Performance of the TWIST Score in Patients with Testicular Torsion that Present to the Emergency Department / Desempeño del puntaje TWIST en pacientes con torsión testicular que se presentan al Departamento de Emergencias

Objective Testicular torsion (TT) is an emergency with an incidence of 1:1,500 in patients < 18 years old. Irreversible changes in the testicular parenchyma may happen. The Testicular Workup for Ischemia and Suspected Torsion (TWIST) questionnaire evaluates signs and symptoms to determine the risk of TT and improve the time of management. The aim of the present study was to compare the intraoperative findings of patients with TT with the result of the preoperative TWIST questionnaire. Methods A cohort of 33 pediatric patients that consulted to the emergency room was evaluated. The TWIST questionnaire was applied in the first approach. Imaging studies, time to the operating room (OR) and intraoperative findings were evaluated. Theoretical and real findings were compared. Results The median age was 13 years old (interquartile range [IQR] 10­15 years old). Edema and scrotal inflammation was the most frequent finding (42.4%), followed by testicular induration (21.2%), nausea and vomiting (15.2%), and horizontal testicle and absence of cremasteric reflex (9.1%). The TWIST stratification was 3% high-risk, 18.2% intermediate-risk and 78.8% low-risk. Testicular Doppler ultrasound was performed in 93.9% of the patients: vascular congestion was found in 21.9%. A total of 30.3% of the kids were taken to surgery after 163 minutes (±116.5). Intraoperative diagnosis of TT was confirmed in the high-risk patient, in 33.3% of the intermediate-risk, and in 50% of the low-risk. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed an accuracy of 60% (p = 0.602). Conclusions The TWIST questionnaire in the first approach allows to take the high-risk patients im

Objetivo La torsión testicular (TT) es una emergencia con incidencia de 1:1.500 en pacientes menores de 18 años. Pueden ocurrir cambios irreversibles en el parénquima testicular. El cuestionario TWIST evalúa signos y síntomas para determinar el riesgo de TT y mejorar los tiempos de atención. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los hallazgos intraoperatorios de los pacientes con el resultado del TWIST preoperatorio. Métodos Se evaluó una cohorte de 33 pacientes pediátricos que consultaron al Departamento de Emergencias. Se aplicó el cuestionario TWIST en la primera aproximación. Estudios imagenológicos, tiempo de entrada a salas de cirugía y hallazgos intraoperatorios también fueron evaluados. Se compararon los hallazgos teóricos y reales. Resultados La mediana de edad fue de 13 años (rango intercuartil [RIQ]: 10­15). Edema e inflamación escrotal fueron los hallazgos principales, (42,4%) seguidos de induración testicular (21,2%), náusea y vómito (15,2%), y testículo horizontal y ausencia del reflejo cremastérico (9,1%). Estratificación TWIST: 3% alto riesgo, 18,2% intermedio, y 78,8% bajo. Se realizó Doppler testicular en 93,9% de los pacientes: se encontró congestión vascular en 21,9%. Se operaron 30,3% de niños tras 163 minutos (± 116,5). En el intraoperatorio se confirmó TT en el paciente de alto riesgo, en 33,3% de intermedio, y en 50% de bajo riesgo. La curva de característica operativa del receptor (COR) evidencia una exactitud de 60% (p = 0.602). Conclusiones El cuestionario TWIST en la primera aproximación es útil para operar inmediatamente pacientes de alto riesgo. Sin embargo, no ofrece un alto nivel de confianza para el diagnóstico de TT en pacientes de intermedio y bajo riesgo.

Social and Clinical Impact of Congenital Urological Malformations in a Developing Country: The Need for a Transdisciplinary Way of Treatment / Impacto social y clínico de las malformaciones urológicas congénitas en un país en desarrollo: La necesidad de un tratamiento transdisciplinario

