Pediatric ocular trauma: intraorbital foreign body. case report

ABSTRACT Introduction: Penetrating traumas in the orbit and intraorbital foreign bodies during pediatric age are rare and could be associated with vascular and optic nerve injuries. Clinical case: Five-year-old female patient with penetrating trauma in left orbit of 1 hour of evolution caused by a brush after accidentally tripping with a classmate while painting during art class. The patient was taken the pediatric emergency department of the Clinica Universitaria Colombia in Bogotá where she was admitted, assessed with scanographic studies and taken to surgery to remove the intraorbital foreign body. Discussion: The case of this patient was characterized by indemnity of the eyeball, central artery and vein of the retina and optic nerve, in addition to timely and interdisciplinary management that reduced the risk of complications. Conclusions: The analysis of the clinical evolution of the patient allowed identifying the key events to approach this type of cases, as well as the multiple management and prognosis alternatives according to the type and trajectory of the penetrating object.

RESUMEN Introducción. Los traumas penetrantes en la órbita y los cuerpos extraños intraorbitarios durante la edad pediátrica son raros, pero pueden asociar compromiso vascular y del nervio óptico. Presentación del caso. Paciente femenino de cinco años de edad con trauma penetrante en órbita izquierda de una hora de evolución causado con un pincel. La niña tropezó con un compañero mientras pintaba durante la clase de artes cuando se produjo el accidente. Fue llevada a urgencias pediátricas de la Clínica Universitaria Colombia en Bogotá, donde fue ingresada, valorada con estudios escanográficos y llevada a cirugía para extracción del cuerpo extraño intraorbitario. Discusión. El caso de esta paciente se caracterizó por la indemnidad del globo ocular, la arteria y vena centrales de la retina y el nervio óptico, además de un manejo oportuno e interdisciplinario que disminuyó el riesgo de complicaciones. Conclusiones. El análisis del curso clínico de la paciente permitió identificar los eventos clave para el abordaje de estos casos, sus variaciones de manejo y el pronóstico según el tipo y la trayectoria del objeto penetrante.

Does Nationality Matter for the Gunshot Brain Injury? Ten-Year Retrospective Observational Cadaveric Comparative Study for Gunshot TBI between Greece and Bulgaria / 대한신경손상학회지

OBJECTIVE: Penetrating brain trauma (PBT) caused by gunshot is one of the most lethal traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and its management and confrontation is of great importance. METHODS: The authors searched retrospectively the archives from 2 similar autonomous laboratories of forensic science and toxicology in the Balkan peninsula for a 10-year period of time and included only fatal penetrating brain injuries. RESULTS: The study is conducted in 61 cadavers with gunshot PBT. All of the cadavers were victims of suicide attempt. The most common anatomical localization on the skull were the facial bones, followed by skull base, temporal and parietal bone, conducting a trajectory of the gunshot. Additional findings were atherosclerosis of the blood vessels and chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer and fatty liver. CONCLUSION: PBI has a high mortality rate. There are factors and findings from the collected data differing between the 2 aforementioned nations. Either way, better preventative measures, gun control and healthcare system are highly necessary.