Mechanism of vascular endothelial cells ferroptosis in cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Ferroptosis is a novel type of cell death, characterized by iron overload and lipid metabolism disorders, and is closely related to the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, tumors, and acute injuries. When tissues and organs of the body are in a state of ischemia and hypoxia, iron ions initiate lipid peroxidation and produce a large number of oxygen free radicals. A series of oxidative stress reactions are more likely to trigger ferroptosis. In the process of cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type, insufficient blood supply to the vertebral artery caused by degenerative changes of the cervical spine leads to imbalance of iron homeostasis and abnormal amino acid metabolism. Then ferroptosis is induced and plays an important role in the development of cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type. This paper reviewed the mechanism of ferroptosis in the occurrence of cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type, in order to provide new ideas and perspectives for the study of related problems of the disease.

The Pathogenesis of Nasal Polyp

Nasal polyposis is a common chronic disease of the nasal or paranasal sinus mucosa, with inflammatory cell infiltration and structural modifications of the epithelium and lamina propria. They are rounded projections of edematous mucous membrane that arise from the paranasal sinus cavities, causing very disabling symptoms and requiring longterm treatment with corticosteroids or even surgery. Their histopathology typically consists of an overlying intact respiratory epithelium with the underlying edematous or myxomatous stroma, showing various degrees of tissue remodeling in epithelium, glands, connective tissue and vessels. Although numerous papers have recently dealt with the pathogenesis of this nasal disease, the etiology and pathogenesis of nasal polyp are still controversial, and further investigation is needed. The present review is an update on the pathomechanisms of nasal polyposis.

Ocular Flutter Associated with a Thalamic Lesion

Ocular flutter is a rare, horizontal eye movement disorder characterized by rapid saccadic oscillations. Previous reports have presented a relationship between ocular flutter syndrome and many conditions/diseases. However, it is surprising that there have been few reported cases in which there has been a clear anatomically localized lesion linked to ocular flutter. So the pathophysiological basis for ocular flutter syndrome is not understood yet. We have recently experienced a case of ocular flutter syndrome where the ocular flutter was associated with dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, kinetic predominant tremor, and ataxia. The prodromal symptoms, self-limited illness course and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis of our case suggest an infectious aetiology for this syndrome. Although most of the sequelae of infectious diseases represent more diffuse involvement of the nervous system, the predominant cerebellar symptoms and signs associated with ocular flutter imply that the single responsible lesion of the present case might have been related to the cerebellum-associated neural circuits. Brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in the present case showed perfusion decrease in the left thalamus. The present case suggests that the cerebellar output circuit (dorsal vermis-fastigial nucleus-vestibular nucleus-thalamus-cortex) might be related to the occurrence of ocular flutter. The description of this case may improve the understanding of the pathological mechanisms of ocular flutter syndrome.