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1.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-217596

ABSTRACT

Background: Children are more prone to suffer from recurrent infections of respiratory tract due to their immature developed airway, lungs, and immunity, which makes lower respiratory tract infections as one of the most commonly encountered diseases in PICU and one of the leading causes of death among children below 5 years of age. Antimicrobials are one of the commonly prescribed drugs for respiratory tract infections which act as double edged sword as it has saved many lives from dreadful infections and also its injudicious use can give rise to antimicrobial resistance that can endanger many patients’ lives. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze the pattern of antimicrobial drugs used in in-patients admitted to pediatric intensive care unit with respiratory tract infections and to identify the factors to decide the selection of antibiotics. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in Pediatrics along with Pharmacology Department of VIMS, Bellary. After obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee, the study was conducted. Patients were enrolled in the study after obtaining written informed consent from the patient’s informants. Children of age group 1?12 years, suffering from infections of respiratory tract admitted in PICU who were treated with antibiotics were analyzed in our study. Based on the clinical presentation, the diagnosis of RTI was done by treating pediatrician. Results: In our institute, children of under 5 age group, that is, 2?5 years, about 40% of patients were hospitalized in PICU. Male patient’s preponderance was present about 57.5%. Common most respiratory infection seen was bronchopneumonia (46.5%), followed by lower respiratory tract infection (20.5%) and lobar pneumonia (14.5%). All of these patients were involved with other associated conditions, namely, febrile convulsions, severe anemia, and respiratory distress. Conclusion: Prescribing pattern in pediatric intensive care unit showed the preference of using two antibiotics to treat respiratory tract infections. Ceftriaxone and combination of amoxicillin + clavulanic acid were preferred as first-line antibiotics. Amikacin and vancomycin were used as secondline drugs. Piperacillin, tazobactam, and vancomycin were the next line antimicrobial agents. These drugs were given to patients by parenteral routes such as IV and IM.

2.
Nursing (Ed. bras., Impr.) ; 24(283): 6818-6831, dez. 2021.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1371927

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Adaptar, para a língua portuguesa do Brasil, o instrumento Withdrawal Assessment Tool Version (WAT ­1). Métodos: Pesquisa metodológica, realizada no município de São Paulo/SP de março de 2017 a abril de 2019. O processo de adaptação cultural obedeceu às dez etapas definidas segundo o Report of the ISPOR Task Force for Translation and CulturalAdaptation, sendo realizado avaliação das equivalências semântica, idiomáticas, conceitual e cultural, por um comitê de nove juízes; avaliação da compreensibilidade do instrumento por 30 especialistas em Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica; revisão da avaliação da compreensibilidade; revisão final da tradução; relatório final. Resultados: A concordância entre os juízes na análise das equivalências apresentou escore médio de 96,9% na segunda rodada, devido a concordância de 80% na primeira etapa. Já, na avaliação da compreensibilidade, obteve-se 100% de compreensão dos especialistas. Conclusão: A tradução e adaptação cultural do instrumento wat-1 para língua portuguesa falada no Brasil foram consideradas satisfatórias(AU)


Objective: To adapt the Withdrawal Assessment Tool Version (WAT - 1) to the Portuguese language of Brazil. Methods: Methodological research, carried out in the city of São Paulo/SP from March 2017 to April 2019. The process of cultural adaptation followed the ten stages defined according to the Report of the ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation: authorization; translation, reconciliation, backtranslation; back-translation review; harmonization, with the evaluation of semantic, idiomatic, conceptual and cultural equivalences carried out by a committee of nine judges; evaluation of the comprehensibility of the instrument by 30 specialists in Pediatric Intensive Care TIP; review of the comprehensibility assessment; final translation review; final report. Results: The adapted instrument was divided into 35 sentences, being evaluated by nine judges regarding their equivalences. The agreement among the judges in the analysis of equivalences proved to be excellent, with an average score of 96.9% in these cond round. There was a need for two rounds, as some items did not show 80% agreement in the first stage. In the comprehensibility assessment, 100% of the specialists' understanding was obtained. Conclusion: The translation and cultural adaptation of the wat-1 instrument to the Portuguese language spoken in Brazil were considered satisfactory.(AU)


