Factores de salud percibida y de calidad de vida al inicio de la educación universitaria en Colombia / Perceived health and quality of life factors at the beginning of university education in Colombia

Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar factores de salud percibida y de calidad de vida en estudiantes de primer semestre de una universidad privada en Colombia. Para esto, se contó con una muestra por conveniencia de 636 estudiantes (M = 18 años, DE = 1.38) que participó en la primera medición de una investigación longitudinal denominada VIDA2020. En particular, se realizó un diseño de investigación observacional transversal, enmarcado en una investigación de cohorte. Del protocolo de evaluación del proyecto, este reporte incluye un cuestionario con datos sociodemográficos y antecedentes médicos, las subescalas de depresión y estrés del DASS-21, un ítem del SF36V-2 y el WHOQOL-BREF. En general, como resultado se encontró que el 91 % de los estudiantes valora su salud global como buena o excelente; que dicha valoración es significativamente menor en quienes reportan antecedentes de enfermedad (80.5 %) y síntomas de depresión (86.1 %) y estrés (83.1 %); que las mujeres, los migrantes y quienes reportan antecedentes de enfermedad puntúan menor calidad de vida física, psicológica y ambiental; y que el estrés y la depresión predicen menores puntajes de calidad de vida física y psicológica, con correlaciones más fuertes en comparación con las variables demográficas y médicas. Estos hallazgos permiten identificar y priorizar las necesidades especiales en salud de los nuevos estudiantes.

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify factors of perceived health and quality of life in first semester students of a private university in Colombia. For this purpose, a convenience sample of 636 students (M= 18 years, SD.=1.38) participated in this first phase of the longitudinal study called VIDA2020. An observational cross-sectional research design framed within a cohort study was used. From the assessment protocol of the project, this report includes a questionnaire with sociodemographic data and medical history, the DASS-21 depression and stress subscales, one item of the SF36V-2, and the WHOQOL-BREF. Results showed that most students (91%) rated their overall health as good or excellent, but this rating was significantly lower in those reporting a history of illness in their medical background (80.5%) and symptoms of depression (86.1%) and stress (83.1%). Women, migrants and those reporting a history of illness scored lower on physical, psychological and environmental dimensions of quality of life. Additionally, stress and depression predict lower physical and psychological quality of life scores, with stronger correlations compared to sociodemographic and medical variables. These findings allow the identification and prioritization of special health needs of new students.

Self-perceived health in psychiatrists and psychiatry trainees. The role of perfectionism and distress / Autopercepción de la salud en psiquiatras y residentes de psiquiatría. El rol del perfeccionismo y el distrés

Abstract Introduction Self-perceived health (SPH) is related to disease and well-being. Psychiatrists report burnout and mental disorders more frequently than other physicians, while personality traits related to perfectionism may influence the perception of well-being and health in these professionals. Objective To compare and determine the association between demographic variables, health conditions, perceived distress, perfectionism, and SPH. Method A cross-sectional, retrospective, comparative study was performed through an online survey. Psychiatrists and psychiatry trainees who were willing and able to participate were included. Demographic variables and self-reports of mental and physical conditions were examined. SPH was rated on a 10-point visual analogue scale and perfectionism through the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Comparative analyses and multiple linear regression models were performed. Results Three hundred and thirty psychiatry trainees and 355 psychiatrists were recruited. Psychiatrists reported more physical conditions (32.4% vs. 15%, p < .001), distress (p < .001), and perfectionism (p < .001). Major depression and anxiety were present over 50% of all participants. A higher SPH was associated with being partnered and having higher distress levels in psychiatry trainees and with the absence of a physical health condition, less concern over errors, and higher personal standards in psychiatrists. Discussion and conclusion Self-oriented perfectionism may have a significant motivational component, accentuated by competitiveness and individualism. Being married and having higher levels of distress in psychiatry trainees appears to create a sense of satisfaction with achievements. The implementation of strategies to prioritize and meet goals is necessary to have an adequate work-life balance without affecting personal satisfaction or the sense of achievement.