Zoom Image Abstract Introduction The prognosis of congenital anomalies (CAs) can be improved if detected and treated accurately. Given the complexity of some anomalies, it is almost always necessary to approach them with an interdisciplinary team. Our objective was to contact patients with congenital urological anomalies (CUAs) and follow them up during their first years of life and evaluate their clinical status, as well as their social and health care limitations. Method Based on the Bogota Congenital Malformations Surveillance Program (BCMSP), we have contacted by phone all the patients with CUAs and evaluated their follow-up. We have included all the registered patients from 2006 until 2015. A standardized questionnaire was applied by a trained staff. The questions assessed on each call included: evaluation of the clinical status of the patient, the clinical treatments and evaluations performed by clinical and surgical subspecialties, health care limitations, and social barriers. The first call was made at the 2nd month, then every 3 months during the 1st year and every 6 months thereafter. Results A total of 277 patients were contacted, 97.3% of whom have an increased risk of mortality or significant disability. The malformation related mortality was of 38.1%. Only 38.7% of the patients were evaluated by a specialist, while 57.4% where still waiting to be seen by a specialist. Ninety eight percent of the limitations related to the health care system were the long waiting lists to be seen by a specialist. Conclusion Many of the pathologies that we have found belong to the group that has a significant reduction in mortality when treated accurately and promptly. However, we have a profound problem in our health care system, in that many of the patients have not been seen by a specialist, which results in a worse prognosis and recovery rate.

Introducción El pronóstico de las anomalías congénitas puede mejorarse si se detectan y tratan adecuadamente. Dada la complejidad de algunas anomalías, casi siempre es necesario abordarlas con un equipo interdisciplinario. Nuestro objetivo fue contactar a los pacientes con anomalías urológicas congénitas (CUA) con posterior seguimiento durante los primeros años de vida, se evaluó su estado clínico así como las limitaciones sociales y de atención médica. Método Basado en el Programa de Vigilancia de Malformaciones congénitas de Bogotá, contactamos por teléfono a todos los pacientes con CUA y evaluamos su seguimiento. Fueron incluidos todos los pacientes desde 2006 hasta 2015. Un cuestionario estandarizado fue aplicado por personal capacitado. Las preguntas evaluadas durante la llamada incluyeron: evaluación del estado clínico, tratamientos clínicos realizados y evaluaciones por subespecialidades clínicas y quirúrgicas, limitaciones de atención médica y barreras sociales. La primera llamada se realizó en el segundo mes y luego cada tres meses durante el primer año y luego cada 6 meses a partir de entonces. Resultados Se contactó a un total de 277 pacientes en los que el 97,3% tenía un riesgo de mortalidad o de discapacidad significativa. La mortalidad relacionada con la malformación fue del 38.1%. Solo el 38,7% de los pacientes fueron evaluados por un especialista, mientras que el 57,4% aún esperaban ser atendidos por un especialista. El noventa y ocho por ciento de las limitaciones relacionadas con el sistema de atención fueron las largas listas de espera para ser visto por un especialista. Conclusión Muchas de las patologías pertenecen al grupo que cuando son tratadas adecuadamente y prontamente tienen una reducción significativa en la mortalidad. Sin embargo, tenemos un problema profundo en nuestro sistema de atención médica donde muchos de los pacientes no han sido atendidos por un especialista, lo que resulta en un peor pronóstico y tasa de recuperación.

La verdad está en los detalles. ¿Pueden ser los check-lists una buena idea para ecografía pediátrica de riñón y vejiga? / The truth lies in the details - would check-lists be a good idea forkidney/bladder pediatric ultrasound?

La necesidad de estandarizar los informes de ultrasonido (US) dirigidos a urólogos pediátricos (PU) y medir las dimensiones de las estructuras anatómicas específicas es bien reconocida. Nuestra investigación tiene como objetivo verificar la integridad y precisión de la información contenida en los ultrasonidos de riñón y vejiga (K/B) de los pacientes que acuden a nuestra clínica de referencia de la PU. MÉTODOS: Evaluación prospectiva de los parámetros descriptivos y mensurables de 47 ultrasonografías K / B Pediátrica en un período de 3 meses. Análisis comparativo entre radiólogos pediátricos y generales, enfermedades funcionales contra las enfermedades no funcionales, tipo de institución que lleva a cabo el examen y la solicitud de la ultrasonografía (estandarizado versus rutina). RESULTADOS: Los informes de ultrasonografía consideran una media del 53 por ciento de los posibles parámetros sugeridos y presentaron una media de 53 por ciento de las mediciones precisas cuando aplicable. La única variable que se relacionó de forma independiente para mejores informes fue el uso de las solicitudes normalizadas por la PU (media del 64 por ciento de los posibles parámetros considerados, el 69 por ciento de las mediciones de los parámetros aplicables). La realización del examen por Radiólogos pediátricos (PR) o en los hospitales docentes o en pacientes que sufrían de enfermedades funcionales no fueron determinantes independientes de la calidad de los informes. CONCLUSIÓN: El uso de protocolos específicos y / o listas de verificación sería eficaz para normalizar y obtener una mejor calidad de informe en Ultrasonografía B / K en PU.

