Effects of a backward running training on backward peak velocity running, V̇O2max, vVO2max and 3 km forward running performance in male adults: a pilot study

Abstract Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of a backward running (BR) training program prescribed by the peak backward running velocity (Vpeak_BR) on physiological variables and a 3 km forward running (FR) performance. Methods: Eight untrained running male adults in running took place in the study. All the participants underwent five weeks of BR training prescribed based on Vpeak_BR. They performed a maximal incremental test on the treadmill to determine the maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and the velocity associated with V̇O2max (vV̇O2max). The participants were also tested on the track field to determine the Vpeak_BR and undertook a 3 km FR performance. All initial assessments were also performed after the training period. Results: The results showed statistically significant improvements in 3 km FR performance (14.2 ± 1.2 min vs. 13.5 ± 1.0 min) and Vpeak_BR (8.0 ± 0.8 km·h−1 vs. 8.5 ± 0.5 km·h−1) after the training period. Conclusion: BR training effectively improved 3 km FR performance and Vpeak_BR, demonstrating that Vpeak_BR determined according to the protocol proposed in this study can be used for the prescription of BR training. Further, BR training represents an effective training method that can be inserted into an FR running training program.

Clinical value of color Doppler ultrasonography in evaluating the degree of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis in the elderly by ROC curve analysis / 中国基层医药

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of color Doppler ultrasonography (CDFI) in evaluating the degree of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) in the elderly by using ROC curve analysis.Methods From March 2015 to September 2018,117 patients with ARAS admitted to Anji Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Zhejiang University were selected.All patients underwent color Doppler ultrasonography and renal artery angiography.Renal artery angiography was used as the gold standard.The diagnostic value of color Doppler ultrasonography for ARAS was analyzed.The changes of color Doppler ultrasonography indicators of renal artery in different degrees of stenosis were compared.The ROC curve was used to analyze the value of color Doppler ultrasound in evaluating the degree of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis in the elderly.Results Using renal arteriography as the gold standard,the sensitivity of color ultrasonography for ARAS was 82.17％ (129/157),and the specificity of diagnosis was 80.52％ (62/77).The PSV [(227.59 ± 34.28) cm/s] and EDV [(57.39 ± 6.48) cm/s] in the severe stenosis group were higher than those in the moderate stenosis group [(183.84 ±41.05) cm/s and(50.29 ± 5.22) cm/s] (t =6.269,6.506,all P ＜ 0.05) and the mild stenosis group [(128.47 ± 52.35) cm/s and(37.52 ± 7.15) cm/s] (t =10.517,12.813,all P ＜ 0.05) and the non-stenosis group [(86.49 ± 28.94) cm/s and (26.48 ± 5.02) cm/s] (t =18.598,21.971,all P ＜ 0.05).The RI in the severe stenosis group [(0.41 ±0.07)] was lower than that in the moderate stenosis group [(0.47 ± 0.06)] (t =4.966,P ＜ 0.05) and the mild stenosis group [(0.52 ±0.07)] (t =8.496,P ＜0.05) and the no stenosis group [(0.70 ±0.11)] (t =17.101,P ＜ 0.05).The ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of color ultrasound parameters for moderate and severe stenosis.The area under the diagnostic curve of PSV,EDV and RI for moderate and severe stenosis was 0.869,0.932 and 0.937,respectively.Conclusion CDFI plays an important role in the early diagnosis and clinical screening of elderly patients with ARAS.It is helpful to judge the degree of renal artery stenosis and evaluate the condition of the patients.It is non-invasive,simple and inexpensive,and worthy of clinical application.