Resumen Introducción La autopercepción de la salud (APS) se relaciona con enfermedad y bienestar. Los psiquiatras reportan desgaste emocional y trastornos mentales con mayor frecuencia que otros médicos. El perfeccionismo puede influir en la percepción de la salud en estos profesionistas. Objetivo Comparar y determinar la asociación de variables demográficas, condiciones de salud, distrés y perfeccionismo con la APS. Método Se realizó un estudio transversal, retrospectivo y comparativo mediante una encuesta en línea. Se incluyeron psiquiatras y residentes de psiquiatría que participaron voluntariamente. Se registraron variables demográficas, enfermedades médicas y psiquiátricas (autorreporte). La APS se evaluó con una escala análogo-visual de 10 puntos y el perfeccionismo con la Escala Multidimensional de Perfeccionismo. Se realizaron análisis comparativos y modelos de regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados Se reclutaron 330 residentes y 355 psiquiatras. Los psiquiatras reportaron más enfermedades físicas (32.4% vs. 15%, p < .001), distrés (p < .001) y perfeccionismo (p < .001). Más del 50% de los participantes reportaron ansiedad y depresión. Una mayor APS se asoció con tener pareja y mayor distrés en los residentes, y con la ausencia de una enfermedad física, menor preocupación por errores y mayores estándares personales en los psiquiatras. Discusión y conclusión El perfeccionismo orientado hacía sí mismo puede tener un componente motivacional acentuado por la competitividad y el individualismo. Tener una pareja y presentar mayor distrés en los residentes pudiera crear una sensación de satisfacción por logros. La creación de estrategias para priorizar y alcanzar objetivos es necesaria para tener un equilibrio de vida sin afectar la satisfacción personal y la sensación de logro.

Impact of socio-demographic variables and morbid conditions on general health component of perceived health using SF-36 form

Background: Perceived health (PH) is a subjective assessment of the health and it is a strong, independent and reliable predictor of morbidity, mortality. It includes so many aspects that are difficult to capture clinically such as incipient disease, physiological, psychological reserves. We assessed the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), co-morbidity and other associated factors on the general health (GH) dimension of the PH of the patients attending the outpatient department (OPD), Inpatient department (IPD), rural health training centre (RHTC) and urban health training centre (UHTC) of Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences (SRMS, IMS), Bareilly.Methods: PH status of the patients was assessed by the GH dimension of the physical component summary of PH using the 36-Items short form health survey (SF-36).Results: The impact of morbidity deteriorate the GH score but hypertensive patients scored poor results as compared to those with DM and comorbid patients (p>0.05). Age was inversely related with GH scores but male gender, higher education (p<0.05) and good occupation were all associated with higher GH score. There was not much influence of geographical area on the GH scores but urban score slightly better and the association was insignificant (p>0.05).Conclusions: Male young patients from urban area, educated and good job performed better score for GH and association was significant for education and occupation. The presence of morbidity and co-morbid condition deteriorate the GH of the patients. The impact of various socio-demographic factors on the PH status was also evident in the study.

Bienestar subjetivo entre adultos mayores institucionalizados en la ciudad de Cúcuta, Colombia

Resumen Este articulo reporta una investigación en torno al grado de bienestar propio que reconoce un grupo de adultos mayores institucionalizados en la ciudad de Cúcuta, Departamento del Norte de Santander, Colombia. Se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria en la población de adultos mayores institucionalizados en asilos de la ciudad de Cúcuta. Para la recolección de datos se empleó la adaptación al español del perfil PERMA, de Butler y Kern (2016), que mide emociones positivas, compromiso, relaciones, significado y logros. Los resultados muestran un nivel de bienestar autorreportado medio. La edad resultó ser un factor de peso en la percepción del bienestar de los adultos mayores institucionalizados, no así la discapacidad, independientemente de su grado. La vinculación con el mundo laboral también incide significativamente en su percepción de bienestar integral. La prueba también estableció una correlación alta entre todas las dimensiones del modelo y la percepción de la salud.