Objetivo: Adaptar la Versión de la Herramienta de Evaluación de Retiros (WAT - 1) al idioma portugués de Brasil. Métodos: Investigación metodológica, realizada en la ciudad de São Paulo/SP de marzo de 2017 a abril de 2019. Cuyo proceso de adaptación cultural siguió las diez etapas definidas según el Informe del Grupo de Trabajo ISPOR para la Traducción y Adaptación Cultural: autorización; traducción, reconciliación, retrotraducción; revisión de la retrotraducción; armonización, con la evaluación de equivalencias semánticas, idiomáticas, conceptuales y culturales realizada por un comité de nueve jueces; evaluación de la comprensibilidad del instrumento por 30 especialistas en Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos TIP; revisión de la evaluación de comprensibilidad; revisión final de la traducción; informe final. Resultados: El instrumento adaptado se dividió en 35 sentencias, siendo evaluadas por nueve jueces en cuanto a sus equivalencias. La concordancia entre los jueces en el análisis de equivalencias resultó excelente, con una puntuación media de 96,9% en la segunda vuelta. Hubo necesidad de dos rondas, ya que algunos ítems no mostraron un 80% de acuerdo en la primera etapa. En la etapa de la evaluación de comprensibilidad, se obtuvo el 100% de la comprensión de los especialistas. Conclusión: La traducción y adaptación cultural del instrumento wat-1 al idioma portugués hablado en Brasil fue considerada satisfactoria.(AU)


Subject(s)
Pediatric Nursing , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Validation Study , Deep Sedation
3.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1043114

ABSTRACT

Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa baseada em narrativas produzidas por meio de entrevistas e oficinas. O estudo pretende demonstrar como profissionais de saúde de sete especialidades de uma UTI neonatal e pediátrica de um Hospital Público Municipal, no interior do Rio de Janeiro, identificam sinais de sofrimento no trabalho. Esses profissionais lidam com nascimento, dor e morte de crianças, mas não incluem essa experiência como parte integrante de seus cotidianos de trabalho. Aposta-se que o uso de narrativas seja um dispositivo capaz de incluir as dimensões da experiência dos quais tenta-se afastar, bem como produzir conhecimentos sobre a vida e a morte nos processos de trabalho.


This paper describes a qualitative research based on narratives collected by means of interviews and workshops. It aims to reveal in what way health professionals from seven specialties of a neonatal and pediatric ICU of a Municipal Public Hospital in the interior of Rio de Janeiro identify signs of suffering at work. These professionals deal with the birth, pain and death of children, but do not include this experience as an integral part into their daily work. We believe that the use of narratives is a device that allows to incorporate the dimensions of these denied experiences and to produce knowledge about life and death in work processes.


Cette recherche qualitative est basée sur des récits produits à travers d'entretiens et d'ateliers. L'étude a pour but de démontrer de quelle façon des professionnels de la santé de sept spécialités d'une unité de soins intensifs néonatals et pédiatriques d'un hôpital public municipal à l'intérieur de l'état de Rio de Janeiro identifient les signes de souffrance au travail. Ces professionnels sont confrontés à la naissance, la douleur et au décès d'enfants, mais ils n'incluent pas cette expérience dans leur travail quotidien. Nous concluons que la production de récits leur permet d'intégrer les dimensions de l'expérience desquelles ils essaient de se distancer, ainsi que de produire des connaissances sur la vie et la mort au travail.


Se trata de una investigación cualitativa basada en narrativas, producidas mediante encuestas y talleres. El estudio pretende demostrar de qué forma los profesionales de salud de siete especialidades de una UCI neonatal y pediátrica de un hospital público municipal, en el interior de Río de Janeiro, identifican señales de sufrimiento en el trabajo. Estos profesionales se enfrentan con el nacimiento, el dolor y la muerte de niños, pero no incluyen esta experiencia como parte integrante de su vida cotidiana de trabajo. Se apuesta a que el uso de narrativas sea un dispositivo capaz de incluir las dimensiones de la experiencia de las que intenta alejarse, así como producir conocimientos sobre la vida y la muerte en los procesos de trabajo.


