A Study of the Urethral and Stretched Penile Lengths in the Adult, Indian, Male Population

There are few contemporary studies about the normal Urethral and Penile Length and the paucity of data about the same is surprising. This paper aims to add to the existing sparse anatomical data about the same. 264 male patients (age 18-82 years) admitted at a Tertiary Care Center, for any non-urological indication, between January, 2019 and April, 2020, who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were included in the study. The methodology was based on direct measurement of the Stretched Penile Length (penopubic junction to tip of glans) and estimating the Urethral Length by measuring the exposed segment of an indwelling Foley catheter and subtracting it from the total catheter length (measured from the base of balloon to the 慪� junction). The mean Urethral Length was 17.8 cm (14-30 cm) and the mean Stretched Penile Length was 7.8 cm (5-12 cm). There was no correlation between the age, BMI and Urethral Length or the Stretched Penile Length.

N-acetylcysteine maintains penile length and erectile function in bilateral cavernous nerve crush rat model by reducing penile fibrosis / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Penile length shortening and erectile dysfunction are common complications after radical prostatectomy. Various methods have been used to maintain erectile function, but less attention has been paid to preserving penis length. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has the effect of antioxidation and antifibrotic, which may be beneficial to improve those postoperative complications. This study investigated the effect of NAC on maintaining the penile length and the erectile function after bilateral cavernous nerve crush (BCNC) and its underlying mechanism. Twenty-four male rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, BCNC group, and BCNC + NAC group. NAC or equal volume of saline was daily administrated by intragastric gavage for 4 weeks. The initial and end penile lengths were measured. Intracavernosal pressure/mean arterial pressure (ICP/MAP) ratio was calculated to assess erectile function. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot were performed to explore cellular and molecular changes of the penis. Compared to the BCNC group, the penile length, ICP/MAP ratio and smooth muscle/collagen ratio in the BCNC + NAC group were improved significantly (all P < 0.05), and the expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, α-smooth muscle actin, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase 1 were significantly increased after NAC treated (all P < 0.05), along with the decreased expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, transforming growth factor-β1, collagen I, collagen III, collagen IV, malonaldehyde, and lysine oxidase (all P < 0.05). This study demonstrated that NAC could maintain penile length and partly improve erectile function. Possible mechanism is directly and/or indirectly related to antihypoxic and antifibrosis.

Modern treatment strategies for penile prosthetics in Peyronie's disease: A contemporary clinical review / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Peyronie's disease is a common condition resulting in penile deformity, psychological bother, and sexual dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction is one common comorbid condition seen in men with Peyronie's disease, and its presence significantly impacts treatment considerations. In a man with Peyronie's disease and significant erectile dysfunction who desires the most reliable treatment, penile prosthesis placement should be strongly considered. In some instances, such as those patients with relatively mild curvature, prosthesis placement alone may result in adequate straightening. However, many patients will require additional straightening maneuvers such as manual modeling, penile plication, and tunica albuginea incision with or without grafting. For patients with severe penile shortening, penile length restoration techniques may also be considered. Herein, we provide a comprehensive clinical review of penile prosthesis placement in men with Peyronie's disease. Specifically, we discuss preoperative indications, intraoperative considerations, adjunctive straightening maneuvers, and postoperative outcomes.

Penis Length of Elementary School Students in Karawang Regency West Java

@#Introduction: Penile length is defined as a length from base of penile until the tip of the glans. If the length of penile less than 2.5 standard deviations (SD) on average of its age it characterized as a micropenis. The aim of this study is to describe the penile length and micropenis condition in elementary school student. Method: This is a descriptive study to find out the penile length in elementary school boys. Penile length was measured from symphysis pubic to tip of the glans using a rigid ruler by stretching the penile or stretching penile length (SPL) and identified the micropenis condition. Results: There were 203 boys with age ranging from 6 until 13 years old. Mean penile length on all age groups are slightly above mean - 2.5 SD. Micropenis was found in 52 boys (22.6%), half of them are in 9 to 11 years old groups. Most subjects are Sundanese. Conclusions: The mean penile length in all age groups were shorter than the reference that we used. Majority of the subjects in our study were Sundanese, this finding suggest that Sundanese children has a shorter penile length than a subject used in our reference study. Micropenis case findings in this study turned out to be quite large and surprising.

Modern treatment strategies for penile prosthetics in Peyronie's disease: a contemporary clinical review / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Peyronie's disease is a common condition resulting in penile deformity, psychological bother, and sexual dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction is one common comorbid condition seen in men with Peyronie's disease, and its presence significantly impacts treatment considerations. In a man with Peyronie's disease and significant erectile dysfunction who desires the most reliable treatment, penile prosthesis placement should be strongly considered. In some instances, such as those patients with relatively mild curvature, prosthesis placement alone may result in adequate straightening. However, many patients will require additional straightening maneuvers such as manual modeling, penile plication, and tunica albuginea incision with or without grafting. For patients with severe penile shortening, penile length restoration techniques may also be considered. Herein, we provide a comprehensive clinical review of penile prosthesis placement in men with Peyronie's disease. Specifically, we discuss preoperative indications, intraoperative considerations, adjunctive straightening maneuvers, and postoperative outcomes.