Variability of peripheral arterial peak velocity predicts fluid responsiveness in patients with septic shock / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To explore the accuracy of fluid responsiveness assessment by variability of peripheral arterial peak velocity and variability of inferior vena cava diameter (ΔIVC) in patients with septic shock. Methods A prospective study was conducted. The patients with septic shock undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV) admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Beijing Electric Power Hospital from January 2016 to December 2017 were enrolled. According to sepsis bundles of septic shock, volume expansion (VE) was conducted. The increase in cardiac index (ΔCI) after VE ≥ 10% was defined as liquid reaction positive (responsive group), ΔCI < 10% was defined as the liquid reaction negative (non-responsive group). The hemodynamic parameters [central venous pressure (CVP), intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBVI), stroke volume variation (SVV), ΔIVC, variability of carotid Doppler peak velocity (ΔCDPV), and variability of brachial artery peak velocity (ΔVpeak-BA)] before and after VE were monitored. The correlations between the hemodynamic parameters and ΔCI were explored by Pearson correlation analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to analyze the predictive value of all hemodynamic parameters on fluid responsiveness. Results During the study, 74 patients with septic shock were included, of whom 9 were excluded because of peripheral artery stenosis, recurrent arrhythmia or abdominal distension influencing the ultrasound examination, and 65 patients were finally enrolled in the analysis. There were 31 patients in the responsive group and 34 in the non-responsive group. SVV, ΔIVC, ΔCDPV and ΔVpeak-BA before VE in responsive group were significantly higher than those of the non-responsive group [SVV: (12.3±2.4)% vs. (9.2±2.1)%, ΔIVC: (22.3±5.3)% vs. (15.5±3.7)%, ΔCDPV: (15.3±3.3)% vs. (10.3±2.4)%, ΔVpeak-BA: (14.5±3.3)% vs. (9.6±2.3)%, all P < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in CVP [mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 7.5±2.5 vs. 8.2±2.6] or ITBVI (mL/m2: 875.2±173.2 vs. 853.2±192.0) between the responsive group and non-responsive group (both P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in hemodynamic parameter after VE between the two groups. Correlation analysis showed that SVV, ΔIVC, ΔCDPV, and ΔVpeak-BA before VE showed significant linearity correlation with ΔCI (r value was 0.832, 0.813, 0.854, and 0.814, respectively, all P < 0.05), but no correlation was found between CVP and ΔCI (r = -0.342, P > 0.05) as well as ITBVI and ΔCI (r = -0.338, P > 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under ROC curve (AUC) of SVV, ΔIVC, ΔCDPV, and ΔVpeak-BA before VE for predicting fluid responsiveness was 0.857, 0.826, 0.906, and 0.866, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of CVP (AUC = 0.611) and ITBVI (AUC = 0.679). When the optimal cut-off value of SVV for predicting fluid responsiveness was 11.5%, the sensitivity was 70.4%, and the specificity was 94.7%. When the optimal cut-off value of ΔIVC was 20.5%, the sensitivity was 60.3%, and the specificity was 89.7%. When the optimal cut-off value of ΔCDPV was 13.0%, the sensitivity was 75.2%, and the specificity was 94.9%. When the optimal cut-off value of ΔVpeak-BA was 12.7%, the sensitivity was 64.8%, and the specificity was 89.7%. Conclusions Ultrasound assessment of ΔIVC, ΔCDPV, and ΔVpeak-BA could predict fluid responsiveness in patients with septic shock receiving mechanical ventilation. ΔCDPV had the highest predictive value among these parameters.

Predictive effect of the difference of brachial artery peak velocity in different positions on Supine hypo-tension syndrome of parturient after spinal anesthesia / 临床麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of predicting the incidence of supine hy-potension syndrome (SHS)after spinal anesthesia measured by ultrasonic measurement of the varia-tion of brachial artery peak velocity in different positions of parturient.Methods Parturient scheduled for elective cesarean section,ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,were divided into SHS group and no-SHS group (SBP in the upper extremity decreased by > 30 mm Hg or decreased to < 80 mm Hg)after spinal anesthesia.HR,SBP,DBP of supine position and left lateral position before anesthesia were re-corded,and brachial artery peak velocity were measured by Ultrasonic.The differences of the above indexs before and after the transformation position were calculated.The receiver operating characteris-tic curve (ROC)was plotted by indexs of which P values were less than 0.05,to evaluate the predic-tive effect of each index on SHS after spinal anesthesia.Results Among the 196 patients,89 cases (45.4%)developed SHS after spinal anesthesia.SBP,DBP,peak velocity of brachial artery (Vpmin) and brachial artery peak velocity variation (ΔVp)were different before and after the transformation position (P<0.05).The difference in SHS group was significantly higher than no-SHS group.The areas under ROC curve (AUC)of ΔSBP,ΔDBP,ΔVpmin,ΔΔVp were 0.711 (95%CI 0.575-0.846), 0.573 (95%CI 0.419-0.727),0.948 (95% CI 0.895-0.987),0.864 (95% CI 0.770-0.958),and the cut-off values were 17.5 mm Hg,7.6 mm Hg,17.8 cm/s,and 13.1%.Conclusion The differ-ence of brachial artery peak velocity measured by ultrasonic in different positions of parturient can ef-fectively predict the occurrence of SHS,in which ΔVpmin≥ 17.8 cm/s has better predictive effect.

