Research on technology development trend of traditional Chinese medicine pharmaceutical equipment industry based on global patent analysis / 中草药

Based on the overall situation of global pharmaceutical equipment patents, featuring traditional Chinese medicine pharmaceutical equipment, the key technology areas of traditional Chinese medicine pharmaceutical processing, pelleting, and drying related equipment were in-depth analyzed. The core technical field of pharmaceutical equipment and its development trend were studied by the social network analysis method. The analysis results showed that the global pharmaceutical equipment industry had entered a period of rapid technological development. The technology and market of processing equipment are highly concentrated in China, but the technological innovation of the most characteristic of traditional Chinese medicine processing equipment is very weak. Tasly is the most important main body of technological innovation of dripping pills equipment. Tasly uses the vibrating dripping system process improvement as a breakthrough point, which has driven the innovation of dripping equipment technology. The competition in drying equipment technology is fierce, and well-known companies are from Denmark, Germany, and other countries. Pharmaceutical equipment such as drying, crushing and sieve analysis are the current core technology fields. It is recommended that domestic applicants strengthen the original innovation of the traditional Chinese medicine processed equipment, strengthen the innovation oftraditional Chinese medicine and pharmaceutical technology to realize the innovative research and protection model of product-process-equipment, grasp the green and intelligent development direction and strengthen the core field technology innovation.

Influence of Seed Pelleting on Physiological Seed Quality Improvement in Bael (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr.) the Endangered Medicinal Tree

Aim: Bael is an endangered medicinal tree with multipurpose utility propagated through seeds. Hence attempts were to improve the vigour of the seed through seed pelleting with ecofriently organic products. Study Design: A Factorial completely randomized design (FCRD) for laboratory experiments and RBD for nursery studies with five replication with five replications. Place and Duration of Study: The laboratory and nursery experiment was conducted at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 2012-13. Methodology: The seeds were pelleted with botanical leaf powders viz., karisilanganni (Eclipta prostrate), avaram (Cassia auriculata), arappu (Albizia amara), neem (Azadirachta indica), biofertilizers viz., azophos, phosphobacteria and biocontrol agents viz., Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens along with unpelleted seeds. Results: The results showed that among the treatments arappu pelleting enhanced the germination (76%) and seedling quality characters viz., root length (13.0 cm), shoot length (9.9 cm), dry matter production (318 mg) and vigour index (1740) compared to control followed by neem and phosphobacteria pelleting. The treatment scored as best also performed better at polypot nursery. Conclusion: Our data show that arappu pelleting enhanced seed quality compared to control

Improving the thermostability of Trichoderma reesei xylanase 2 by introducing disulfide bonds

Background: Xylanases are considered one of the most important enzymes in many industries. However, their low thermostability hampers their applications in feed pelleting, pulp bleaching, and so on. The main aim of this work was to improve the thermostability of Trichoderma ressei xylanase 2 (Xyn2) by introducing disulfide bonds between the N-terminal and α-helix and the ß-sheet core. Results: In this work, two disulfide bonds were separately introduced in the Xyn2 to connect the N-terminal and α-helix to the ß-sheet core of Xyn2. The two disulfide bonds were introduced by site-directed mutagenesis of the corresponding residues. The half-life of the mutants Xyn2C14­52 (disulfide bond between ß-sheets B2 and B3) and Xyn2C59­149 (disulfide bond between ß-sheets A5 and A6) at 60°C was improved by approximately 2.5- and 1.8-fold compared to that of the wild type Xyn2. In addition, the enzyme's resistance to alkali and acid was enhanced. Conclusion: Our results indicated that the connection of the N-terminal and α-helix to the ß-sheet core is due to the stable structure of the entire protein.

