A STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VARIOUS DIMENSIONS OF E- PAYMENT SYSTEM WITH DIFFERENT BENEFITS OF E-PAYMENT SYSTEM TO THE STAKEHOLDERS

The implementation of digital payment mechanism has changed the basics of money payment as a medium of exchange. The revolutionary changes that happened in the Information Communication Technology (ICT) has paved the way for drastic changes in various spheres of activities such as government to citizens government to business government to government government to employee and government to foreign trade. In line with the developments that have been taking place across the world in Electronic Payment System (EPS) changes have taken place in the UAE also. The rulers of the country are keen in establishing a high-tech oriented EPS system supported by the platform of knowledge management (KM) system. The study is an effort to explore various dimensions of EPS such as security speed ease of payment convenience and control and its importance in generating various bene?ts to the stakeholders in the form of value driven bene?ts citizen driven bene?ts economic cost driven bene?ts and technology driven bene?ts. The study attempts to ?nd out the relationship between various dimensions of EPS on stakeholders bene?t in the UAE.

Comparing financing models for supplementary healthcare in appendectomy: activity-based costing (fee-for-service) vs. diagnosis related group remuneration (bundled payment): a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose: In Brazil, healthcare services traditionally follow a fee-for-service (FFS) payment system, in which each medical procedure incurs a separate charge. An alternative reimbursement with the aim of reducing costs is diagnosis related group (DRG) remuneration, in which all patient care is covered by a fixed amount. This work aimed to perform a systematic review followed by meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of the Budled Payment for Care Improvement (BPCI) versus FFS. Methods: Our work was performed following the items of the PRISMA report. We included only observational trials, and the primary outcome assessed was the effectiveness of FFS and DRG in appendectomy considering complications. We also assessed the costs and length of hospital stay. Meta-analysis was performed with Rev Man version 5.4. Results: Out of 735 initially identified articles, six met the eligibility criteria. We demonstrated a shorter hospital stay associated with the DRG model (mean difference = 0.39; 95% confidence interval ­ 95%CI ­ 0.38­0.40; p < 0.00001; I2 = 0%), however the hospital readmission rate was higher in this model (odds ratio = 1.57; 95%CI 1.02­2.44, p = 0.04; I2 = 90%). Conclusions: This study reveals a potential decrease in the length of stay for appendectomy patients using the DRG approach. However, no significant differences were observed in other outcomes analysis between the two approaches.

Analysis of payment models applied to federal funding from the perspective of the Brazilian Health System

Objective: This study aims at identifying the payment methods existing in the Unified Health System referring to federal transfers to Primary Health Care (PHC) and Specialized Health Care. Methods: A quantitative and analytical study was carried out, developed in three stages: survey of all types of transfers from the Union; classification of each transfer category according to the types of payment methods and measurement of the participation of each payment methods, according to the financing components analyzed, in relation to the net values transferred. Results: Federal transfers were classified into seven payment methods. For PHC, in 2020, approximately R$ 21.7 billion was calculated, including resources destined for the pandemic, and R$ 20.9 billion without considering resources to face the COVID-19 pandemic. More than 50% of the amounts used were classified as capitation, in both cases. For specialized health care, in 2019, around R$ 48.5 billion were calculated, and in 2020 more than R$ 49.2 billion. For the two years, more than 70% of the funds were allocated to fee for service. Conclusions: This study allowed for an expansion in knowledge about the allocation of resources referring to transfers from the Union to states, the Federal District and municipalities. As the payment methods are related to productivity, access and quality of the health service, knowing and identifying the most appropriate payment methods for each situation contributes to the achievement of the goals and to the mitigation of eventual losses of efficiency in the healthcare systems.