Vadilidation of respirophasic variation in carotid artery blood flow peak velocity as predictors of fluid responsiveness in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery / 临床麻醉学杂志

Objective To assess the accuracy and feasibility of respirophasic variation in carotid artery blood flow peak velocity (△Vpeak-CA) as predictors of fluid responsiveness in laparoscopic surgery.Methods Fifty-five patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries,29 males and 26 females,aged 45-75 years,ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ,with body mass index 20-24 kg/m2,were enrolled.When intra-abdominal pressure was steady at the level of 13-15 mm Hg,6％ hydroxyethylstarch (HES 130/0.4) 500 ml was infused at the speed of 7 ml/kg within 20 minutes.After volume expansion,subjects were classified as responders (group R,n =32) if cardiac index increased (△CI) was≥ 15％ and no responders (group NR,n =23) as △CI＜15％.The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve for △Vpeak-CA in determining the volume expansion responsiveness was plotted,and the diagnostic threshold was determined.The area under curve (AUC) and 95 ％ confidence interval (CI) was calculated.Cardiac index (CI),△Vpeak-CA and stroke volume variation (SW) were independently recorded at 5 minutes after induction (T1),5 minutes after intra-abdominal pressure were stable at the level of 13-15 mm Hg (T2) and 5 minutes after volume expansion (T3).Results △Vpeak-CA is highly negatively correlated with CI (r=-0.843,P＜0.001).The results of ROC curve analysis showed,△Vpeak-CA threshold discriminated between responders and non-responders with a sensitivity of 81.3％ and a specificity of 91.3％,and the AUC was 0.884 (95％ CI 0.793-0.975).Conclusion △Vpeak-CA seems to be a highly feasible and reliable predictor for fluid responsiveness in laparoscopic surgery patients.

Measurement of brachial artery velocity variation and inferior vena cava variability to estimate fluid responsiveness / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To investigate the accuracy and feasibility of brachial artery peak velocity variation (ΔVpeakbrach) and inferior vena cava variability (VIVC) as indicators of fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients. Methods A single-center prospective observation was conducted. The patients on mechanical ventilation with spontaneously breathing admitted to Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from June 2013 to August 2015 were enrolled. The patients were diagnosed as severe sepsis or sepsis shock. The peak velocity in brachial artery and diameter of the inferior vena cava at the end of inspiration and expiration was measured by bedside portable ultrasonic machine, and then ΔVpeakbrach and VIVC were calculated. The hemodynamic parameters were collected at baseline and after volume expansion (VE). The stroke volume (SV) was measured by pulse-indicated continuous cardiac output (PiCCO). Patients were classified as responders or non-responders according to the variation of SV (ΔSV) increased ≥ 15% or not after VE. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was plotted to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of ΔVpeakbrach and VIVC in predicting volume responsiveness. Results Among 58 patients after VE, 32 patients were defined as responders and the rest 26 were defined as non-responders.There were no differences in gender, age, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score, dose of vasoactive agent, ventilator parameters and infection site. Compared with baseline hemodynamic parameters, heart rate (HR) was decreased (bpm: 95±18 vs. 103±21), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) was increased [mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 92±8 vs. 80±7] after VE in responders; central venous pressure (CVP) was increased after VE in non-responders (mmHg: 11±4 vs. 8±3, all P < 0.05). The ΔVpeakbrach [(15.4±4.3)% vs. (11.2±3.5)%] and VIVC [(18.6±4.1)% vs. (14.3±3.6)%] in responders were significantly increased as compared with those of non-responders (both P < 0.05). The area under ROC curve (AUC) of ΔVpeakbrach for predicting volume responsiveness was 0.816. When the cut-off value of ΔVpeakbrach was ≥ 13.3%, the sensitivity was 71.9%, and the specificity was 80.8%. AUC of VIVC for predicting volume responsiveness was 0.733. When the cut-off value of VIVC was ≥ 19.25%, the sensitivity was 53.1%, and the specificity was 88.5%. Conclusion ΔVpeakbrach and VIVC are reliable indicators for predicting volume responsiveness in critical patients.