The need to standardize ultrasound (US) reports directed to Pediatric Urologists (PU) and to measure the dimensions of specific anatomical structures is well recognized. Our research aims to verify the completeness and precision of the information in kidney and bladder (K/B) US from patients presenting to our referral PU Clinic. METHODS: Prospective evaluation of descriptive and measurable parameters from 47 K/B Pediatric US in a 3-month period. Comparative analysis between pediatric versus general radiologists, functional versus non-functional disease, kind of institution that performed the exam and request for the US (standardized versus routine). RESULTS: The US reports considered a mean of 53 percent of the possible parameters suggested and presented a mean of 53 percent of precise measurements when applicable. The only variable that related independently to better reports was the usage of standardized requests by the PU (mean of 64 percent of the possible parameters considered, 69 percent of measurements of the applicable parameters). Accomplishment of the exam by Pediatric Radiologists (PR), in teaching hospitals or in patients suffering from functional diseases were not independent determinants to the quality of the reports. CONCLUSION: The usage of specific protocols and/or check-lists would be effective to standardize and get better quality B/K US reports in PU.

Cirugía conservadora de anomalías asociadas a la duplicación ureteral: 40 años de experiencia / Conservative surgery of anomalies associated to the ureteral duplication: 40 years of experience

Objetivo: Exponer la experiencia del Servicio de Urología del Hospital Provincial Pediátrico, el tratamiento de las anomalías asociadas a la duplicidad ureteral. Métodos: Se hizo una revisión retrospectiva de 378 pacientes con duplicación ureteral, entre 1970 al 2010; se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico conservador a 26 casos y 6 casos de ellos tenían edad pediátrica, los cuales son objeto de análisis en este trabajo, según datos obtenidos en el registro de documentación médica de los centros. De los seis casos operados, a cinco se les realizó cirugía conservadora (uréteropielóstomia), y en un caso se realizó nefrectomía polar superior. Resultados: La duplicidad ureteral es una patología frecuente, determina un estasis urinario. El uréter bífido extra vesical, provoca reflujo urétero-ureteral. Conclusiones: Esta técnica quirúrgica es útil en las en las anomalías asociadas a la duplicidad ureteral. No se debe utilizar ésta cuando no haya posibilidades de conservación de parénquima renal.

Objective: To expose the experience of the Urology Service of the Teaching Pediatric Provincial Hospital, in the treatment of the anomalies associated with the ureteral duplication. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 378 patients with Ureteral Duplication attended in our center in the period 1970-2010; the surgical treatment was applied in 26 cases, and 6 of them were pediatric cases; the last ones are analyzed in this work, taking into account data obtained from the Clinical Documentation Database of the centers involved. The conservative surgery (uretero-pyelostomy) was carried out in 5 patients of the 6 cases and in the other 1 case, an upper pole we made upper pole nephrectomy. Results: The ureteral duplication is a frequent pathology that determines a urinary stasis. The extra-vesical bifid ureter causes uretero-ureteral reflux. Conclusions: This surgical procedure is useful in the anomalies associated with the ureteral duplication. It should not be used when there are not possibilities of conserving the renal parenchyma.

Pediatric Urology: Past and Present / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Since the late 19(th) century, great strides have been made towards advancements in the field of urology, with respect to clinical activity, education and research; therefore, pediatric urology has become an important part of urology. In this article, the historical developmental process of pediatric urology was reviewed, including its legitimate development into an independent section within the urological field as well as achieving an independent role in the urological society. Also, the developmental process of pediatric urology was reviewed in relation to the organization of academic societies and the creation of subspecialty certification. In addition, the development of pediatric urology was further discussed by reviewing the evolution of management for a typical pediatric urological disease, vesicoureteral reflux. From its early history, pediatric urology has played an important role, and efforts to achieve advancements are still being made. As seen from the historical changes in the management concept of vesicoureteral reflux, current medical knowledge can sometimes, at a later date, be proven wrong. An effective way to stay abreast of the state-of-the-art medical standards and knowledge, as well as techniques, is the participation in local and international academic activities, which provide the opportunities for exchanging clinical experience and knowledge. Also, changes in the system, such as the enforcement of recertification of a specialty board, may contribute to maintaining or upgrading the standards of urology as a whole.