Análise dos modelos de pagamento aplicados ao financiamento federal na perspectiva do Sistema Único de Saúde / Analysis of payment models applied to federal funding from the perspective of the Brazilian Health System

Objetivo: Este estudo tem por objetivo identificar os modelos de pagamento existentes no Sistema Único de Saúde referentes aos repasses federais para a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) e a Atenção Especializada à Saúde. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo e analítico, desenvolvido em três etapas: levantamento de todos os tipos de repasse da União; classificação de cada categoria de repasse segundo os tipos de modelos de pagamentos; e mensuração da participação de cada modelo de pagamento, de acordo com os componentes de financiamento analisados, em relação aos valores líquidos repassados. Resultados: Os repasses federais foram classificados em sete modelos de pagamentos. Para a APS, em 2020, foram apurados R$ 21,7 bilhões, aproximadamente, incluindo os recursos destinados para a pandemia, e R$ 20,9 bilhões, sem considerar os recursos para enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19. Mais de 50% dos valores empregados foram classificados como capitação, em ambos os casos. Para a Atenção Especializada à Saúde, em 2019, foram computados em torno de R$ 48,5 bilhões e, em 2020, acima de R$ 49,2 bilhões. Para os dois anos, mais de 70% dos recursos foram destinados a pagamentos por procedimento. Conclusões: Este estudo permitiu a ampliação do conhecimento sobre a alocação dos recursos referentes aos repasses da União para estados, Distrito Federal e municípios. Como os modelos de pagamentos estão relacionados com a produtividade, acesso e qualidade do serviço de saúde, conhecer as formas de pagamento e identificar a mais adequada para cada situação contribui para o alcance das metas e para a mitigação de eventuais perdas de eficiência nos sistemas de saúde.

Objective: This study aims at identifying the payment methods existing in the Unified Health System referring to federal transfers to Primary Health Care (PHC) and Specialized Health Care. Methods: A quantitative and analytical study was carried out, developed in three stages: survey of all types of transfers from the Union; classification of each transfer category according to the types of payment methods and measurement of the participation of each payment methods, according to the financing components analyzed, in relation to the net values transferred. Results: Federal transfers were classified into seven payment methods. For PHC, in 2020, approximately R$ 21.7 billion was calculated, including resources destined for the pandemic, and R$ 20.9 billion without considering resources to face the COVID-19 pandemic. More than 50% of the amounts used were classified as capitation, in both cases. For specialized health care, in 2019, around R$ 48.5 billion were calculated, and in 2020 more than R$ 49.2 billion. For the two years, more than 70% of the funds were allocated to fee for service. Conclusions: This study allowed for an expansion in knowledge about the allocation of resources referring to transfers from the Union to states, the Federal District and municipalities. As the payment methods are related to productivity, access and quality of the health service, knowing and identifying the most appropriate payment methods for each situation contributes to the achievement of the goals and to the mitigation of eventual losses of efficiency in the healthcare systems.

A qualitative study on clinical nursing managers′management experience of diagnosis-related groups-prepaid payment system / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the management experience of clinical nursing managers and to provide reference for the implementation of the reform of DRGs-PPS.Methods:15 clinical nursing managers were surveyed in an in-depth semi-structured interview by phenomenological research methods, and the data were analyzed by Colaizzi 7 analysis method.Results:Four themes were extracted: the positive effect of the reform, the value reflection of nursing work, the promotion and obstacles of nursing management during DRGS implementation.Conclusions:Clinical nursing managers, there are positive experience as well as negative experience for the implementation of the reform of DRGs-PPS, so we need to constantly improve the staff′s cognition, to maximize the value of nursing, draw support from policy guidance and third-party building platforms, optimizes the allocation of human resources, strengthen the management of consumables, promote nursing quality and cost effective integration and effective supervision, and promote healthy development of the DRGs-PPS.

Review and inspirations of the payment mechanism of Long-Term Care Hospital of Medicare of the United States / 中华医院管理杂志

A type of designated hospitals in Medicare is referred to as Long-Term Care Hospital (LTCH). LTCH is one of Post-Acute Care settings(I. e. Intermediate care)and the only facilities certified by length of stays. This article reviewed the milestones and payment methods of Medicare Long-Term Care Hospital payment system, for perfection of the medical insurance and construction of China′s intermediate care system.

