Correlation between peak expiratory flow rate and pectoralis muscle length

Background: Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is a measure of the maximum speed of exhalation after a deep inspiration. The peak expiratory flow is measured by a device named peak flow meter. This study concentrates on the correlation of the PEFR with the pectoral muscle length.Methods: It is a cross sectional study of 30 convenient samples based on gender distribution where the PEFR and pectoralis muscle length were measured in the subjects.Results: Statistical analysis shows that there is a significant correlation between right pectoralis major general muscle length and PEFR (p=0.030), left pectoralis major general muscle length and PEFR (p=0.014), right pectoralis major clavicular end muscle length with PEFR (p=0.010).Conclusions: There is a significant correlation between peak expiratory flow and pectoralis muscle length.

A novel pectoral muscle segmentation from scanned mammograms using EMO algorithm

Mammogram images are majorly used for detecting the breast cancer. The level of positivity of breast cancer is detected after excluding the pectoral muscle from mammogram images. Hence, it is very significant to identify and segment the pectoral muscle from the mammographic images. In this work, a new multilevel thresholding, on the basis of electro-magnetism optimization (EMO) technique, is proposed. The EMO works on the principle of attractive and repulsive forces among the charges to develop the members of a population. Here, both Kapur's and Otsu based cost functions are employed with EMO separately. These standard functions are executed over the EMO operator till the best solution is achieved. Thus, optimal threshold levels can be identified for the considered mammographic image. The proposed methodology is applied on all the three twenty-two mammogram images available in mammographic image analysis society dataset, and successful segmentation of the pectoral muscle is achieved for majority of the mammogram images. Hence, the proposed algorithm is found to be robust for variations in the pectoral muscle.

Morphometry of pectoral muscle fiber and intestinal villi of Calidris pusilla during the wintering period in Brazil / Morfometria da fibra muscular peitoral e das vilosidades intestinais de Calidris pusilla durante o período de invernada no Brasil

Migration is an event observed in several animals, such as shorebirds moving between the northern and southern hemispheres, during breeding and wintering intervals. Morphophysiological adaptations are necessary to allow the maintenance of migratory cycles and, therefore, studies with this focus can help clarify biological aspects related to migration. We analyzed the morphology variation in pectoral muscles and intestinal mucosa of Calidris pusilla, during different phases of the wintering period on the coast of Brazil. Fragments of pectoral muscles and duodenal were collected, fixed and processed for histology according to standard procedure, from specimens captured in a locality on the Brazilian coast. Modifications were found in the measured parameters among the three phases of wintering, arrival in Brazil (October, mid-period), January and departure to the Northern Hemisphere - May. The registered structural dynamism characterizes the growth of flight musculature and intestinal changes related to nutrition. Such changes occur temporarily due to the activities of preparation and migration between the northern and southern hemispheres.(AU)

A migração é um evento observado em vários animais, como as aves limícolas que se deslocam entre os hemisférios norte e sul, durante os intervalos de reprodução e invernada. Adaptações morfofisiológicas são necessárias para permitir a manutenção dos ciclos migratórios e, portanto, estudos com esse enfoque podem ajudar a esclarecer aspectos biológicos relacionados à migração. Analisamos a variação morfológica nos músculos peitorais e mucosa intestinal de Calidris pusilla, durante diferentes fases do período de invernada no litoral brasileiro. Fragmentos de músculos peitorais e duodenais foram coletados, fixados e processados ​​para histologia de acordo com o procedimento padrão, a partir de espécimes capturados na localidade da costa brasileira. O dinamismo estrutural registrado caracteriza o crescimento da musculatura de vôo e as alterações intestinais relacionadas à nutrição. As mudanças nos parâmetros medidos entre as três fases do inverno, chegada ao Brasil (outubro, meio período), janeiro e saída para o Hemisfério Norte. Tais mudanças ocorrem temporariamente devido às atividades de preparação e migração entre os hemisférios norte e sul.(AU)

Cinta do músculo peitoral maior nas mamoplastias: experiência pessoal / Pectoralis major muscle strap in mammoplasty: personal experience

Introdução: Alguns autores têm divulgado resultados de mamoplastias com cinta muscular do músculo peitoral, utilizando parâmetros subjetivos e sem um grupo de comparação. Em 2011, Swanson propôs um protocolo com parâmetros objetivos e não observador dependentes, baseado em medidas fotográficas padronizadas para avaliação estética das cirurgias mamárias. Com base nestas informações, este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a influência da cinta do músculo peitoral maior comparativamente à técnica sem uso de cinta nas mamoplastias, conforme proposto por Swanson. Método: Coorte retrospectiva envolvendo 18 mulheres submetidas à mamoplastia bilateral primária por ptose e/ou hipertrofia mamária operadas consecutivamente por um único cirurgião de março de 2010 a novembro de 2012. As 36 mamas foram divididas em dois grupos (18 mamas no grupo em que a mamoplastia foi confeccionada com cinta muscular e 18 no grupo sem cinta muscular) e avaliadas por estudo fotométrico no pré-operatório e após seis meses da cirurgia. Os resultados de cada mama foram analisados com o uso do programa "SPSS 20 for MAC". Resultados: A evolução percentual da elevação da projeção mamária média, no grupo com cinta foi 15,32 ± 2,41% superior ao grupo sem cinta (p < 0,001, IC95% de 10,41 a 20,22). O mesmo foi observado na projeção do polo superior, que foi 24,2 ± 3,71% maior (p < 0,001, IC95% de 16,65 a 31,82) do que no grupo em que a cinta não foi utilizada. Conclusão: A cinta muscular mostrou-se efetiva para o preenchimento do polo superior da mama e para a manutenção da sua projeção no período de até seis meses após a mamoplastia.

Introduction: Several authors have reported on mammoplasty procedures using a pectoral muscle strap, but evaluated these techniques subjectively without a comparison group. In 2011, Swanson proposed a protocol including objective parameters that was based on standardized photographic measures for the aesthetic assessment of breast surgeries. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of the pectoralis major muscle strap compared to a technique that does not use a muscle strap as proposed by Swanson. Method: This retrospective cohort study included 18 women who underwent primary bilateral mammoplasty to correct breast ptosis and/or hypertrophy performed consecutively by a single surgeon between March 2010 and November 2012. Thirty-six breasts were divided in two groups (18 breasts in the group with a muscle strap, Group I; and 18 in the group without a muscle strap, Group II) and the outcome was assessed in a photometric study comparing the preoperative appearance to the 6-month-postoperative appearance. The results of each breast were analyzed using SPSS version 20 for Mac software. Results: The average percentage evolution of breast projection elevation in Group I was 15.32 ± 2.41% higher than that in Group II (p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.41­20.22). The same result was observed for upper pole projection, which was 24.2 ± 3.71% higher (p < 0.001, 95% CI, 16.65-31.82) in Group I than in Group II. Conclusion: Use of the muscle strap effectively filled the upper pole of the breast and maintained its projection for a post-mammoplasty period up to 6 months.