Dieser Artikel beschreibt eine qualitative Studie, die auf Erzählungen basiert, die während Interviews und Workshops gesammelt wurden. Die Studie stellt dar, wie Gesundheitspersonal von sieben Fachgebieten einer neonatalen und pädiatrischen Intensivstation eines städtischen Krankenhauses im Inland des Staates von Rio de Janeiro Anzeichen von Leiden bei der Arbeit erkennen. Dieses Personal ist der Geburt, den Schmerzen und dem Tod von Kindern ausgesetzt, berücksichtigt diese Erfahrungen jedoch nicht als wesentlichen Bestandteil seiner täglichen Arbeit. Die Verwendung von Erzählungen ist hier ein Mittel, um die Dimensionen dieser Erfahrungen, die man zu vermeiden versucht, zu verarbeiten (Bruner, 1991) und Wissen über Leben und Tod anhand von Arbeitsprozessen zu produzieren.

4.
Psicol. soc. (Online) ; 29: e161193, 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-955850

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar a micropolítica das relações interprofissionais em uma unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica. Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem qualitativa, de cunho cartográfico, com observações da dinâmica das relações entre os sujeitos, entrevistas com 14 profissionais, no período de junho a agosto de 2014. As relações interprofissionais são constituídas em um território híbrido formado pela interseção dos saberes biomédicos, práticas de trabalho intervencionistas com aparelhos tecnológicos, reguladas por normas, protocolos e pelo lidar com crianças e seus pais. O afeto despertado nos profissionais frente à espontaneidade e sofrimento de crianças desestabiliza o plano normativo e científico do trabalho em prol da estabilização orgânica das crianças, desencadeando novos agenciamentos dos profissionais, ora flexibilizando as normas, ora intensificando comportamentos controladores e perfeccionistas. Aponta-se a importância da potencialização dos agenciamentos inventivos dos profissionais e criação de dispositivos para ações coletivas e saberes que promovam a associação da clínica da vida junto à da sobrevida.


Resumen Este estudio tuve como objetivo analizar las relaciones interprofesionales y micropoliticas en una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos. Se trata de un estudio con un enfoque cualitativo, de carácter cartográfico, con observación de la dinámica de las relaciones entre los profesionales y entrevistas con 14 profesionales llevadas a cabo de junio a agosto de 2014. Las relaciones interprofesionales se constituyen en un territorio híbrido formado por la intersección del conocimiento biomédico, prácticas intervencionistas con dispositivos tecnológicos, regulados por normas, protocolos y por el tratamiento a los niños y sus padres. El afecto despertado en los profesionales frente a la espontaneidad y el sufrimiento de los niños desestabiliza el plan normativo y científico de lo trabajo em favor de la estabilización orgánica de los niños, desencadenando nuevos agenciamientos de los profesionales, ora flexibilizando las normas, ora intensificando comportamientos controladores y perfeccionistas. Se señala la importancia de la potenciación de los agenciamientos inventivos de los profesionales y creación de dispositivos para acciones colectivas y saberes que promuevan la asociación de la clínica de la vida a de la supervivencia.


Abstract This study aimed to analyze the micropolitics of interbranch relations in a pediatric intensive care unit. It is a study with a qualitative approach, of cartographic character. Observations of the dynamics of relationships between the professionals and interviews with fourteen professionals from June to August 2014 were carried out. Interbranch relations are constituted in a hybrid territory formed by the intersection of biomedical knowledge, interventionist work practices with technological gadgets, which are regulated by standards, protocols, and by dealing with children and their parents. The affection aroused in professional front of spontaneity and children's suffering destabilizes the regulatory and scientific plan of work towards the organic stabilization of children, unleashing new agencies of the professionals, sometimes loosening the rules, sometimes intensifying behaviors controllers and perfectionists. This paper also points out the importance of empowering the professionals' inventive agencies, and creating mechanisms for collective action and knowledge towards promoting the clinical association of life with the survival.


Subject(s)
Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Interprofessional Relations , Attitude to Death , Health Personnel , Humanization of Assistance
5.
Indian J Pathol Microbiol ; 2016 Apr-June 59(2): 197-199
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-179472

ABSTRACT

Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is a significant opportunistic pathogen in hospitalized and immunocompromised patients, particularly in cystic fibrosis. It is widely distributed in natural habitats such as soil and water and frequently encountered in nosocomial outbreaks due to contaminated disinfectants and medical devices. However reports on outbreaks due to this organism are lacking from the Indian subcontinent. We report here a sporadic outbreak due to BCC which occurred in the pediatric Intensive Care Unit of our institute, the probable source being contaminated distilled water. The isolate from three babies and environmental sources including distilled water were identical and confirmed as BCC. Strict infection control measures were instituted to prevent the spread of infection. This report highlights the potential role of B.cepacia in causing sporadic outbreaks especially in ICUs, associated with water.