Discussion on capitation payment system reform based on case analysis / 中华医院管理杂志

Pilot areas have achieved initial success in capitation reform. On the other hand, challenges remain unsolved in terms of practical pathways, change of national medical insurance management system, related measures, incentives and allocative mechanism for implement of the reform. With the concerning on progress, practice, effects and challenges of typical areas, this article established an institutional framework. On such basis, we propose to design and refine a scheme in terms of 5 aspects, namely strengthening the basic medical care packages′financing, setting contents and standard of the basic medical care packages rationally, establishing effective evaluation system and formulating supporting measures.

Case analysis and enlightenment of capitation payment system reform / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To analyze the main practices of capitation payment system reform in the case areas and put forward enlightenments and suggestions in this regard. Methods The implementation practices of the case areas were summarized, and descriptive statistical analysis was carried out on the implementation effects. Results By analyzing the effectiveness of the case areas′reform, it was found that the case areas are curbing the excessive growth of medical expenses (for example, outpatient fees per visit of Dingyuan county-level hospitals decreased from 245.11 yuan in 2015 to 218.40 yuan in 2017), increasing the actual compensation ratio of residents ( for example, the actual compensation ratio of Funan increased from 59.80% in 2015 to 63.28% in 2017), forming a medical treatment pattern within the county (for example, out-of-county compensation ratio in Dingyuan decreased from 37.38% in 2015 to 31.13% in 2017), achieving double-way referrals (for example, the number of referrals to superior hospitals of Jimo increased from 98 in 2015 to 328 in 2017), improving the subsidence of quality services, and controlling the risks of medical insurance funds. Conclusions At present, the reform of the case areas has been implemented steadily and achieved results. It is recommended to further improve such aspects as reform coordination, insurance standard setting, incentive mechanism establishment, and leadership to ensure the reform progress.

The Calculation of Geographic Practice Cost Index and the Feasibility of Using It in Korean Payment System / 보건행정학회지

The fee-for-service system is used as the main payment system for health care providers in Korea. It has been argued that it can't reflect differences in the medical practice costs across regions because the fee schedule is calculated based on the average cost. So, some researchers and providers have disputed that there is need for adopting geographic practice cost index (GPCI) used in the United States for the Medicare program for the elderly to the fee-for-service payment system. This study performed to identify whether the difference in the practice costs among regions exists or not and to examine the feasibility of applying GPCI to Korea payment system. For this purpose, we calculated modified-GPCI and examined considerations to introduce GPCI in Korea. First we identified available data to calculate GPCI. Second, we made applicable GPCI equations to Korea payment system and computed it based on four types of regions (metropolitan, urban, suburban, and rural). We also categorize the regions based on the availability of the medical resources and the capability of utilizing them. As a result, we found that there wasn't any significant difference in the GPCI by regional types in general, but the indices of rural areas (0.91–0.98) was relatively low compared to the indices of other regions (0.96–1.07). Considering the need to use GPCI floor, the pros and cons of using GPCI, and the concern of the regional imbalance of resources, the introduction of GPCI needs to be carefully considered.

Further Discussion on the Problems and Countermeasures of Single Disease Payment Reform / 中国卫生经济

Through the investigation of the single disease policy and the local actual situation in many regions of the country, it analyzed the practical problems faced by Chinese medical institutions in the implementation of single disease payment policy. The necessity and urgency of the national unified single disease payment policy were put forward, and the system of standard quota payment for single disease standard was preferred, supporting patients to pay extra fees for differential medical services, standardize the accounting policy of single disease payment.