Analysis on relativity of drying process of extract and pelleting quality of Chinese materia medica formula granule based on powder properties / 中草药

Chinese materia medica (CMM) formula granule is made from CMM extract powder and suitable pharmaceutical excipients, powder properties of CMM extract powder such as the particle size, hydroscopicity, and fluidity directly affect thepelleting quality of CMM formula granule. Drying is one of the indispensable operating units for preparations of CMM extract, which has great influence on the powder properties of CMM extract powder. Therefore, there is a certain correlation between the drying process and pelleting quality of CMM formula granule. Through the literature research, this paper summarizes the engineering principle and characteristics of each main granulation method, analysis of the evaluation factors of pellet quality, and combines with experimental research to explore the correlation between the drying process of CMM extract and pelleting quality of CMM formula granule in the perspective of powder properties. Finally, we puts forward that more attention should be payed to study the drying process of CMM extract, in order to further improve the quality of pelleting quality of CMM formula granule.

Recognition and use of Aconitum carmichaeli from the pre-Qin period to Tang Dynasty-Also on rules in evolution of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

The recognition and use of Aconitum carmichaeli have undergone various changes from the pre-Qin period to Tang dynasty. From "the drug of evil" to "the leader of hundreds of medicine ", people's understanding of A. carmichaeli is more and more deep and specific. The medicinal values of A. Carmichaeli have been excavated, and it is widely used in brewing skill, agricultural production, Taoism, Buddhism and festival customs. Its function is becoming more and more diversified and routinized. By studying it, we can glimpse some rules in the evolution of traditional Chinese medicine, for instance relationships between drugs and poisons, drugs and non-drug; the inheritance and integration of medical books' recording; the generalization and routinization of Chinese medicinal medicines' functions, and so on.

Efeito do processamento, suplementação enzimática e nível nutricional da ração para frangos de corte no período de 22 a 42 dias de idade / Effect of processing, enzymatic supplementation and nutritional levels of the diet for broilers in the period from the 22nd to the 42nd day of age

Objetivando-se avaliar a forma física da ração, o uso de enzimas e níveis nutricionais em dietas à base de milho e farelo de soja, foram conduzidos dois experimentos utilizando um total de 1.344 frangos de corte machos de 22 a 42 dias de idade, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2, sendo duas formas físicas de ração (farelada ou triturada); com ou sem complexo enzimático (amilase, celulase e protease) e dois níveis nutricionais, 95 ou 100 por cento das recomendações de Rostagno et al. (2005). No experimento 1, 1200 aves foram distribuídas nos oito tratamentos com cinco repetições de 30 aves cada para avaliação de consumo de ração (CR), ganho de peso (GP), conversão alimentar (CA) e características de carcaça. Simultaneamente, foi realizado o experimento 2 (ensaio de metabolismo), em que 144 aves foram distribuídas em gaiolas metálicas, recebendo os oito tratamentos experimentais com seis repetições de três aves cada. Aos 38 dias de idade iniciou-se a coleta total de excretas, realizada uma vez ao dia, por três dias consecutivos para determinação da energia metabolizável aparente corrigida (EMAn) e dos coeficientes de metabolizabilidade da matéria seca (CMMS) e proteína bruta (CMPB) das rações experimentais. De uma maneira geral, pelos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que a suplementação enzimática não resulta em melhora no desempenho das aves e na digestibilidade dos nutrientes das rações, independentemente da forma física, devendo estas serem formuladas com 100 por cento das recomendações nutricionais.

In order to evaluate the physical form of diet and the use of enzymes and nutritional levels in diets based on corn and soybean meal, two experiments were carried out using a total of 1344 male broilers from 22 to 42 days of age, distributed in a randomized design in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme with two physical forms of diet (meal or crushed), with and without enzymatic complex (amylase, cellulase and protease) and two nutritional levels (95 or 100 percent of the recommendations). In experiment 1, 1200 birds were distributed to the eight treatments with five replicates of 30 chickens each, to evaluate the feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG) and feed conversion (FC) and carcass traits of birds. Simultaneously, in the experiment 2 (assay metabolism), 144 birds were distributed in metal cages and received the eight experimental treatments in six replicates of three birds each. At 38 days of age the total excreta collection were started, and the collect for three consecutive days to determine the apparent metabolizable energy corrected (AMEn) and the metabolizability coefficients of dry matter (MCDM) and crude protein (MCCP) of experimental diets. In general, the results can conclude that enzyme supplementation results in no improvement in bird performance and nutrient digestibility of diets, regardless of physical form, which should be made with 100 percent nutritional recommendations.