TESTE DE CARMINATTI: ANÁLISE DA REPRODUTIBILIDADE EM JOVENS MILITARES / CARMINATTI'S TEST: RELIABILITY ANALYSIS IN YOUNG MILITARY

RESUMOO objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a reprodutibilidade relativa e absoluta do pico de velocidade (PVT-CAR) e da frequência cardíaca máxima (FCmáx) determinados no teste incremental de Carminatti (T-CAR) em jovens militares. Vinte e sete militares do sexo masculino (idade = 19,3±1,1 anos, massa corporal = 69,5±7,7 kg, estatura = 1,76±0,9m, percentual de gordura = 8,9±3,2 %) pertencentes à Marinha do Brasil foram recrutados para participar deste estudo. Os participantes foram submetidos a duas sessões de avaliação, separadas por 48 horas, para a determinação do PVT-CAR e FCmáx a partir do protocolo do T-CAR. Os testes foram realizados nomes no horário, como intuito de minimizar a interferência das variações biológicas. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa para o PVT-CAR (t=0,773; p=0,446) e FCmax (t=0,543; p=0,592) entre a situação de teste e reteste. Além disso, o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) do PVT-CARe FCmax foram 0,73 e 0,90, com um coeficiente de variação do erro típico de medida (CVETM) de 1,55% e 1,28%, respectivamente. As análises de Bland-Altman para o PVT-CAR e FCmax também sugerem que houve boa concordância para essas medidas em condições repetidas. Desta forma, os resultados do presente estudo mostram que houve uma baixa variação intra-individual para o PVT-CARe FCmax, resultando em evidências consistentes de reprodutibilidade absoluta (CVETM) erelativa (CCI). Como aplicação prática,o T-CAR parece ser uma estratégia interessante para avaliar a máxima velocidade aeróbia de jovens militares em diferentes momentos do planejamento anual de treinamento.

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to analyse the relative and absolute reliability of peak velocity (PV) and heart rate maximum (HRmax) derived from Carminatti's incremental test (T-CAR) in young military. Twenty-seven healthy male (age = 19.3 ± 1.1 years, body mass = 69.5 ± 7.7 kg, height = 1.76 ± 0.9 m, body fat percentage = 8.9 ± 3.2 %) belonging to Brazil's Navy were recruited to participate in the current study. Participants performed two assessment sessions, separated by 48 h, to determine the PVT-CAR and HRmax from the T-CAR protocol. The tests were performed on the same day time, in order to minimize the interference of biological variations. There was no significant differences for PVT-CAR (t=0.773; p=0.446) and HRmax (t=0.543; p=0.592) between the test-retest situation. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for PVT-CAR and HRmax were 0.73 and 0.90, with a coefficient of variation of the typical error of measurement (CVTETM) of 1.55% and 1.28%, respectively. In addition, Bland-Altman plots for PVT-CAR and HRmax suggest that there was acceptable agreement for these measures in repeated conditions. In conclusion, our finding show that there was a low intra-individual variation for PVT-CAR and HRmax, resulting in consistent evidence of absolute (CVETM) and relative (ICC) reliability. As a practical application, the T-CAR test seems to be an interesting alternative to evaluate the maximal aerobic speed of young military at different moments of the annual training planning.