Study on the doctor-patient interest demands satisfaction of the payment system reform in China's new rural cooperative medical care scheme / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To study doctor-patient interest demands satisfaction and its influencing factors of the payment system reform of the new rural cooperative medical care scheme to provide reference for the reform. Methods Cross-sectional survey was conducted from September 2016 to February 2017. Multi-stage stratified random sampling was used in six counties of three provinces in the eastern, middle and western regions of China, and mathematical statistics was applied to analyze the data. Results The doctor-patient overall interest demands satisfaction was high, but the satisfaction was lower both with the income and ability improvement of medical staff and with the benefits of farmers. The influencing factors of the satisfaction of managers in medical institutions included the type of payment, educational level and work unit (P＜0.05). The influencing factors of medical staff's satisfaction included the type of payment, work unit, and working years among others(P＜0.05). The influencing factors of farmers'satisfaction included the type of payment and the average annual income, etc(P＜0.05). Conclusions The core interest demands of both doctors and patients should be valued to enhance their satisfaction. Diseases related groups should be promoted and applied scientifically, and appropriately integrated with other methods of payment. Both doctors and patients'understanding of the payment reform should be improved by propaganda and training, to get their support and cooperation.

Study on the participating farmers'interest demands for the payment system reform in China's new rural cooperative medical care scheme / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To study the participating farmers'interest demands for NRCMs in order to provide basis for the payment system reform based on the demand side perspective. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2016 to February 2017. Multi-stage stratified random sampling was conducted in six counties of three provinces in the eastern, middle and western regions of China. Mathematical statistics analysis was conducted to clarify the interest demands and influencing factors of the participating farmers. Results The interests claims of the 1 452 participating farmers were to improve service quality, to reduce the economic burden of disease, and to standardize the management. The medians found were 4.00, 4.00 and 3.63 respectively. Relative to the flat rate, the DRGs raised higher requirements for standardized medical behaviors offered by the medical workers. Furthermore, it called for effective medical quality supervision, rigorous control of medical costs and highly scientific and standardized management. The differences were statistically significant ( P ＜0.05 ). Conclusions The diversity of participating farmers'interest demands deserves due attention, the payment methods combination should fit local needs, the interests demands expression channel of the participants should be expanded, and the demand side deserves a due role in supervision of the funds.

The Effect of Diagnosis-Related Group Payment System on Quality of Care in the Field of Obstetrics and Gynecology among Korean Tertiary Hospitals

PURPOSE: To examine changes in clinical practice patterns following the introduction of diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) under the fee-for-service payment system in July 2013 among Korean tertiary hospitals and to evaluate its effect on the quality of hospital care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the 2012–2014 administrative database from National Health Insurance Service claim data, we reviewed medical information for 160400 patients who underwent cesarean sections (C-secs), hysterectomies, or adnexectomies at 43 tertiary hospitals. We compared changes in several variables, including length of stay, spillover, readmission rate, and the number of simultaneous and emergency operations, from before to after introduction of the DRGs. RESULTS: DRGs significantly reduced the length of stay of patients undergoing C-secs, hysterectomies, and adnexectomies (8.0±6.9 vs. 6.0±2.3 days, 7.4±3.5 vs. 6.4±2.7 days, 6.3±3.6 vs. 6.2±4.0 days, respectively, all p < 0.001). Readmission rates decreased after introduction of DRGs (2.13% vs. 1.19% for C-secs, 4.51% vs. 3.05% for hysterectomies, 4.77% vs. 2.65% for adnexectomies, all p < 0.001). Spillover rates did not change. Simultaneous surgeries, such as colpopexy and transobturator-tape procedures, during hysterectomies decreased, while colporrhaphy during hysterectomies and adnexectomies or myomectomies during C-secs did not change. The number of emergency operations for hysterectomies and adnexectomies decreased. CONCLUSION: Implementation of DRGs in the field of obstetrics and gynecology among Korean tertiary hospitals led to reductions in the length of stay without increasing outpatient visits and readmission rates. The number of simultaneous surgeries requiring expensive operative instruments and emergency operations decreased after introduction of the DRGs.