6.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2016. 177 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-870150

ABSTRACT

As Unidades de Tratamento Intensivo possuem alta tecnologia, protocolos e rotinas para o controle dos processos do atendimento de pacientes em estado crítico. Entre essas unidades, a pediátrica apresenta-se ainda mais complexa, haja vista a demanda de acolhimento das crianças e de seus pais. Considerando o modelo assistencial vigente no país, espera-se que a atenção à saúde seja integral, humanizada e resolutiva. No entanto, estudos apontam dificuldades no trabalho em equipe nessas unidades em função das disputas de poder e corporativismo. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a constituição de subjetividade implicada nas relações interprofissionais em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica, a fim de potencializar a ampliação de novos modos de pensar e de se relacionar dos profissionais consigo e com os outros. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, caracterizada como Estudo de Caso. Para tal, foram realizadas observações sistemáticas sobre a dinâmica do setor, as práticas de trabalho, seus instrumentos, prescrições e as dinâmicas das relações entre os sujeitos envolvidos no trabalho. Tais observações buscaram cartografar os fluxos de forças nas dinâmicas no setor, afetos, movimentos e deslocamentos vivenciados ante acontecimentos no cotidiano. Na perspectiva cartográfica, os afetos são percebidos pelos afetos do pesquisador, sendo necessário uma análise de implicação. Esta pesquisa caracteriza-se como pesquisa de cunho autorreflexivo, com interesse de produzir movimentos e novos agenciamentos nas relações entre os sujeitos — pesquisados e pesquisadores —, entendendo que não há separação entre o pesquisador e o objeto de estudo. Ademais, durante as observações, foram realizadas entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado a um grupo heterogêneo de profissionais, escolhidos intencionalmente. Foi utilizada análise de discurso na perspectiva foucaultiana, identificando os...


Intensive Care Units have high technology, protocols, and routines for the control of the assistance processes of patients in critical condition. Among those units, pediatric ones are even more complex, given the demand for care of children and their parents. Considering the current health care model in the country, it is expected that health care is comprehensive, humane and resolute. However, studies indicate difficulties in teamwork in those units due to disputes of power and corporatism. The aim of this study was to analyze the constitution of subjectivity implicated in the inter-professional relationships in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, in order to enhance the expansion of new ways of thinking and relating of professionals with themselves and with others. It is a qualitative research, characterized as Case Study. To this end, we carried out systematic observations on the dynamics of the sector, the work practices, their instruments, prescriptions, and the dynamics of relations between the subjects involved in the work. Such observations sought to map the flow of forces in the dynamics in the sector, affections, movements, and displacements experienced before events in daily life. In the cartographic perspective, the affections are perceived by the affections of the researcher, requiring an implication analysis. This research is characterized as that of a self-reflexive nature, interested in producing movements and new assemblages in the relations between the subjects — object of study and researchers —, with the understanding that there is no separation between the researcher and the object of study. Moreover, during the observations semi-structured interviews were carried out with a diverse group of professionals, chosen intentionally. Discourse analysis in the foucauldian perspective was used, identifying the statements that compose the discursive formations. The results point to a standardized territory, in which clinical protocols...


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Facility Environment , Power, Psychological , Interprofessional Relations , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Philosophy, Nursing , Humanization of Assistance , Surveys and Questionnaires , Qualitative Research
7.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 89(6): 523-530, nov.-dez. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-697125

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: revisar a evolução das definições de síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo e apresentar a proposta atual para a mesma. FONTES DOS DADOS: revisão bibliográfica e seleção de publicações mais relevantes sobre as definições de síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo, utilizando a base de dados MEDLINE®/PubMed® Resources Guide (últimos dez anos), além da inclusão dos artigos mais importantes (artigos clássicos) que descrevem a evolução da doença. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: revisão incluiu os seguintes tópicos: introdução; importância da definição; descrição do primeiro critério diagnóstico e das definições utilizadas subsequentemente, como o escore de lesão pulmonar aguda, definição da Conferência de Consenso Americana- Europeia e suas limitações, descrição da definição de Delphi e seus problemas; acurácia das definições citadas e descrição da definição mais recente (Definição de Berlim) e suas limitações; e importância prática da nova definição. CONCLUSÕES: a síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo é uma doença grave, que consiste em um contínuo desafio diagnóstico e terapêutico. A evolução das definições utilizadas para descrever a doença evidencia que estudos são necessários para validar a definição atual, principalmente em pediatria, onde os dados são muito escassos.


