Morphological Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Respiratory System and Related Functions Based on AQPs Expression

SUMMARY: A great deal of attention of air pollution on respiratory health is increasing, particularly in relation to haze days. It is that exposure to cigarette smoke augments the toxicity of common air contaminants, thereby increasing the complexity of respiratory diseases. Although there are various mechanisms involved to respiratory diseases caused or worsen by cigarette smoking, in which the role of AQPs in the lung with regard to fluid homeostasis still remains elusive. In this paper, we copied the rat models based on smoke generator, and investigated the morphological changes of mucosa and related functions depending on the balance of lining liquid of alveoli via AQPs expression. Compared with normal group, weak labelling of AQP1 and AQP5 protein abundance were clearly detected in the corresponding part of smoke exposure groups compared with normal group. Hence, it is suggested that the contribution of AQPs in the lung is diminished, thereby causing perturbed balancing between resorptive and secretory fluid homeostasis under cigarette smoking.

Cada vez se presta más atención a la contaminación del aire en la salud respiratoria, particularmente, en relación con los días de neblina. En consecuencia la exposición al humo del cigarrillo aumenta la toxicidad de los contaminantes comunes del aire, lo que además aumenta la complejidad de las enfermedades respiratorias. Aunque existen varios mecanismos involucrados en las enfermedades respiratorias causadas o empeoradas por el tabaquismo, en las que el papel de las AQP en el pulmón respecto a la homeostasis de líquidos sigue siendo difícil de alcanzar. En este artículo, copiamos los modelos de rata basados en el generador de humo e investigamos los cambios morfológicos de la mucosa y las funciones relacionadas según el equilibrio del líquido de revestimiento de los alvéolos a través de la expresión de AQP. En comparación con el grupo normal, se detectó claramente un etiquetado débil de la abundancia de proteínas AQP1 y AQP5 en la parte correspondiente de los grupos de exposición al humo en comparación con el grupo control. Por lo tanto, se sugiere que la contribución de las AQP en el pulmón está disminuida, provocando así un equilibrio perturbado entre la homeostasis del líquido secretor y de reabsorción bajo el hábito de fumar cigarrillos.

Features of myocardial bridge based on computed tomography angiography / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To analyze the pathological and anatomic features of myocardial bridge (MB) using coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA), so as to deepen the understanding of MB. Methods The data of 1 658 patients with MB diagnosed by coronary CTA were retrospectively analyzed. The distribution of MB in the coronary system were analyzed, the length of mural coronary artery (MCA) and average systolic stenosis rate of different types of MB were measured, and the anatomic morphological differences of different types of MB were statistically analyzed. Results Among the 1 658 patients, 1 606 (98.86%) were single MB in single coronary artery, 9 (0.54%) were multiple MB in single coronary artery, and 43 (2.60%) were single MB in different coronary arteries. A total of 1 606 MB lesions in 1 559 cases (94.03%) were located at the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, 87 MB lesions in 81 cases (4.88%) at the left circumflex (LCX) coronary artery, and 19 MB lesions in 18 cases (1.09%) at the right coronary artery (RCA). There were 1 244 cases (75.03%) of incomplete MB, 362 cases (21.83%) of complete MB, and 52 cases (3.14%) of complex MB with the features of both types. The length of MCA in the complex MB was significantly longer than that of the complete MB ([24.32±4.02] mm vs [16.13±1.27] mm, P50% (31.19% [388/1 244] vs 41.16% [149/362]), incidence of proximal coronary artery disease (9.41% [117/1 244] vs 35.08% [127/362]), positive rate of ischemic symptom (32.88% [409/1 244] vs 58.29% [211/362]), and positive rate of ischemic electrocardiogram (37.78% [470/1 244] vs 65.75% [238/362]) of the incomplete MB were significantly lower than those of the complete MB (all P<0.05). Conclusion MB lesions mainly locate at LAD coronary artery and are single MB in single coronary artery. MB-MCA morphology can be divided into complete, incomplete and complex types by coronary CTA, with incomplete type being the main type, and each type of MB has different clinical and morphological features.

Effects of Curcuma Oil Emulsion on the Hyperplasia of Mammary Glands in Rats / 医药导报

Objective To observe the effect of external use of Curcuma oil on the hyperplasia of mammary glands in rats and explore the mechanism. Methods Sixty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into following groups:normal con-trol group, model control group, Sanjierubi plaster group, low-, medium- and high-dose curcuma oil emulsion groups ( n=10 each).The models of hyperplasia of mammary glands were established by intramuscular injection of estradiol benzoate and proges-terone into the medial part of the rat hind limb.Different doses of medicines were given for 4 consecutive weeks.Enzyme-linked im-munosorbent assay, HE staining and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the action mechanism of curcuma oil emulsion against mammary gland hyperplasia. Results Curcuma oil emulsion had preventive and therapeutic effects on the hyperplasia of mammary glands.The diameter of breasts was significantly reduced, the body weight restored, serum estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone and prolactin levels profoundly decreased, progesterone, testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels markedly increased and the number and diameter of lobular acini obviously reduced in high-dose curcuma oil emulsion group when compared with those in model control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion Curcuma oil emulsion can remarkably improve the disturb-ance of serum hormones and inhibit the occurrence of hyperplasia of mammary glands.