Percepción de los agentes compradores y personas muestreadoras sobre el sistema de liquidación para pago de leche cruda en Antioquia / Perception of purchasing agents and sampling staff on the raw milk payment calculation system in Antioquia / Percepção dos agentes compradores e pessoas coletoras sobre o sistema de liquidação para pagamento do leite cru em Antioquia

Resumen Introducción. El sistema de pago por calidad promueve cambios que impactarán de manera positiva las formas actuales de producción y comercialización de leche. Objetivo. Analizar la percepción de los agentes compradores (AC) y tomadores de muestra (TM) sobre el sistema de liquidación de la leche cruda a los proveedores en Antioquia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizaron entrevistas a 14 funcionarios de los AC y se aplicaron 84 encuestas a TM. Para analizar la percepción de las personas se realizaron análisis de factor para datos mixtos y análisis de cluster jerárquico en componentes principales. Resultados. Se identificó que los AC no tenían mucho conocimiento de las resoluciones 17 del 2012 y 77 del 2015 del Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural; solo las empresas grandes y tecnificadas tenían mayor conocimiento. Los AC, en su mayoría, tenían una percepción positiva frente a la aplicación de estas; según ellos incentivarían al mejoramiento de la calidad de leche y el pago equitativo a los proveedores, y generarían mayor transparencia y confianza en la relación comercial con el proveedor. Los TM, en términos generales, no conocían las resoluciones, y manifestaron que tenían una buena relación con los AC y con los proveedores. Conclusión. Para los AC y los TM, el sistema de pago por calidad genera bienestar en la relación comercial con el proveedor y en sector lácteo en general, aunque puede ocasionar incertidumbre por los cambios en las formas de producción y comercialización.

Abstract Introduction. Payment per quality system generates changes that will positively impact current milk production and commercialization procedures. Objective. Analyze the perception of purchasing agents (PA) and sample testing staff (ST) on the raw milk payment calculation for suppliers in Antioquia. Materials and methods. 14 interviews were conducted with PA staff and 84 surveys were applied to ST. To analyze their perception, we used mixed data factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis of main components. Results. It was identified that with the exception of large highly technical companies, PA had little knowledge of Resolutions 17 of 2012 and 77 of 2015 from the Colombian Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. Most PA have a positive perception on the application of these resolutions; according to them, it would incentivize improvements in milk quality and a fair payment to suppliers, and would create more transparency and trust in the commercial relationship with the supplier. In general, ST did not know the resolutions and expressed that they have a good relationship with PA and suppliers. Conclusion. For PA and ST, the payment per quality system generates benefits in their commercial relationship with the supplier and the dairy sector in general, although it can cause uncertainties due to changes in production and commercialization procedures.

Resumo Introdução. O sistema de pagamento por qualidade promove mudanças que impactarão de maneira positiva as formas atuais de produção e comercialização do leite. Objetivo. Analisar a percepção dos agentes compradores (AC) e tomadores de amostra (TM) sobre o sistema de liquidação do leite cru aos fornecedores em Antioquia. Materiais e métodos. Se realizaram entrevistas a 14 funcionários dos AC e se aplicaram 84 enquetes a TM. Para analisar a percepção das pessoas se realizaram análise de fator para dados mistos e análise de cluster hierárquico em componentes principais. Resultados. Se identificou que os AC não tinham muito conhecimento das resoluções 17 de 2012 e 77 de 2015 do Ministério de Agricultura e Desenvolvimento Rural; só as empresas grandes e tecnificadas tinham melhor conhecimento. Os AC, na sua maioria, tinham uma percepção positiva frente à aplicação destas; segundo eles incentivariam ao melhoramento da qualidade do leite e o pagamento equitativo aos fornecedores, e gerariam maior transparência e confiança na relação comercial com o fornecedor. Os TM, em termos gerais, não conheciam as resoluções, e manifestaram que tinham uma boa relação com os AC e com os fornecedores. Conclusão. Para os AC e os TM, o sistema de pagamento por qualidade gera bem-estar na relação comercial com o fornecedor e no sector lácteo em geral, embora pode ocasionar incerteza pelas mudanças nas formas de produção e comercialização.