OBJECTIVE: to review the evolution of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) definitions and present the current definition for the syndrome. DATA SOURCE: a literature review and selection of the most relevant articles on ARDS definitions was performed using the MEDLINE®/PubMed® Resource Guide database (last ten years), in addition to including the most important articles (classic articles) that described the disease evolution. DATA SYNTHESIS: the review included the following subjects: introduction; importance of definition; description of the first diagnostic criterion and subsequently used definitions, such as acute lung injury score; definition by the American-European Consensus Conference, and its limitations; description of the definition by Delphi, and its problems; accuracy of the aforementioned definitions; description of most recent definition (the Berlin definition), and its limitations; and practical importance of the new definition. CONCLUSIONS: ARDS is a serious disease that remains an ongoing diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The evolution of definitions used to describe the disease shows that studies are needed to validate the current definition, especially in pediatrics, where the data are very scarce.


Subject(s)
Adult , Child , Humans , Acute Lung Injury/diagnosis , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/diagnosis , Terminology as Topic , Consensus Development Conferences as Topic , Delphi Technique , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Risk Factors , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/classification , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors
8.
Aletheia ; (40): 174-184, abr. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-717411

ABSTRACT

O adoecimento e a hospitalização infantil provocam experiências emocionais complexas e intensas nos familiares e demais envolvidos. Esse relato de experiência tem como objetivo apresentar um trabalho de intervenção psicológica em grupo de pais e acompanhantes de crianças internadas na UTI pediátrica de um Hospital Universitário da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Foram realizados 24 encontros, conduzidos por acadêmicas de Psicologia, supervisionadas por psicólogas, com duração de 90 minutos e frequência semanal, dos quais participaram 57 pais e familiares, com idades entre 16 e 59. Nos grupos, foram discutidos temas ligados ao impacto da hospitalização para os pais e na interação do paciente com os cuidadores e familiares. Os resultados foram apresentados em duas grandes categorias: sentimentos diante da internação e impacto da intervenção para os pais e foram discutidos à luz da literatura. Destaca-se o benefício desse atendimento, para a troca de experiências e informações entre os responsáveis. O estabelecimento de diretrizes para a atuação do psicólogo na UTI pediátrica pode contribuir para o aprofundamento e continuidade desse tipo de intervenção, a partir de cuidados humanizados e criação de redes de apoio.


The child illness and its hospitalization causes complex and intense emotional experiences not only for the patient as well as to parents and relatives. This experience report aims to present a group psychological intervention with parents and caregivers of children admitted to a pediatric ICU, of a university hospital, in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, where 24 meetings were held by psychology students and a teacher who supervised them. The groups were offered every week, and lasted 90 minutes, 57 parents and relatives took part in the meetings. Their age varied from 16 to 59 years-old. The themes discussed were issues related to the impact of hospitalization and its consequences to interaction between them and in the family. The results were presented in two categories: feelings concerning admission and the impact of the intervention. The data was discussed based on the literature. The benefits of this groups and the experience exchange between its members were highlighted. Further contributions could be establishing guidelines for the psychologist work at pediatric ICU, that can collaborate to the deepening and continuity of such interventions, through humanized care and creation of social support networks.

9.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 45(4): 475-479, July-Aug. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-646916

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to determine the epidemiology of the three most common nosocomial infections (NI), namely, sepsis, pneumonia, and urinary tract infection (UTI), in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in a developing country and to define the risk factors associated with NI. METHODS: We performed a prospective study on the incidence of NI in a single PICU, between August 2009 and August 2010. Active surveillance by National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) was conducted in the unit and children with NI (cases) were compared with a group (matched controls) in a case-control fashion. RESULTS: We analyzed 172 patients; 22.1% had NI, 71.1% of whom acquired it in the unit. The incidence densities of sepsis, pneumonia, and UTI per 1,000 patients/day were 17.9, 11.4, and 4.3, respectively. The most common agents in sepsis were Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli (18% each); Staphylococcus epidermidis was isolated in 13% of cases. In pneumonias Staphylococcus aureus was the most common cause (3.2%), and in UTI the most frequent agents were yeasts (33.3%). The presence of NI was associated with a long period of hospitalization, use of invasive devices (central venous catheter, nasogastric tube), and use of antibiotics. The last two were independent factors for NI. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of NI acquired in this unit was high and was associated with extrinsic factors.