Efeitos da suplementação enzimática e da forma física da ração sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça de frangos de corte / Effects of enzyme supplementation and different phisical forms of diets on performance and carcass characteristics of broilers chicken

Um experimento foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito da suplementação do complexo enzimático Endopower bÒ, composto de a-galactosidase, galactomanase, xilanase e beta-glucanase e da forma física da ração sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 1488 frangos de corte machos, distribuídos num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, oito tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de rações à base de milho e de farelo de soja, sem adição de enzimas ou com 200 ou 400 g de enzimas por tonelada de ração e duas formas físicas (farelada e peletizada). Dois tratamentos adicionais continham dieta basal farelada com energias do milho e farelo de soja valorados em 2 e 9 por cento, respectivamente e digestibilidade de aminoácidos valorados em 4 por cento para ambos ingredientes, sendo um tratamento sem adição de enzimas e outro com a adição de 200 g por tonelada de ração. O desempenho foi avaliado de 1 a 21 dias e 1 a 42 dias de idade das aves. Houve efeito da suplementação enzimática no consumo de ração, nos dois períodos avaliados (P<0,05), o qual reduziu linearmente. A conversão alimentar melhorou (P<0,05) no período de 1-21 dias. O teor de gordura abdominal aumentou linearmente (P<0,05). Houve interação entre suplementação enzimática e forma física da ração na conversão alimentar (P<0,01) e ganho de peso (P<0,05) no período de 1-42 dias, sendo a forma peletizada sem enzimas a que proporcionou melhor desempenho (P<0,05). O ganho de peso de 1-21 dias e o rendimento de carcaça foram superiores nas aves recebendo ração peletizada (P<0,05). A valoração do milho e do farelo de soja não afetou o desempenho (P>0,05) dos frangos de corte 1-21 dias de idade.

A study was conducted in order to verify the effect of enzyme supplementation (EndopowerbÒ, based on de alpha-galactosidase, galactomanase, xilanase e beta-glucanase) and feeding different physical forms of diets on performance and carcass yield of broilers from 1 to 42 dais old. A total of 1488 broilers chickens, 8 treatments, 6 replicates and 31 broilers per experimental unit plot were fed with diets based on corn and soybean, with enzyme supplementation 200 or 400g for ton. and without enzymes supplementation and two physical forms (meal and pelleted ). Two additional basal diets with the energetic values of corn and soybean meal valued in 2 and 9 percent respectively and digestibilidade of amino acids digestibility valued in 4 percent by using one treatment with no enzyme supplementation and another one with enzyme supplementation of 200g/ton. Two periods 1-21 and 22-42 days old were evaluated. Reduced feed intake were observed in linear way (P<0.05) by the enzyme supplementation (P<0.05) in two periods. Broilers fed diets supplemented showed better feed conversion in the period of 1-21 days (P<0.05). Percentage of abdominal fat increased linearly with the increase of the supplementation level of enzyme (P<0.05). The interaction between enzyme supplementation and physical form was significant (P<0.05) for weight gain (P<0.05) and feed conversion (P<0.01) in the period of 1-42 days old . Pelleted diets showed better weight gain in the 1- 21 days (P<0.05). The pelleted diet improved performance to the broilers fed diets without enzyme supplementation (P<0.05). The carcass yield and weight gain in the period of 121 days were better in broilers fed pelleted diets (P<0.05). ). The valued energetic data of corn and soybean meal shown any difference (P>0.05) on the broiler performance from 1 to 21 days old.