Abstract This article reports an investigation about the degree of well-being in a randomly selected group of institutionalized older adults in Cúcuta, Colombia. The PERMA profile of Butler and Kern (2016) was adapted to Spanish and used to measure positive emotions, commitment, relationships, meaning, and achievements. Results show a medium level of self-reported well-being. Age was a major factor in the perception of the well-being of institutionalized older adults, but disability, regardless of grade, was not. The link with the world of labour also has a significant impact on their perception of integral well-being. The test also established a high and significant correlation between all dimensions of the model and the perception of health.

Exposure to indoor air pollution and its perceived impact on health of women and their children: A household survey in a slum of Kolkata, India

Background: One's house is believed to be the safest and the healthiest place to live in. Indoor air pollution (IAP) means the presence of unwanted substances in the indoor air at concentration toxic to health. Objective: The objective of this study is to study the presence of IAP, its associated factors and impact on health of women residing in an urban slum of Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study done from January 2017 to March 2017 among 120 households of a slum. Data were collected using a pre-designed pre-tested schedule from the homemaker of the households. All analyses were conducted with R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Results: About 60% households used kerosene as cooking fuel predominantly. Smoke from the neighbouring houses troubled 57.5% respondents. More than 60% houses were overcrowded and more than 70% houses were poorly ventilated. IAP-related symptoms such as irritation in the eye, suffocation, dry cough significantly correlated with the presence of IAP sources and its contributory factors. Of 120, 78 (65%) perceived the presence of IAP in their houses. Lower per capita income (PCI), ground floor, and joint family were found to have higher odds of sources of IAP. Younger age, lower PCI, and ground floor were found to be strongly associated with higher contributory factors of IAP. Conclusion: The present study found that the majority of the households were exposed to IAP due to kerosene, neighborhood smoke while overcrowding and ill-ventilation accentuated it. Effective intervention with intersectoral coordination is the need of the hour.

Relationship between Perceived Health Status andPatient Satisfaction in Outpatient Settings - Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015 / 의료커뮤니케이션

BACKGROUND: It is important to investigate patient satisfaction to improve the quality of healthcare. Among the many factors that affect patient satisfaction, perceived health status has been considered as one of the major factors. Therefore, we investigated patient satisfaction through patient experience in outpatient settings according to perceived health status.METHODS: This cross-sectional study using questionnaires of patient experience and perceived health status from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015 included 4267 people aged over 19 years who met the inclusion criteria. Perceived health status was classified into three: good, fair, and poor. Questions about patient experience consisted of four items: doctor spending enough time with patients, doctor providing easy-to-understand explanation, doctor giving opportunity to ask questions or raise concerns, and doctor involving patient in decisions about care or treatment. Patient experience was classified into two: satisfied and non-satisfied. A multivariate regression model was used to analyze the data.RESULTS: In the good perceived health status group, level of satisfaction was 79.2%, 88.5%, 83.3% and 87.2%, respectively for the four items targeting patient experience. In the poor group, level of satisfaction was 76%, 84.9%, 79.5%, and 83.1%, respectively for the four items. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, the odds ratios of good perceived health status group were 1.775 (1.347–2.338), 1.946 (1.356–2.793), 1.652 (1.218–2.240), and 1.665 (1.193–2.323) compared with the poor group.CONCLUSION: Perceived health status is associated with patient satisfaction. In particular, the better the perceived health status, the better the patient satisfaction through patient experience.