INTRODUÇÃO: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a epidemiologia das três infecções hospitalares (IH) mais comuns - sepse, pneumonia e infecção do trato urinário (ITU) - em uma unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica (UTIP) de um país em desenvolvimento e definir os fatores de risco associados com IH. MÉTODOS:Nós desenvolvemos um estudo prospectivo de incidência de IH em uma única UTIP, entre agosto/2009 e agosto/2010. Foi conduzida uma vigilância ativa pelo National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) na Unidade e as crianças com IH (casos) foram comparadas com um grupo (controles) em um estudo caso-controle. RESULTADOS: Nós analisamos 172 pacientes, 22,1% com IH, 71,1% adquirida na Unidade. A densidade de incidência de sepse, pneumonia e ITU por 1.000 pacientes/dia foram 17,9, 11,4, e 4,3, respectivamente. Os agentes mais comuns na sepse foram Enterococcus faecalis e Escherichia coli (18% cada), e Staphylococcus epidermidis foram isolados em 13% dos casos. Nas pneumonias Staphylococcus aureus foram os agentes mais comuns (3,2%), e nas ITUs os agentes mais frequentes foram os fungos (33,3%). A presença de IH foi associada com tempo de hospitalização prolongado, uso de procedimentos invasivos (CVC, sonda nasogástrica) e uso de antibióticos. Os dois últimos foram fatores independentes para o desenvolvimento de IH. CONCLUSÕES: A incidência de IH adquirida na Unidade foi alta, associada a fatores de risco extrínsecos.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification , Pneumonia, Bacterial/epidemiology , Sepsis/epidemiology , Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross Infection/microbiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric/statistics & numerical data , Pneumonia, Bacterial/microbiology , Sepsis/microbiology , Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology
10.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 88(3): 227-232, maio-jun. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-640777

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Verificar a frequência de hipomagnesemia em pacientes pediátricos submetidos a artrodese de coluna, avaliando se há queda significativa nas dosagens de magnésio sérico nos períodos pré e pós-operatório, quais suas possíveis causas e quais as consequências clínicas para os pacientes. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo e descritivo dos pacientes admitidos em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva pediátrica no pós-operatório de artrodese de coluna, no período de 1º de março a 31 de agosto de 2011. Foram comparados os níveis de magnésio, fósforo, cálcio total e ionizado no pré-operatório com os valores encontrados após a admissão na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 45 pacientes, com idade média de 13,1 anos. No pré-operatório, o valor médio do magnésio foi de 1,8±0,2 mg/dL, e no pós-operatório, de 1,4±0,2 mg/dL, o que demonstra uma queda significativa entre os dois períodos (p < 0,001). A frequência de hipomagnesemia foi de somente um paciente (2%) no pré-operatório para 31 (68%) no pós-operatório. Houve também queda significativa nos níveis de fósforo (p < 0,001) e cálcio total (p < 0,001). Houve correlação significativa entre a queda do magnésio e o volume de fluido recebido durante a cirurgia (p = 0,03), volume de transfusão sanguínea (p < 0,001) e número de vértebras fixadas (p < 0,05). Dos 31 pacientes com hipomagnesemia, sete (22%) apresentaram sintomas. CONCLUSÃO: Existe uma elevada frequência de hipomagnesemia em pacientes submetidos a artrodese de coluna. Ao realizar a dosagem do magnésio sérico no momento da admissão na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, a reposição adequada pode ser prontamente iniciada, minimizando o risco de complicações.


OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of hypomagnesaemia in pediatric patients after spinal fusion, to verify whether postoperative magnesium levels were lower than preoperative levels and, if so, to identify possible causes and assess the clinical repercussions for patients. METHODS: This was a retrospective descriptive study of pediatric patients admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) after spine fusion surgery, between March 1 and August 31, 2011. Preoperative magnesium, phosphorus and total and ionized calcium concentrations were compared with the results of tests conducted during the first 24 hours after admission to the ICU. RESULTS: A total of 45 patients were enrolled on the study. Median age was 13.1 years. Preoperative mean serum magnesium was 1.8±0.2 mg/dL and postoperative serum magnesium was 1.4±0.2 mg/dL, which was a significant reduction between the two periods (p < 0.001). The frequency of hypomagnesaemia rose from 1 patient (2%) in the preoperative period to 31 patients (68%) during the postoperative period. There were also significant reductions in concentrations of phosphorus (p < 0.001) and total calcium (p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between magnesium reductions and the volume of fluids administered during the surgery (p = 0.03), transfused blood volume (p < 0.001) and number of vertebrae fused (p < 0.05). Seven of the 31 patients with hypomagnesemia exhibited symptoms (22%). CONCLUSION: There was an elevated frequency of hypomagnesemia in patients who underwent spinal fusion. Serum magnesium should be assayed when patients are admitted to the pediatric ICU, so appropriate supplementation can be initiated immediately, minimizing the risk of complications.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Magnesium Deficiency/etiology , Magnesium/blood , Spinal Fusion/adverse effects , Brazil/epidemiology , Calcium/blood , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Magnesium Deficiency/blood , Magnesium Deficiency/epidemiology , Phosphorus/blood , Retrospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Scoliosis/surgery
11.
Nursing (Ed. bras., Impr.) ; 18(211): 820-825, maio.2011. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-796689

ABSTRACT

Esta pesquisa de campo com abordagem qualitativa tem como objetivo conhecer a percepção dos pais sobre a internação de seu filho em uma unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica. Os dados foram coletados em outubro a dezembro de 2008, utilizando-se de entrevista semiestruturada e gravada. Foram entrevistados um pai e seis mães, em uma unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica de um hospital particular na cidade de São Paulo. As pesquisadoras escolheram as referências teóricas baseadas na Análise de Conteúdo segundo Bardin. Encontrou-se nas falas dos pais que vivenciaram a experiência da hospitalização, que algumas informações não são apresentadas de forma clara e concisa, ou são omitidas pela equipe multiprofissional por vários motivos, somando-se assim, a instabilidade emocional em ver o filho internado e não poder fazer alguma coisa. Conclui-se que durante o período de hospitalização, emocionalmente os pais ficam bastante abalados, demonstrando sentimentos de insegurança, ansiedade, medo, culpa, desconfiança, mas também apresentam sentimentos de segurança, confiança, esperança, fé e gratidão...


This field research with a qualitative approach had the main objective to perceive parents and family members regarding their son's admission on a pediatric intensive care unit. The data were collected in the period between October and December of 2008, using a recorded and semi structured interview. One father and six mothers were interviewed, on a total of seven families, in a pediatric intensive care unit from a private hospital in the city of São Paulo. The researchers chose the theoretical references based on a Content Analysis according to Bardin. It was found in the statements from the parents that some information were not presented to them in a dear and concise way, or had been omitted by the multiprofessional team for many reasons, resulting on an emotional instability for seeing their sons being admitted and not being able to do anything. It was concluded that, during the period of hospitalization, the parents were emotionally disturbed, showing feelings of insecurity, anxiety, fear, guilt, suspicion, but also presented feelings of security, trust, hope, faith and gratitude...


Esta investigación de campo con enfoque cualitativo tiene como objetivo conocer la percepción de los padres acerca de lá admisión de sus hijos en una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos. Los datos fueron recogidos en octubre-diciembre de 2008, mediante entrevistas semies- tructuradas y grabadas. Se entrevistó a un padre y seis madres, en una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos de un hospital privado en la ciudad de São Paulo. Las investigadoras eligieron las referencias teóricas basadas en el Análisis de Contenido según Bardin. Se encontrá en las declaraciones de los padres que algunas informaciones no fueron presentadas de forma clara y concisa, o han sido omitidas por el equipo multidisciplinario por diversas razones, lo que contribuye a la inestabilidad emocional por ver ai hijo en el hospital y no poder hacer nada. De ello se deduce que, durante el período de hospitalizacián, los padres están muy afectados emocionalmente, mostrando sentimientos de inseguridad, ansiedad, miedo, culpa, desconfianza, pero también tienen sentimientos de seguridad, confianza, esperanza, fe y gratitud...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Child, Hospitalized/psychology , Emotions , Parents/psychology , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Child Health
12.
The Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine ; : 238-244, 2011.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-652283