Early experience in laparoscopic renal surgery for pediatric urology: Our thoughts for the future

Laparoscopic surgery is presently assuming an important role in pediatric urology. It offers minimally invasive surgery to benign real conditions. We report our experience with laparoscopic renal surgery in the pediatric age group and evaluate our series to establish the safety and efficacy of it. Between August 2003 and June 2004,4 girls with ages ranging from 8 months to 8 years old, averaging 44 months, underwent laparoscopic renal surgeries. Our series consistent of 1 Nephrectomy, 1 Nephroureterectomy (retroperitoneal approach) and 2 Heminephroureterectomies. Operating time ranged from 125 to 340 minutes averaging 185 minutes. Blood loss was minimal. No early or late postoperative complications were noted. Our series also showed that patients experience minimal postoperative discomfort, improved cosmesis and shorter hospital stay with the laparoscopic approach. As we gain more experience refinements in our surgical technique are expected and with the advent of new technology such as Ultrasonic SonoSurg, laparoscopy will be an important facet in the surgical armamentarium of pediatric urologists. (Author)

Comparison of Ambulatory Surgery and Inpatient Surgery for Children / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Ambulatory surgery is an established surgical system that all the procedures which are visiting hospital, undergoing surgery and recovery and returning home, performed on the same day. We evaluated our initial experiences to find out if there are any differences between ambulatory surgery and inpatient surgery especially during the perioperative period. We assessed the following 6 items: the degree of perioperative anxiety in parents, observation time in the recovery room, hospital charge, length of time to return to usual activities, postoperative complications and degree of postoperative satisfaction in parents. Between April 1995 and August 1996, we reviewed 30 patients who underwent ambulatory surgery (age: 1 mo-15.2 yrs, mean 5.8 yrs) - hydrocelectomy (16 cases), orchiopexy (10 cases), varicocelectomy (1 case), excision of cyst at urethral meatus (1 case) and circumcision (2 case). Then we compared the same parameters with those of 30 inpatient children who underwent similar surgical procedures (age: 7 mo-12 yrs, mean 3.8 yrs) - hydrocelectomy (15 cases) and orchiopexy (15 cases). The results were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference among the two groups in observation time at recovery room (p=0.381) and the time to return to normal activities (p=0.202).2. Ambulatory surgery group is more economical than the inpatient surgery group (p<0.05). 3. In ambulatory surgery group, the degree of perioperative anxiety in parents was higher than inpatient surgery group (p=0.001). However, postoperative satisfaction was higher than inpatient surgery group (p=0.001) with negligible complications, In conclusion, ambulatory surgery in pediatric urology was more advantageous than inpatient surgery with regards to postoperative satisfaction and alleviation of parental burden on time and money.

A Recent 10 Year's Clinical Observation on Disease of Pediatric Urology / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A recent 10 year's clinical observation was made on pediatric patients who had been admitted to the department of urology, Kyungpook National University Hospital during the period from Jan. 1. 1973, to Dec. 31. 1982. The results Were as follows: 1. Of 2,252 total urologic inpatients, 301 cases were pediatric urologic inpatients giving a rate of 13.4%. 2. Annual distribution revealed the tendency that the pediatric urologic patients had been increased yearly and especially after the popularization of medical insurance. 3. The proportion of male to female was 5.8: 1. The school aged children (6 to 12 years of age) were most frequently seen and giving a rate of 40.9% of pediatric inpatients. 4. The most common disease group was genitourinary anomaly as 129 Cases and followed by injury 58 cases, hydrocele .42 cases, tumor 27 cases. The most common disease was cryptorchism as 65 cases and followed by hydrocele 42 cases, hypospadias 37 cases. 5. Two hundred fifty four operations were performed in 242 of 301 pediatric inpatients. Orchiopexy was most frequently performed as 62 cases, hydrocelectomy 43 cases, urethroplasty 34 cases and nephrectomy 20-cases followed in order.