Agricultural workers in a cohort of middle-aged Japanese women showed better health status than did women with other occupations / Journal of Rural Medicine

Objective: This study investigated the relationship between occupations and health status to obtain an overall understanding of a cohort of Japanese middle-aged women, including unemployed women, who comprised approximately 30% of the sample.Participants and Methods: Participants of this study were 4,454 women aged 40–69 years, classified into the following five groups based on their occupation: unemployed, 1,432; agriculture, 439; self-employed, 1,596; white collared, 793; and blue collared, 194. Participants’ perceived health was assessed using a symptoms checklist called the Todai Health Index (THI, later renamed as the Total Health Index) in a baseline survey conducted in 1993. The mortality risk of the participants was assessed using the Cox’s Proportional Hazards Model.Results: The means of the percentile values on the Total Scale 1 in the THI were as follows: agriculture, 43.7; unemployed, 50.8; self-employed, 52.5; white collared, 53.0; and blue collared, 56.1, with lower percentile values indicating better perceived health. The results showed that women engaged in agriculture were in significantly better health than were those in the other four occupations. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals of the occupational groups adjusted for age, area of residence, and Total Scale 1 scores were as follows: agriculture (reference group), 1; white collared, 1.16 (0.77–1.74); self-employed, 1.25 (0.87–1.78); unemployed, 1.27 (0.91–1.77); and blue collared, 1.50 (0.86–2.60).Conclusions: Women engaged in agriculture had a significantly higher tendency to have a better health status on the THI as compared to those from the other four occupational groups, and they exhibited the lowest HR as compared to their counterparts, though not statistically significant. We concluded that the perceived health status of unemployed women was similar to that of women engaged in agriculture.

Qualidade de vida dos idosos participantes do Projeto "Unidos da Melhor Idade" do Município de Fernão, SP, Brasil / Quality of life of elderly people participating in the "United of the best age" Project in the Municipality of Fernão, SP, Brazil / Calidad de vida de los mayores participantes del Proyecto "Unidos de la mejor edad" del Municipio de Fernão, SP, Brasil

Este estudo avaliou a qualidade de vida de um grupo de idosas identificando suas condições de saúde autopercebida. A maioria considera sua qualidade de vida boa e estão satisfeitas com a saúde. A baixa escolaridade e renda não foram fatores determinantes para sua qualidade de vida, porém a presença de sentimentos negativos, tais como: humor, desespero, ansiedade e depressão chamam a atenção para um acompanhamento do grupo de forma mais específica.

This study evaluated the quality of life of a group of elderly women identifying their self-perceived health conditions. Most consider their quality of life to be good and are satisfied with their health. Low levels of education and income were not determinant factors for their quality of life, but the presence of negative feelings such as: mood, despair, anxiety and depression call attention to a more specific follow- up of the group.

Este estudio evaluó la calidad de vida de un grupo de ancianas identificando sus condiciones de salud autopercebida. La mayoría considera su calidad de vida buena y están satisfechas con la salud. La baja escolaridad y renta no fueron factores determinantes para sus cualidades de vida, pero la presencia de sentimientos negativos tales como: humor, desesperación, ansiedad y depresión llaman atención para un acompañamiento del grupo de forma más específica.

Association between working time quality and self-perceived health: analysis of the 3rd Korean working conditions survey (2011)

BACKGROUND: Self-perceived health, a subjective assessment of one's health condition, is an important health indicator at the level of quality of life. In this study, working time quality refer to job factors with qualitative aspects of working time. This study was conducted to investigate the association between working time quality and self-perceived health in paid workers in Korea. METHODS: In this study, 35,902 paid workers were analyzed based on the 3rd Korean working conditions survey. For independent variables, working time quality (working at night, working in the evenings, working on Sundays, working on Saturdays, and working more than 10 h a day) were set as major job-related variables. Other occupational characteristics were divided into 6 groups and general characteristics were divided into 6 groups, and univariate analysis was conducted with self-perceived health, a dependent variable. Variables that had significance in the univariate analysis were used for multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: In the univariate analysis using Chi-square test, variables showing significance in self-perceived health were age, income, education, occupation, employment type, work hours per week, and shift work. Working time quality showed a significant association with self-perceived health. After adjusting for these variables using logistic regression analysis, working at night, working in the evening, working on Sundays, and working more than 10 h a day showed significant association with self-perceived health. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a statistically significant association between working time quality of employees with self-perceived health.