Dynamic survey of the rabbit models of pulmonary artery embolism by quantitative tissue velocity imaging / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of quantitative tissue velocity imaging ( QTVI ) in the detection of right ventricle function in a rabbit model of pulmonary artery embolism .Methods Twenty-two healthy adult rabbits were used in this study .The animal models of acute pulmonary embolism were created by injecting gelatin sponge into the ear vein of rabbits .The changes of right ventricle function were dynamically observed at immediately , 1 week, and 3 weeks after the establishment of acute pulmonary embolims models .QTVI images of the 4-chamber view at cardiac apex were recorded and analyzed by off-line analysis.Results The VP was significantly reduced immediately after the models were built compared with the data before modeling in both the basal and middle segments , the TQ-S was prolonged , and Ve/Va>1 (P<0.05).The VP at1 week after modeling was not significantly decreased than the data before modeling in both the basal and middle segments , and the TQ-S was prolonged, but the Ve/Va ratio was <1 (P<0.05).At 3 weeks after modeling, the VPwas decreased compared with the data before modeling , and the Ve/Va ratio was <1 (P<0.05). The intra-group comparison showed that the V P of the basal segment of right ventricle free wall was enhanced than that of the middle segment (P<0.05), butTQ-S was not obviously prolonged in both the two segments .Conclusions Quantitative tissue velocity imaging can reflect the contraction and relaxation of right ventricle in rabbits precisely .It is a good method to evaluate the function of right ventricle in animal models of pulmonary artery embolism.

CONSTRUCTION OF DELAYED MENARCHE EVALUATION IN KOREAN FEMALE ATHLETES / 体力科学

In the present study we conducted a regression analysis of age at menarche against Maximum Peak Velocity (MPV) of height in non-athlete Korean girls which was derived with the wavelet interpolation method, and composed linear to quartic regression polynomials to obtain the best regression polynomial. We then applied the age at menarche and age at MPV of height of athletes to the best polynomial regression evaluation, and investigated the validity of a delayed menarche evaluation that we constructed. Moreover, the relation between delayed menarche and menstrual status was examined by investigating delayed menarche and menstrual pain in individuals for the first time. The subjects were 124 second year female students at a physical education high school in the suburbs of Pusan, South Korea. A questionnaire survey of these girls was conducted, from which their date of birth, age at menarche, and athletic activities in elementary, junior high, and high school were obtained. In addition, health check records were examined retrospectively, and longitudinal growth data for height were obtained from the 1st year of elementary school (7 years old) until the second year of high school (17 years old). Next, the same survey as above was also done for second year students at a general high school in the same area, as a control group. Three hundred forty-five non-athletes for whom all data were available were selected. As the results, the third order polynomial was found to be most suitable for the regression polynomial. When it was applied to individual female Korean athletes with respect to the regression evaluation, positive scores were obtained for many athletes and an overall delay in menarche was seen. Delayed menarche was not seen, however, in archery athletes. A strong delay in menarche was thus found in Korean athletes. And it was shown that 80% had moderate or greater menstrual pain and a close relation with menstrual abnormalities, the effectiveness of the delayed menarche evaluation was further validated.

Diferença entre intensidade do exercício prescritapor meio do teste TCAR no solo arenoso e na grama / Prescribed differences in exercise intensity based on the TCARtest over sandy ground and grass

The intensity of training might be influenced by exercise mode and type of terrain. Thus, the objective of this study was a) to compare the physiological indices determined in the TCAR test carried out on natural grass (NG) and sandy ground (SG), and b) to analyze heart rate (HR) and blood lactate responses during constant exercise on SG and NG. Ten soccer players (15.11 ± 1.1 years, 168 ± 4.0 cm, 60 ± 4.0 kg) were submitted to the TCAR test to determine peak velocity (PV) and the intensity corresponding to 80.4% PV (V80.4) on NG and SG. The second evaluation consisted of two constant load tests (CLT) (80.4% PV on NG and SG) with a duration of 27 min. The paired Student t-test was used to compare the tests carried out on NG and SG. ANOVA (two-way), complemented by the Tukey test, was used to compare lactate concentrations [La] at 9, 18 and 27 min between the two types of terrain. A p value <0.05 was adopted. PV and V80.4 (15.3±1.0 and 12.3±0.6 km/h) were significantly higher on grass than on sand (14.3±1.0 and 11.5±0.4 km/h). Lactate concentration during the CLT [LaV80.4] was significantly higher on sand (4.1±0.9 mmol/L) than on grass (2.8±0.7 mmol/L). In the CLT, no significant difference in mean HR was observed between the two terrains, whereas there was a difference in [La]. In conclusion, the type of terrain interferes with indicators associated with aerobic power and capacity obtained by the TCAR test.