Study on pathomorphological changes of the Iiver in Beagle Dog with spontaneous hepatocirrhosis / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To study the liver pathomorphological and serum biochemical changes in Beagle dog with spontaneous hepatocirrhosis and establish the backgroud information of experimental animals for GLP .Methods The ALT, AST,TP,ALB, ALP, TBIL, TC, TG and GGT were detected using an automatic biochemical analyzer , and compared the differences of above index between blank control and diseased animal .The histological changes of the liver were observed by optical microscopy.Results Compared with the blank control ,the ALT,AST,ALP,TBIL and GGT of diseased dogs were increased significantly , and the ALB decreased significantly .Compared with normal dogs , the liver cells had nodular regeneration , arranged irregularly and pseudolobule formation .The pseudolobules were packaged with collagen fibers . Conclusion It is suggested that spontaneous lesions in Beagle dogs should be monitored so as to provide appropriate experimental animal histopathologicalbackgroud information for drug safety evaluation .

Peripheral skeletal muscle dysfunction in rats with emphysema / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Ohjective To study the effects of emphysema on peripheral skeletal muscle biomechanics,pathomorphology and oxidative metabolism in rats.Methods Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were used and randomized equally into a control group and an emphysema group.A dose of 40 U/100 g body weight of porcine pancreatic elastase was instilled into the trachea of the animals of the emphysema group to model emphysema,while the same volume of saline was instilled into those of the control group.Twenty weeks after instillation,in situ mechanical properties of gastrocnemius were evaluated.Gastrocnemius fiber type composition and capillary density (CD) were assessed by using ATPase staining.Lipofuscin accumulation (LI/F) was determined with the ferric-ferricyanide reduction test technique.Immunohistochemistry was used for the detection of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) in gastrocnemius.The muscle biopsy homogenate was used to measure the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT),NOS,total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the content of nitric oxide (NO).Results Emphysema increased fatigability and decreased the recovery rate of gastrocnemius muscle [(145.0 ± 55.4) s vs (55.2 ± 29.3)s,P ＜ 0.05].Compared to control,the gastrocnemius muscle in rats with emphysema had a lower CD [(513.9±71.1)n/mm2 vs (578.6 ±59.9)n/mm2,P ＜0.05] and a decreased proportion of type I fibers [(16.0 ±5.0)％ vs (30.7 ±4.1) ％,P ＜0.05],with a reciprocal increase in type II b/x fibers [(27.3 ±4.8)％vs (11.0±3.2)％,P＜0.05].LI/F was higher (3.3±0.5 vsl.7±0.4,P＜0.05) and the activity of SOD,CAT and T-AOC was increased in emphysema group.Compared with control,rats with emphysema demonstrated a lower expression of endothelial NOS (eNOS) (1.9 ± 0.5 vs 3.4 ± 0.6,P ＜ 0.05),and an equivalent expression of neuronal NOS (nNOS) (4.7 ± 1.0 vs 5.1 ± 0.8,P ＞ 0.05) in the gastrocnemius muscle.The inducible NOS (iNOS) was not found in both groups.Conclusions Emphysema could induce biomechanical,pathomorphological and oxidative metabolic changes in peripheral skeletal muscle.

Application of brain slice in anti-cerebral ischemia pharmacology research / 中国药理学通报

Brain slice technique has been widely applied in the field of neuroscience.This article reviews the application of brain slice in anti-cerebral ischemia pharmacology research on electrophysiology,synaptic plasticity,pathomorphology,neurotransmitters and in the field of Chinese medicine.

Biological Killing Effects of an Antitank Mine Explosion in Simulated Test:Pathomorphologic Observation / 第二军医大学学报

In this paper,we report the effective killing radius and the biological killing effects of the antitank mines after bursting to cut through a base deck of the tank.The mines had different types of structure and were exploded at various angles. It was found that the fragmentation damage was the primary killing factor and a blast wave came second, accompanied by a minor thermic burn. The incidence of the blast wave was higher than the casting structure when the antitank mines with separate layer structure were exploded, as compared to those with the casting structure, but there was no significant difference in the effective killing radius.