Remuneración a los proveedores de servicios de salud en Bogotá / Payment to providers of health services in Bogotá

RESUMEN Objetivo Revisar los conceptos, desarrollos y efectos de los mecanismos de pago utilizados en diversos países, con el fin de proponer una metodología de pago aplicable para los hospitales de Bogotá. Método Se efectuó una revisión bibliográfica de tres aspectos de interés: conceptos esenciales, desarrollos alcanzados y efectos derivados de los mecanismos de pago utilizados en diversos países. Luego se efectuaron sesiones de trabajo entre los autores y con diversos grupos y equipos de la secretaria de salud de Bogotá, los hospitales, la academia y las autoridades nacionales en salud, para el diseño metodológico de un esquema de pago aplicable a los hospitales de la red adscrita de salud en Bogotá. Resultados La revisión bibliográfica permitió establecer los ejes de trabajo para un esquema de pago prospectivo por red con incentivos de desempeño, basado en optimización de la eficiencia técnica (provisión de servicios de salud a menor costo) y locativa (optimización de la mezcla de los servicios de salud) y en mejores resultados de atención. Discusión El esquema de reconocimiento planteado debe ser un factor integrador del proceso de atención al paciente y redundar en una mejor operación del aseguramiento, la prestación de servicios y la gobernanza de la atención en salud, al tiempo que optimiza el flujo de recursos y la sostenibilidad local del sistema.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To review the concepts, developments and effects of the payment mechanisms used in different countries to propose a payment methodology applicable to hospitals in Bogotá. Method Literature review in which essential concepts, developments and effects derived from payment mechanisms used in different countries were analyzed. The authors and various groups and teams of the Bogotá Health Department participated, hospitals, academia and national health authorities held work sessions with the intention of creating a methodological design for a payment scheme that could be applied to the hospitals attached to the health network in Bogotá. Results The literature review allowed establishing work axes for a prospective payment scheme per network that included performance bonuses based on the optimization of technical efficiency (provision of health services at lower cost, locative efficiency (optimization of the mix of health services), and on better care outcomes. Discussion The proposed payment scheme should be an integrating factor in the patient care process, and should also result in a better operation, service delivery and health care governance, while optimizing the flow of resources and local sustainability.(AU)

Modelo cuantitativo para mejorar el financiamiento de la atención primaria en Chile / Quantitative model to improve primary health care financing in Chile / Modelo quantitativo para melhorar o financiamento da atenção primária no Chile

RESUMEN Objetivo Proponer y aplicar una metodología para estimar el gasto esperado ajustado de cada localidad en el sistema chileno de atención primaria de la salud (APS) en el año 2016. Métodos En primer lugar, se formalizó el cálculo del gasto esperado per cápita a nivel nacional, en base a un detallado plan de salud, y luego se introdujo en este gasto un ajuste de suma cero para cada localidad a través del perfil local de sexo y edad y el promedio local del nivel socioeconómico, años de vida perdidos y ruralidad, por su incidencia estadísticamente significativa en las epidemiologías y en las estructuras de gasto. Resultados El modelo logra un vínculo conceptual y empírico entre los gastos esperados y las variables de ajuste, es flexible a mejoras sucesivas, y la propiedad de suma cero facilita la discusión del presupuesto global. En la aplicación a datos reales de Chile para el año 2016 se encuentra que la distancia absoluta entre los montos del modelo y los montos usados en dicho año es de 7,6% en promedio. Conclusiones Existen alternativas sencillas para sustentar empíricamente el cálculo de los gastos esperados a través de las localidades, para lo cual es de gran ayuda contar con una buena estimación del gasto esperado a nivel nacional.

ABSTRACT Objective Propose and apply a methodology to estimate adjusted expected expenditure in each locality in the Chilean primary health care (PHC) system in 2016. Methods First of all, expected per capita expenditure at the national level was calculated on the basis of a detailed health plan, and then a zero-sum adjustment was made to the expenditure in each locality, using the local age/sex profile and the local average socioeconomic level, years of life lost, and rurality, given their statistically significant impact on epidemiology and spending structures. Results The model establishes a conceptual and empirical link between expected expenditure and adjustment variables; it is flexible in terms of successive improvements; and its zero-sum property facilitates discussion of the global budget. When real data for the year 2016 in Chile were used, it was found that the absolute distance between the amounts in the model and the amounts actually used that year was 7.6%, on average. Conclusions There are simple empirical options for calculating expected expenditure across localities, for which it is very helpful to have a good estimate of expected expenditure at the national level.