The intensity of training might be influenced by exercise mode and type of terrain. Thus, the objective of this study was a) to compare the physiological indices determined in the TCAR test carried out on natural grass (NG) and sandy ground (SG), and b) to analyze heart rate (HR) and blood lactate responses during constant exercise on SG and NG. Ten soccer players (15.11 ± 1.1 years, 168 ± 4.0 cm, 60 ± 4.0 kg) were submitted to the TCAR test to determine peak velocity (PV) and the intensity corresponding to 80.4% PV (V80.4) on NG and SG. The second evaluation consisted of two constant load tests (CLT) (80.4% PV on NG and SG) with a duration of 27 min. The paired Student t-test was used to compare the tests carried out on NG and SG. ANOVA (two-way), complemented by the Tukey test, was used to compare lactate concentrations [La] at 9, 18 and 27 min between the two types of terrain. A p value <0.05 was adopted. PV and V80.4 (15.3±1.0 and 12.3±0.6 km/h) were significantly higher on grass than on sand (14.3±1.0 and 11.5±0.4 km/h). Lactate concentration during the CLT [LaV80.4] was significantly higher on sand (4.1±0.9 mmol/L) than on grass (2.8±0.7 mmol/L). In the CLT, no significant difference in mean HR was observed between the two terrains, whereas there was a difference in [La]. In conclusion, the type of terrain interferes with indicators associated with aerobic power and capacity obtained by the TCAR test.

Spontaneous Resolution of Childhood Nutcracker Syndrome

PURPOSE: Nutcracker syndrome refers to compression of the left renal vein(LRV) between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery(SMA) that results in elevation of pressure in the LRV and development of collateral veins. It must be considered as a possible factor when hematuria or proteinuria occurs in a healthy child. The purpose of this study is to determine the time to spontaneous resolution in childhood nutcracker syndrome, and to observe whether this is affected by sex, age, proteinuria or initial ratio of peak velocity of LRV. METHODS: We investigated 26 patients who were found to have spontaneous resolution by follow-up Doppler ultrasonography among 117 patients diagnosed with nutcracker syndrome by renal Doppler ultrasonography from May 2001 to December 2005. We determined the time to spontaneous resolution in childhood nutcracker syndrome, and observed whether the duration was affected by sex, age, proteinuria or initial ratio of peak velocity. RESULTS: 26 patients(59%) achieved spontaneous resolution by 1.2 years(mean). The time to spontaneous resolution of childhood nutcracker syndrome in 26 patients was 16.71+/-9.99 months(range 6.0-49.2). The time to spontaneous resolution was not affected by sex, age, proteinuria nor initial ratio of peak velocity of LRV. CONCLUSION: More than half of the patients who were diagnosed by renal Doppler ultrasonography achieved spontaneous resolution. The time to spontaneous resolution was not affected by sex, age, proteinuria nor initial ratio of peak velocity of LRV.

Confirmation of delayed menarche based on regression evaluation of age at menarche for age at MPV of height in female ball game players

A general delay in menarche in female athletes has been confirmed based on comparisons of mean ages between athletes and non-athletes; however, it has not been possible to judge such delays individually. If delayed menarche could be evaluated for an individual, the athlete could be advised as to necessary precautions. In this study, the age at maximum peak velocity (MPV) of height, adopted as an index of physical maturation, was identified by the wavelet interpolation method (WIM). The relationship between the age at menarche and age at MPV of height in female athletes and non-athletes was then examined. For the athlete group, health examination records of 90 female ball game players in the first year of university in the Tokai area, all of whom had participated in national level competitions, were reviewed for the period from the first grade of elementary school until the final year of high school (from 1985 to 1996). A similar examination was conducted for the control group, among whom a final group of 78 female non-athletes were selected. The age at menarche was determined by questionnaires, and the longitudinal data for height and weight were obtained from the health examination records. Based on a comparison of the difference between the age at MPV of height and age at menarche in ball game players and the control group, a tendency was seen for the difference between the two ages to narrow as the age at MPV of height rose. A corrected regression evaluation of age at menarche against age at MPV of height was derived in the control group, and the evaluation system was applied to ball game players. The delay in menarche in ball game players could be individually evaluated.

