian province,we also noticed the transmission chain of mumps G genotype with some amino acid mutations in the SH gene coding region.Monitor programs on both epidemiologic and etiology,should be strengthened.
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Objective To provide evidence for diagnosis and treatment by investigating the pathogens and drug resistance of immunocompromised host (ICH)pneumonias.Methods Statistical method was used to analyze retrospectively the data of pathogens and drug resistance of ICH pneumonia treated in our hospital in 2014. Results We confirmed 187 cases of ICH pneumonia by pathogen study of 324 patients.Gram-negative bacillus (68.42%)was the main pathogen of ICH pneumonia.Acinetobacter baumanii (AB)accounted for the first place. Staphylococcus aureus infection was still the first of Gram-positive coccus.Conclusion Gram-negative bacillus was the main pathogen of ICH pneumonia in our hospital and the isolated bacteria show strong antibiotic resistance. Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen dynamic monitoring of pathogens in the secretions from ICH pneumonia patients’ lower respiratory tract and drug resistance.It is suggested that clinicians make anti-infection treatment cover drug-resistant bacteria.
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Objective To understand non-typhoid Salmonella in diarrhea patients from Guangdong province in order to timely discover the outbreaks caused by them as well as to grasp the serotypes, antibiotic resistance and pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) types of those strains isolated from this surveillance program. Methods Salmonella strains from diarrhea patients were detected and all the positive strains were tested by serum agglutination, antibiotic susceptibility and PFGE. Results 71 nontyphoid Salmonella strains were isolated from 1128 stoop samples, with a positive rate of 6.29 %. All the strains were divided into 29 serotypes, with Salmonella serotype enteritidis and typhimurium showing the most common serotypes. Most of the strains were sensitive to cephalosporins and quinolones. The antibiotic resistance rates of S. typhimurium were higher than S. enteritidis and S. stanley. Other than S. enteritidis, all the serotype strains did not have the same type of PFGE. 17 S. enteritidis strains digested by Xba Ⅰ were divided to 8 PFGE types while the PFGE 4 type appeared the most common one. 12 S. enteritidis strains were typed again by Sfi Ⅰ and Not Ⅰ , and there were still 3 groups of strains showing the same PFGE pattern. Conclusion Most of the infection caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella was sporadic in Guangdong province in 2007. Cephalosporins and quinolones seemed the best in curing the infection of non-typhoidal Salmonella at the clinics.