A Recent 10 Year's Clinical Observation on Disease of Pediatric Urology / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A recent 10 year's clinical observation was made on pediatric patients who had been admitted to the department of urology, Kyungpook National University Hospital during the period from Jan. 1. 1973, to Dec. 31. 1982. The results Were as follows: 1. Of 2,252 total urologic inpatients, 301 cases were pediatric urologic inpatients giving a rate of 13.4%. 2. Annual distribution revealed the tendency that the pediatric urologic patients had been increased yearly and especially after the popularization of medical insurance. 3. The proportion of male to female was 5.8: 1. The school aged children (6 to 12 years of age) were most frequently seen and giving a rate of 40.9% of pediatric inpatients. 4. The most common disease group was genitourinary anomaly as 129 Cases and followed by injury 58 cases, hydrocele .42 cases, tumor 27 cases. The most common disease was cryptorchism as 65 cases and followed by hydrocele 42 cases, hypospadias 37 cases. 5. Two hundred fifty four operations were performed in 242 of 301 pediatric inpatients. Orchiopexy was most frequently performed as 62 cases, hydrocelectomy 43 cases, urethroplasty 34 cases and nephrectomy 20-cases followed in order.

A Clinical Observation on Disease of Pediatric Urology / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A clinical observation was made on the patients who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, Chosun University Hospital during the period from January, 1972 to December, 1979. The results were as follows 1. Pediatric patients were 78 of 867 total urologic patients giving the rate of 9.0%. The ratio of male to female pediatric in-patients was 7.7:1. 2. School children (6 to 12 years of age) were most frequently seen(39.7%). 3. The most common disease was genitourinary anomaly a ratio of 32.1%. The other diseases were hydrocele in 16.7%, stone in 9%, tumor and non specific infection in 6.4%. 4. The most frequently involved organ was testis in 25 cases (32.1%). The others were urethral disease in 24 cases (30.8%), renal disease in 13 cases (16.7%), vesical disease in 4 cases (5.1%), ureteral disease in 3 cases (3.8%) and penile disease in 2 cases (2.6%). 5. Of 78 patients, 68 operations were performed in 59 patients. The most common operation was hydrocelectomy in 13 cases. The other operations were orchiopexy in 11 cases, urethroplasty in 10 cases, correction of chordee in cases, lithotomy in 7 cases and circumcision in 2 cases. 6. The most common duration of hospitalization was from 1 to 2 weeks.(52.6%).

A Clinical Observation on Disease of Pediatric Urology / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A clinical observation was made on the patients who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, Chosun University Hospital during the period from January, 1972 to December, 1979. The results were as follows 1. Pediatric patients were 78 of 867 total urologic patients giving the rate of 9.0%. The ratio of male to female pediatric in-patients was 7.7:1. 2. School children (6 to 12 years of age) were most frequently seen(39.7%). 3. The most common disease was genitourinary anomaly a ratio of 32.1%. The other diseases were hydrocele in 16.7%, stone in 9%, tumor and non specific infection in 6.4%. 4. The most frequently involved organ was testis in 25 cases (32.1%). The others were urethral disease in 24 cases (30.8%), renal disease in 13 cases (16.7%), vesical disease in 4 cases (5.1%), ureteral disease in 3 cases (3.8%) and penile disease in 2 cases (2.6%). 5. Of 78 patients, 68 operations were performed in 59 patients. The most common operation was hydrocelectomy in 13 cases. The other operations were orchiopexy in 11 cases, urethroplasty in 10 cases, correction of chordee in cases, lithotomy in 7 cases and circumcision in 2 cases. 6. The most common duration of hospitalization was from 1 to 2 weeks.(52.6%).

A Clinical Observation on Disease of Pediatric Urology / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A clinical observation was made on the diseases of pediatric urology in the Department of Urology, Capital Armed Forces General Hospital during the period from January, 1977 to December, 1979. The results were as follows: 1) Of 779 cases hospitalized, 49 cases(6.3%) were pediatric urologic patients. 2) The school children (6 to 12 years of age) were most frequently seen (44.9%). 3) The most common disease was genitourinary anomaly in 28 cases (56.1%) and hydrocele was in 17 cases (34.7%). 4) Fifty operations were performed in 49 cases. The most common operation was orchiopexy in 22 cases. Hydrocelectomy was performed in 17 cases and nephrectomy in 3 cases. 5) The most frequent duration of hospital stay was from 1 to 2 weeks (65.3%).

A Clinical Observation on Disease of Pediatric Urology / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A clinical observation was made on the diseases of pediatric urology in the Department of Urology, Capital Armed Forces General Hospital during the period from January, 1977 to December, 1979. The results were as follows: 1) Of 779 cases hospitalized, 49 cases(6.3%) were pediatric urologic patients. 2) The school children (6 to 12 years of age) were most frequently seen (44.9%). 3) The most common disease was genitourinary anomaly in 28 cases (56.1%) and hydrocele was in 17 cases (34.7%). 4) Fifty operations were performed in 49 cases. The most common operation was orchiopexy in 22 cases. Hydrocelectomy was performed in 17 cases and nephrectomy in 3 cases. 5) The most frequent duration of hospital stay was from 1 to 2 weeks (65.3%).

