An In Vitro Study to Assess the Root Canal Morphology of Human Primary Molars Using Computerised Tomography

Background: A virtuous consideration of root canal morphology is required. Complications all through and after endodontic therapy are frequently caused by variances in the anatomy of root canals in primary teeth. The goal of present study was to determine the number and shape of root canals in primary incisors and molars, as well as the pertinency of cone beam computerised tomography (CBCT) in doing so.Material & Methods:On a total of 60 primary molars and incisors with complete root length, CBCT was used to assess the number of roots, number of canals, width of root canal at cementoenamel junction and middle-third, length and angulations of roots. The information was statistically analysed. Results:The CBCT revealed that 13 percent of mandibular incisors had bifurcation of the root canal in the middle third, while 20% of mandibular molars had two canals in the distal root. The distobuccal root canal diameter of maxillary molars and the mesiolingual canal diameter of mandibular molars were determined to be the smallest.Conclusions:Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a comparatively new and effective technology that can be used in conjunction with conventional radiography to examine variations in root canal morphology in primary teeth.

Comparison of the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine with midazolam for the management of paediatric dental patients A systematic review

Background: Pain, fear, and anxiety have long been associated with pediatric dentistry. A child's cooperation with a dental.procedure.usually requires various behavioral management strategies conveyed by the entire dental team. The use of sedatives in dental clinics for providing analgesia and anxiolysis allows the patient to respond appropriately to verbal commands and light tactile stimulation., thus making dental treatment more patient friendly and effective. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine versus midazolam for the management of pediatric patients in the dental clinic. Materials and Methods: This systematic review was prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Six articles were selected for this systematic review. Of them, only in four articles, homogeneous data were available which were subjected to meta-analysis. Results: When compared with midazolam, premedication with dexmedetomidine resulted in much lower incidence of emergence delirium (odds ratio = 0.07, 95% confidence interval: 0.01–0.54, P = 0.01). No significant difference was observed with respect to satisfactory behavior of the child, successful parental separation, and satisfactory mask acceptance following sedation. Conclusion: Both dexmedetomidine and midazolam are equally effective for the management of pediatric patients in the dental clinic. In addition, dexmedetomidine premedication is associated with lower incidence of emergence delirium and has a better margin of safety.

A Multidisciplinary Outlook in Prosthodontics

Prosthodontic research needs to cover all aspects that can contribute to the clinical outcomes. Without a strong interdisciplinaryrelationship between other disciplines of dentistry and prosthodontics, the esthetic, functional, and/or biological outcome may becompromised and necessitate extensive and expensive retreatment. Through this paper, we would like to review the outline of theareas that overlap between prosthodontics and other branches of modern dentistry that dictates the interdisciplinary treatment.

O ensino e a pesquisa em odontopediatria: o difícil controle de variáveis / Teaching and research in pedodontics: the difficult control of variables / Enseñanza e investigación en odontopediatría: el difícil control de variables

O ensino e a pesquisa em odontopediatria podem ser analisados em termos das recomendações e efeitos de estratégias comportamentais em tratamentos clínicos. No ensino, a transmissão é desvinculada da reflexão; é um aprendizado desprovido de teoria e da análise sistemática. Assim também, na pesquisa brasileiro/internacional, verifica-se que a situação odontológica, devido a seu caráter dinâmico e de longa duração, não apresenta um controle absoluto das variáveis de pesquisa. Tanto no ensino como na pesquisa são negligenciadas variáveis importantes para a implementação dos procedimentos e análise dos resultados. O primeiro objetivo desta comunicação é discutir/contrastar resultados encontrados em pesquisas empíricas e suas recomendações. Os efeitos de variáveis, tais como o controle restritivo indicado pelos guias e utilizado em pesquisa, são descartados no ensino e na pesquisa. Pode-se afirmar que não há estudo na área odontológica que sistematize um procedimento de intervenção e que avalie e indique recomendações adequadas a cada situação odontológica. O segundo objetivo é apresentar um procedimento preparatório e seus resultados como uma estratégia de ensino e de pesquisa viável para o estabelecimento de situações de enfrentamento.Isto é, é possível realizar estudos controlados e, a partir deles, propor intervenções comportamentais replicáveis, valorizando a importância da análise sistemática em psicologia aplicada.

Teaching and research in pedodontics may be analyzed in terms of recommendations and effects of behavior strategiesin clinical treatments. In teaching, the transmission is unbound to reflection; it is a learning experience disconnected from theory and systematic analysis. In this sense, in the Brazilian/international research, we verify that the pedodontics situation, due to its dynamic character, does not present an absolute control of the research variables. Both teaching andresearch are important neglected variables to the implementation of the procedures and analysis of results. The firstobjective of this communication is to discuss/contrast the results found in empirical researches and its recommendations. The effects of the variables like restrictive control, indicated by the guides and used in research, are discardedin teaching and research. It is possible to state that there are no studies in the pedodontics area that systematize anintervention procedure and that evaluate and state recommendations suitable to each pedodontic situation. The second objective is to present a preparatory procedure and its results as a viable teaching and research strategy to the establishmentof coping situations. This means it is possible to conduct controlled studies and from these to suggest replicable behavior interventions, valuing the importance of the systematic analysis in applied psychology.

La enseñanza e investigación en odontopediatría pueden ser analizadas en términos de las recomendaciones y efectosde estrategias del comportamiento en tratamientos clínicos. En la enseñanza la transmisión no es vinculada a la reflexión; es un aprendizaje desprovisto de teoría y del análisis sistemático. Así también en la investigación brasileña einternacional se verifica que la situación odontológica, debido a su carácter dinámico y de larga duración, no se haceun control absoluto de las variables de investigación. Tanto en la enseñanza como en la investigación hay variables importantes para la implementación de los procedimientos y análisis de los resultados que son dejados de lado pornegligencia. El primer objetivo de esta comunicación es discutir y contrastar resultados encontrados en investigaciones empíricas y sus recomendaciones. Los efectos de variables, como el control restrictivo recomendado por los guíasy utilizado en investigaciones, son descartados en la enseñanza y en la investigación. Se puede afirmar que no hayestudios en el área odontológica que sistematice un procedimiento de intervención y que evalúe e indique recomendaciones adecuadas a cada situación odontológica. El segundo objetivo es presentar un procedimiento preparatorio y sus resultados como una estrategia de enseñanza y de investigación viable para el establecimiento de situaciones de afrontamiento. Es decir, es posible realizar estudios controlados y, partiendo de ellos, proponer intervenciones de comportamiento replicables, valorizando la importancia del análisis sistemático en psicología aplicada.

Application of PBL method in the teaching of pedodontics / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To utilize the PBL method for the teaching reform of pedodontics lesson in Zhengzhou University. Methods Dental students of 2004 grade of Zhengzhou University were divided into 2 groups randomly,one group of which were taught with PBL method while the other group with traditional teaching method. The teaching effect was measured with questionnaire survey and examination. Result The PBL method was welcomed by undergraduate students and there was statistical significant difference between the examination scores of the two groups (P