RESUMO Objetivo Propor e implementar uma metodologia para o cálculo do gasto com saúde projetado ajustado para cada municipalidade no sistema chileno de atenção primária à saúde para o ano de 2016. Métodos Primeiro padronizou-se o cálculo do gasto per capita projetado em nível nacional, baseado em um detalhado plano de saúde. Em seguida foi feito um ajuste de soma zero no gasto com saúde para cada municipalidade segundo o perfil local de sexo e idade da população e o valor médio para nível socioeconômico, anos de vida perdidos e ruralidade de acordo com a associação de significância estatística em estudos epidemiológicos e estruturas do gasto. Resultados O modelo consegue estabelecer um vínculo conceitual e empírico entre os gastos projetados e as variáveis de ajuste, ele se adapta a melhorias sucessivas e a propriedade de soma zero facilita a discussão do orçamento global. Ao serem aplicados dados reais do Chile para 2016, observou-se uma distância absoluta entre os valores do modelo e os valores do ano considerado de, em média, 7,6%. Conclusões Existem alternativas simples para fundamentar empiricamente o cálculo do gasto com saúde projetado para as municipalidades, sendo bastante útil poder dispor de uma boa estimativa do gasto com saúde projetado em nível nacional.

Preliminary investigation of regional global per capita budget for medical payment system of countywide medical service community in Anhui province / 中华医院管理杂志

This paper analyzed and concluded successful experience and mechanisms of regional global per capita budget implemented since 2015 in Anhui province,including the formation of mutual incentive and restraint mechanism, the mechanism of controlling expenses spontaneously and resource allocation efficiently.After the reform, flow of hospitalized patients was more rational, and the financial burden of patients was alleviated, while the capacity of medical institutions was improved notably in pilot counties.The successful experience of Anhui province can put forward corresponding suggestions to guide the future work in other areas.

Progress and implications of the DRG-based prospective payment system ( DRG-PPS ) reform in China / 中国卫生政策研究

DRG-based prospective payment system ( DRG-PPS ) is one type of mature inpatient care payment mechanisms in most countries and pilot projects would be introduced to China in 2017. This article provides an overview of the previous typical DRG-PPS reform initiatives on provincial, municipal and county level respectively. It also summa-rizes the characteristics of the reform programs, describes the diversities of policy implementation, and discusses the suc-cessful experience and implications of the initiatives. The paper puts forward some suggestions on the upcoming DRG-PPS pilot projects based on the progress and problems of the initiatives, to promote the DRG-PPS reform in China.

Analysis of high-value medical supplies price setting policy under the disease fee payment system reform in China: A case of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography (ECRP) / 中国卫生政策研究

This paper analyzes the ERCP price setting policy and its impact on the patient''s cost and it puts forward possible price setting policy recommendations, according to the current situation of the disease payment system reform and promotion prospects of ERCP.ERCP belongs to the low-price high-value medical supplies, but hospitalization expenses data of 9 types of diseases show that consumables accounted for 35.81~48.25%.The main factor hindering widely the application of ERCP lies in high-ratio self-payment and high medical cost, in other words, as the ERCP supplies are not included in the scope of medical insurance payments, the current rate of patients with high surgical expenses, medical costs are expensive.As per the analysis of this paper, the following are the policy recommendations to put forward 1)Paying attention to historical settlement data and scientific formulation of disease charges;2)Considering different treatment methods and allocate appropriate disease payment standards;3)Standardize operation code to ensure the information quality of accurate disease expenses calculation.

Research on the Negotiation and Consultation Frame in Rural and Urban Residents Medical Insurance Provider Payment System Reform / 中国卫生经济

The establishment of negotiation and consultation mechanism between medical insurance management agency and medical institution,could proceed the development of provider payment system reforms.This paper discussed the policy basis and the basic principle of negotiation and consultation in provider payment system reforms,and the subject,level and model,content,the carrying out and so on.