Confirmation of Delayed Menarche Based on Regression Evaluation of Age at Menarche for Age at MPV of Height in Female Ball Game Players

A general delay in menarche in female athletes has been confirmed based on comparisons of mean ages between athletes and non-athletes; however, it has not been possible to judge such delays individually. If delayed menarche could be evaluated for an individual, the athlete could be advised as to necessary precautions. In this study, the age at maximum peak velocity (MPV) of height, adopted as an index of physical maturation, was identified by the wavelet interpolation method (WIM). The relationship between the age at menarche and age at MPV of height in female athletes and non-athletes was then examined. For the athlete group, health examination records of 90 female ball game players in the first year of university in the Tokai area, all of whom had participated in national level competitions, were reviewed for the period from the first grade of elementary school until the final year of high school (from 1985 to 1996). A similar examination was conducted for the control group, among whom a final group of 78 female non-athletes were selected. The age at menarche was determined by questionnaires, and the longitudinal data for height and weight were obtained from the health examination records. Based on a comparison of the difference between the age at MPV of height and age at menarche in ball game players and the control group, a tendency was seen for the difference between the two ages to narrow as the age at MPV of height rose. A corrected regression evaluation of age at menarche against age at MPV of height was derived in the control group, and the evaluation system was applied to ball game players. The delay in menarche in ball game players could be individually evaluated.

Compound anisodine and physical therapy treat child amblyopia:report of 300 cases / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To investigate the combination of compound anisodine and physical therapy in the treatment of amblyopia,and its possible mechanism.Methods Totally 300 outpatients with amblyopia(3 to 14 years old) were randomly and equally divided into treatment group and control group.In the treatment group,subcutaneous injection of compound anisodine(2 ml,once per day) to the superficial temporal artery of eye was given for a course of 14 d and followed by another course after 5 days'interval.Cover treatment was carried out at the same time.The control group was only treated with physical therapy.Vision,central retinal artery peak systolic velocity(PSV) and diastolic resistance index(RI) were measured during the 3 months' follow-up.Results The 3 to 6-year-old efficiency was 75.0%,7 to 9-year-old efficiency was 69.6%,and 10 to 14-year-old efficiency was 61.1% ;The difference of efficiency between therapy group and control group was very significant(P0.05).Conclusion Compound anisodine plus physical therapy for amblyopia at different ages and varying degrees are effective and safe.The mechanism may be due to enhanced retinal blood supply.

The therapeutic effects of intermittent hypoxia therapy in isolated systolic hypertension patients / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To study the therapeutic effects of intermittent hypoxia therapy(IHT)in isolated systolic hypertension(ISH)patients with elevated cerebral blood flow velocity(Vp),and to explore the mechanisms involved.Methods Seventy-six ISH patients with increasing Vp and normal pulsatility index(PI)of the middle ce- rebral artery(MCA)were randomly divided into a therapy group and a control group.IHT was administrated in the therapy group,and air in the control group.The Vp and PI of the MCA and blood pressure(BP)were observed be- fore and after treatment.Results Vp and systolic blood pressure(SBP)were significantly reduced after IHT(P＜0.01)compared with the therapy group's scores betore treatment,but PI and diastolic blood pressure showed no sig- nificant difference.There was no significant change in BP,Vp or PI in the control group before or after treatment. Conclusion IHT has therapeutic effects on ISH by reducing Vp and moderating SBP.

Doppler Echocardiographic Assessment of Pre-& Post-Operative Peak Velocity Changes of Four Cardiac Valves in the Left to Right Shunt Lesions

Two-dimensional Doppler echocardiographic velocity profiles of four cardiac valves in a group of 85 infants and children with left to right shunt lesions(VSD, ASD and PDA) are presented. Velocities were obtained before operation and 10 days afterward. The results were as follows ; 1) VSD(type 2) Peak velocities of mitral valve were significantly decreased when compared preop. with postop. echocardiogram(n=37, preop 132+/-24, postop 98+/-16 cm/sec, p0.05). Aortic valve velocities showed no significant changes (n=10, perop 134+/-23, postop 121+/-25cm/sec, p>0.05). Peak velocities of pulmonic valve were significantly decreased(n=28, perop 138+/-37, postop 107+/-27cm/sec, p<0.005). This study demonstrates that Doppler echocardiographic assessment of velovity changes are correlated with known hemodynamic data and also will be a good index in the evaluation of operation.