The Prevalence of Varicocele and Evaluation of External Genital Organs of Boys on 3rd grade in Middle School in Chonju City / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to estimate development of secondary sex characters and genitalia including testicular volume, penile length and girth, and prevalence of varicocele. In addition, we evalua ted the relationship between testicular volume and presence of varicocele. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted on 893 school boys between the ages of 14 to 15 years, 3rd grade middle school in Chonju city during the period september to October, 1999. The testicular volume was measured in the upright posture using Prader's orchidometer and penile length and girth were estimated with a ruler. Varicocele was evaluated by dubin's method. RESULTS: The testis volume (mean+/-SD) was 10.20+/-2.6ml on right and 9.93+/-2.6 on left and penile length (mean+/-SD) was 10.9+/-1.6cm and penile girth (mean+/-SD) was 8.0+/-0.8cm. The prevalence of varicocele was 38.2% (342/893) in left side, 16%(146/893) in right side. The difference in testicular volume between right and left testis was statistically significant in students with unilateral varicocele than the students without varicocele (0.78+/-1.06ml v/s, 0.54+/-1.01ml, p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we obtained mean testicular volume, penile length and girth and higher incidence rate of varicocele on adolescent school age group in Chonju area. The difference in testicular varicocele. The reduction of the testicular volume with varicocele correlated with the severity of grade of varicocele need following up to disclose the effect of the varicocele on the testicular growth and fertility potential.

The Psychologic Study on the Self Esteem about Penile Size of the Third Decade Men in Korea / 대한남성과학회지

PURPOSE: The penile augmentation operation is becoming popular in Korea, but there is not enough data about psychologic aspects of Korean male's thoughts about their penile size. We investigated the flaccid and stretched penile sizes of young Korean males and their penile size complex or pride. We performed Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) test. This study may be used for better patient consultation in penile augumentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After explanation and agreement to the purpose and methods of this study, 123 Korean male in early 20's who visit our institution were studied. We measured their pre-pubic bone fat pad depth, flaccid penile length, flaccid mid-shaft circumferences and stretched length under warm and comfortable private environment. Because the stretched penile length closely correlated with the erect length, we did not measure the erect length. Then they were asked to answer questions of MMPI and other questions including, 'how do you think about your penile size?'. We used the student t-test to analyze our data statistically. RESULTS: In 123 subjects, mean flaccid length, flaccid circumference, stretched length and fat pad depth were 6.9 0.8cm, 8.5+/-1.1cm, 9.6+/-0.8cm and 1.1+/-0.4cm respectively (Table 1). In 123 subjects, the distribution of the answer about penile size was 1 (0.8%) 'very small', 29 (23.6%) 'small', 86 (69.9%) 'normal', 6 (4.9%) 'large', and 1 (0.8%) 'very large'. Compared to the subjects who thought their penis was normal, the subjects who thought their penile size was small, showed high hypochondriasis and psychasthenia scale and the subjects who thought their penile size was large, showed high hysteria scale in MMPI test. Subjects who underestimated their penile size, showed high depression, psychasthenia scale in MMPI test CONCLUSIONS: In consultation of the patient who want penile augmentation, urologist should consider psychologic tendency of the patients about their penile size.

Normal Penile Size and Self Esteem about Penile Size of the Third Decade Men in Korea / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: The penile augmentation operation is getting popular in Korea, but we don`t have enough data about normal penile length distribution of Korean male and their self-esteem about their penile size. So I investigated the flaccid and erect penile sizes of young Korean males and their penile size complex or pride if any. This study data could be a step stone to establish better operation indication and patient consultation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After explanation and agreement to the purpose and methods of this study, 171 Korean male in early 20`s who visit our institution were take part in. I measured their pre-pubic bone fat pad depth, flaccid penile length, flaccid mid-shaft circumferences and stretched length under warm and comfortable private environment. Then erect penile lengths and mid-shaft circumferences were measured after self-stimulation which was tried two times if needed. I used rigid ruler except the measuring of penile circumference to avoid measurement bias originated from penile skin curvature. Then they were asked to answer several questions including, `How do you think about your penile size?`, `Why do you think so?'. I used the correlation analysis and the student t-test to analyze our data statistically. RESULTS: Total number of study subject who can get sufficient erection is 156 among 171 subjects. In 156 subjects, mean flaccid length, flaccid circumference, erect length and erect circumference were 6.1+/-1.3cm, 8.9+/-0.8cm, 10.8+/-1.3cm and 11.3+/-1.2cm(Table 1). Mean stretched length was 9.6+/-1.2cm and the stretched length most closely correlated with the erect length(r=0.81)(Table 2). Mean fat pad depth was 1.1+/-0.4cm and mean functional penile length, the sum of erect length and fat pad depth, was 11.9+/-1.3cm. In 156 subjects, the answer about penile size were 7(4.5%) `very small`, 32(20.5%) `small`, 110(70.5%) `normal`, 7(4.5%) `large`, and no `very large`(Table 3). And most of them compared their penile size with others at rest room or rocker room. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that more Korean young males think their penile size is small rather than large. And their penile self-esteem is based on their flaccid length mostly. To define the length guideline of penile augmentation, I used flaccid length 3.5cm and erect length 8.2cm as reference values which are 2 standard deviation below from the average among normal distribution. In consultation of the patient who want penile augmentation, urologist should consider the tendency of low self-esteem about penile size and the distribution of flaccid and erect penile size of young Korean male.