Clinical Observation on the Disease of Pediatric Urology / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A clinical observation was made on the case of pediatric urological disease who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, Korea University Hospital during the period of 8 years and one month from September 1, 1972 to September 30, 1980. 1) Of 1977 cases hospitalized in the GU Dept., 229 cases were pediatric urological patient giving a rare of 11.5% and the ratio between male and female was 5.8:1. 2) The most commonly involved organ was, scrotal contents (31. 6%). Urethral diseases were 23. 6%, penile diseases 13.6%, and renal diseases 12.4%. 3) The most common diseases were genito-urinary anomalies (62. 8%). The injuries of G-U tract were 22%, nonspecific infections 7.6%, V-U reflux 4.8%, urinary lithiasis 4%. 4) The most common symptom and sign were absence of scrotal contents in 48 cases. Abnormal position of urethral meatus was seen in 36 case, Scrotal swelling in 23 cases, curved penile shaft in 16 cases, flank pain in 15 cases. 5) Operation was performed in 176 cases (76. 9%). 6) Orchiopexy was performed in 43 cases (24. 4%), circumcision in 42 cases (23. 9%), urerhroplasty in 16 cases (9.1 %), hydrocelectomy in 41 cases (8%), chordectomy in 13 cases (24 %).

A Clinical Survey on Diseases of Pediatric Urology / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A clinical survey on Korean children patients (under 15 years old ) admitted to the Department of Urology, Chonnam University Medical School, during the 10 year period from January 1968 to December 1977 was made . The results were as follows: 1. Among 1354 cases of in-patients for the past 10 years, 145 cases were pediatric urologic patients or 10.7 %. 2. The ratio of male to female pediatric in-patients was 3.4 : 1. 3. School children (6 to 12 years of age) were most frequently seen (42.1 %). 4. The most common disease was genitourinary anomaly, 37.2 % of all cases, the genitourinary tumor, 15.2 %, genitourinary injury, 14.5 %, urinary lithiasis , 10. 3 %, and inguinal hernia. 4.8 %. 5. The most frequently involved organ was urethra (34. 5 %), followed by kidney ( 28.3 %) testis (14.5 %) and bladder (9. 0 %). 6. The most common duration of hospital stay was from 1 to 2 weeks ( 52. 4 %). 7. Of 145 cases, 114 operations were performed in 100 cases (69 %). The most common operation was urethroplasty (21.1 %), chordectomy (14.9 %), orchiopexy (12.3 %) nephrectomy (10.5 %) and cystolithotomy (9.6 %) in that order.

A Clinical Observation on Disease of Pediatric Urology / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A clinical observation was made on 62 cases of pediatric Urology in Korean children who had been admitted to Department of Urology, National Medical Center, from January. 1. l969 to June. 30. 1973. The results are as follows. 1) 725 cases were Urologic patients, 62 cases were pediatric Urologic patients giving a ratio of 8.6%. 2) The most common disease were genitourinary tract anomaly giving a ratio of 45.2%. The hydrocele was 29%, Genitourinary tumor. 13%, G-U injury 6.4%, Urinary lithiasis 3.2%. Tuberculosis 3.2% 3) The most common involved organ was in testis giving a ratio of 53.9%. Urethral disease was 20%, renal disease 12.3%, penile disease 4.6%, bladder disease 3%. 4) The most frequent period of admission was from 1 week to 2 weeks (53.2%). 5) The most common symptom and sign was scrotal swelling in 20 cases. Absence of scrotal contents were in 15 cases, abnormal position of urethral meatus and hematuria were 14 cases respectively, and bladder irritating symptom 13 cases. 6) Of 62 cases, 58 operations were performed in 55 cases. The most common operation was hydrocelectomy in 18 cases. Orchiopexy was performed in 14 cases, chordectomy in 7 cases, and nephrectomy in 5 cases.