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Atelectasis is a state of a collapsed and non-aerated region of the lung parenchyma, which is otherwise normal. This condition is usually associated with pulmonary disorders. The purpose of this study is to analyze the incidence and risk factors of atelectasis in patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and chest radiography of 280 PICU patients under 18 years old. We analyzed the incidence and pattern of atelectasis and compared the incidence according to the phase and mode of mechanical ventilation. We compared the incidence of ventilator care need and respiratory disease in 93 atelectasis patients. RESULTS: Atelectasis incidence was 33.2%. The age (4.9 +/- 4.4 years) was younger and the admission-duration (17.8 +/- 25.1 days) was significantly longer in atelectasis patients (p < 0.01). Ventilator care need and respiratory disease in atelectasis patients (86.0%, 66.7% respectively) was significantly higher than in non-atelectasis patients (62.6%, 43.3% respectively) (p < 0.01). Atelectasis incidence in ventilator-required patients and respiratory-diagnosed patients (40.6%, 43.4% respectively) was significantly higher than that in non ventilator-required patients and non respiratory-diagnosed patients (15.7%, 22.6% respectively) (p < 0.01). Atelectasis was more common in the right upper lobe (55.6%) and during or after ventilator care (62.6%) (p < 0.05). Atelectasis incidence in ventilator care did not differ between the assist-control and intermittent mandatory ventilation modes. CONCLUSIONS: In the PICU, atelectasis incidence was higher in patients with ventilator care and respiratory disease. Atelectasis was more common in the right upper lobe and in the phase after ventilator initiation. Atelectasis incidence in ventilator care did not differ between ventilation modes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Incidence , Critical Care , Intensive Care Units , Lung , Pulmonary Atelectasis , Respiration, Artificial , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Thorax , Ventilation , Ventilators, Mechanical
13.
Rev. homeopatia (Säo Paulo) ; 73(3/4): 40-45, 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-574147

ABSTRACT

O presente artigo relata um caso de tratamento de pneumonia associada com derrame pleural, em um pré-escolar de 4 anos de idade, com antecedentes de alergia alimentar, refluxo gastresofágico, rinite, asma, hipogamaglobulinemia, eosinofilia, gastrite, encefalite e internações prévias por pneumonia. Além do comprometimento pulmonar, apresentava alteração do sistema nervoso central, com alternância de sonolência e agitação psicomotora. Foi tratado com Bryonia alba 30 cH 1 gota dose única, tendo boa evolução clínica e após 4 dias do inicio do tratamento homeopático, teve alta do UTI Pediátrica.


This article reports the homeopathic treatment of pneumonia with pleural effusion in a 4-year-old boy with a background of food allergy, gastroesophageal reflux, rhinitis, asthma, hypogammaglobulinemia, eosinophilia, gastritis, encephalitis and previous hospitalizations due to pneumonia. Besides the affection of the lungs he exhibited disturbs of the central nervous system, with sleepiness alternating with psychomotor agitation. He was treated with Bryonia alba 30cH 1 drop single dose, exhibiting good clinical response and 4 days after the onset of homeopathic treatment could be discharged from the pediatric ICU.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Bryonia , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Pleural Effusion , Pneumonia , Homeopathy
14.
Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology ; (24)2005.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-593169

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE To investigate the drug resistance of pathogens in pediatric ICU and discuss how to treat infections caused by these resistant strains.METHODS After genus identification,bacterial susceptibility test was carried out using Kirby-Bauer disk method.RESULTS A total of 270 clinical isolates were analyzed including 194(72%) strains of Gram-negative bacilli and 76(28%) strains of Gram-positive cocci.From them 182(67%) strains were isolated from sputum,78(29%) strains from blood and 10(4%) strains from secretion.The most common bacilli were Klebsiella spp,coagulase negative Staphylococcus,Escherichia coli,Enterococcus spp and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.About 66.7% of E.coli and 91.1% of Klebsiella spp isolates produced ESBLs,the isolating rate of MRCNS was 83.9%.CONCLUSIONS The characteristics of pathogen distribution and drug resistance surveillance must be understood in order to use antibiotics rationally,to control the increasing trend of drug resistance pathogens and to forbid the break out of nosocomial infections.

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