A Clinical Observation on the Pediatric Diseases in Urology / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A clinical observation was made on the pediatric patients (under 16 years of age) visited the Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Hospital during the last l0 years from 1963 to 1972. The results obtained were as follows; 1) of 12,752 total urologic patients, 1,127 were pediatric outpatients (8.8%),and pediatric inpatients were 122 of 1,O54 total urologic inpatients (11.5%) 2) The annual average number of pediatric outpatients was 113, and it revealed the tendency that the pediatric urologic patients had been on the increase yearly since 1967. 3) The proportion of male to female pediatric out-patients was 4.2:1. and that of pediatric inpatients was 6. 6:1. 4) The preschool children (1 to 6 years of age) were most frequently seen, and giving a rate of 37.7% of the pediatric outpatients and 36.9% of the pediatric inpatients. 5) The congenital malformations represented phimosis, cryptorchism and hypospadia were most frequent (26.2%). followed by the non-specific infections of urogenital tract (21.7%), the hydroceles (16.5%). and the diseases of mioturition disturbance (10.5%) in the pediatric outpatients. 6) The congenital malformations were also seen most frequently (29.0%). followed by the injuries to the urogenital tract (21.0%). the hydroceles (15.9%). the urolithiases (10.1%). the urogenital tumors (10.1 %), and the urogenital tuberculoses (8.7%) in the pediatric inpatients. 7) One hundred and five operation were performed in 96 of 122 pediatric inpatients. Orchiopexies were most frequently performed (17.1%). and hydocelectomies (15.2%), nephrectomies (12.4%), urethroplasties (11.4%), chordeectomies (9.5%), and orchitctomies (4.8%) followed in order.

A Clinical Observation on the Pediatric Diseases in Urology / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A clinical observation was made on the pediatric patients (under 16 years of age) visited the Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Hospital during the last l0 years from 1963 to 1972. The results obtained were as follows; 1) of 12,752 total urologic patients, 1,127 were pediatric outpatients (8.8%),and pediatric inpatients were 122 of 1,O54 total urologic inpatients (11.5%) 2) The annual average number of pediatric outpatients was 113, and it revealed the tendency that the pediatric urologic patients had been on the increase yearly since 1967. 3) The proportion of male to female pediatric out-patients was 4.2:1. and that of pediatric inpatients was 6. 6:1. 4) The preschool children (1 to 6 years of age) were most frequently seen, and giving a rate of 37.7% of the pediatric outpatients and 36.9% of the pediatric inpatients. 5) The congenital malformations represented phimosis, cryptorchism and hypospadia were most frequent (26.2%). followed by the non-specific infections of urogenital tract (21.7%), the hydroceles (16.5%). and the diseases of mioturition disturbance (10.5%) in the pediatric outpatients. 6) The congenital malformations were also seen most frequently (29.0%). followed by the injuries to the urogenital tract (21.0%). the hydroceles (15.9%). the urolithiases (10.1%). the urogenital tumors (10.1 %), and the urogenital tuberculoses (8.7%) in the pediatric inpatients. 7) One hundred and five operation were performed in 96 of 122 pediatric inpatients. Orchiopexies were most frequently performed (17.1%). and hydocelectomies (15.2%), nephrectomies (12.4%), urethroplasties (11.4%), chordeectomies (9.5%), and orchitctomies (4.8%) followed in order.

A Clinical Observation on Disease of Pediatric Urology / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A clinical observation was made on the diseases of pediatric urology in the Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital during the period from January, 1965 to August, 1972. The results are as follows. 1) Of 2,174 cases hospitalized, 164 cases were pediatric urologic patient giving a rate of 7.1%. 2) The most common disease was geuitourinary anomaly giving a ratio of 51.9%. The genitourinary tumor was 11.7%, hydrocele 9.1%, G-U injury 8.4%. urinary lithiasis 5.8% and tuberculosis 3. 9%. 3) The most common involved organ was in urethra giving a ratio of 40.2%. Testicular disease was 28. 3%, renal disease 14.4%, penile disease 5. 6%. bladder disease 4.4%. 4) The most common symptoms and signs was abnormal position of urethral meatus in 38 cases. Bladder irritating symptoms were in 26 cases, scrotal swelling and absence of scrotal content in 25 cases respectively and hematuria 22 cases. 5) Of 154 cases, 120 operations were performed in 117 cases. The most common operation was chordectomy in 30 cases. Orchiopexy was performed in 20 cases, nephrectomy in 14 cases, and second stage of Denis browne operation in 8 cases.

Clinical Observation on Patients with Pediatric Urological Disease / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Clinical Observation was made on 90 inpatients in the Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine during the period of 9 years and 8 month starting from January 1, 1953 to August 31, 1972.