Nutrients Intake and Health Status by Fruits and Vegetables Intake in Adolescents Based on the 2013∼2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

This study was conducted to compare the nutrient intake, physical characteristics, and health status according to daily fruits and vegetables intake of adolescents using the Korean national health and nutrition examination survey for the sixth period (2013∼2015). Subjects were 1,096 adolescents aged 13∼18 years. The average daily intake of fruits and vegetables was 518.49±4.94 g. The two groups (insufficient, sufficient) were divided by fruits and vegetables intake (<500 g/day, ≥500 g/day) and the ratio of the insufficient group was 75.9% while that of the adequate group was 24.1%. The mean of intake of energy, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron, thiamin, niacin, vitamin C and dietary fiber differed significantly between the insufficient and sufficient groups (P<0.01, P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in physical characteristics between groups. The self-perceived health status was better in the sufficient group (P<0.05), while the insufficient group was aware of more stress in their daily life (P<0.05). The serum triglyceride was significantly higher in the sufficient group (P<0.05), while the total cholesterol was lower (P<0.05). As the characteristics of fruits and vegetables are different, it will be necessary to determine standards for consumption of each type. It is also necessary to consider whether a fruits and vegetables intake of 500 g would be a reasonable standard for adolescents. Nevertheless, the results of this study indicate efforts to increase fruits and vegetables intake by young people are necessary.

Autopercepção de saúde em trabalhadores de um Hospital Universitário e sua associação com indicadores de adiposidade, pressão arterial e prática de atividade física / Self-perceived health among workers at a University Hospital and associations with indicators of adiposity, arterial blood pressure and physical activity habits

Resumo A autopercepção de saúde tem demonstrado estreita relação com indicadores de morbidade e mortalidade. Em funcionários de hospitais existe uma escassez acerca destas informações, por isso o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalência de satisfação com a saúde em trabalhadores de um Hospital Universitário (HU) e sua associação com indicadores de adiposidade, pressão arterial (PA) e de atividade física (AF). Participaram do estudo 380 adultos entre 20 e 59 anos com idade média de 43,92 (DP = 8,46) anos. A autopercepção de saúde foi avaliada mediante uma questão extraída do questionário “WHOQOL-bref”. A satisfação com a saúde foi de 60,8%, e as mulheres declararam estar menos satisfeitas. A análise ajustada pelo sexo indicou que apresentar IMC eutrófico se associou com a maior ocorrência de satisfação com a saúde (RP = 1,478 [IC 95%: 1,272 – 1,717]) seguido pela CC (RP = 1,323 [IC 95%: 1,135 – 1,541]). A PA e a AF não se associaram à autopercepção de saúde. Conclui-se que os trabalhadores do HU reconhecem os riscos à sua saúde, todavia negligenciam a importância de manter valores pressóricos adequados e ter uma prática regular de AF com o intuito de postergar o surgimento de alguma condição crônica que seja maléfica ao organismo.

Abstract It has been shown that self-perceived health has a close relationship with indicators of morbidity and mortality. Since there is a lack of information on the self-perceived health status of hospital workers, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of satisfaction with health among people working at a University Hospital (UH) and its associations with indicators of adiposity, arterial blood pressure (BP) and physical activity (PA). A total of 380 adults took part in the study, with ages ranging from 20 to 59 and a mean age of 43.92 (SD = 8.46) years. Self-perceived health was assessed using a question from the “WHOQOL-bref” questionnaire. Overall satisfaction with health was 60.8%, and women reported lower satisfaction than men. An analysis adjusted for sex showed that having a healthy BMI was associated with the highest rate of satisfaction with health (PR = 1.478 [95%CI: 1.272 – 1.717]), followed by WC (PR = 1.323 [95%CI: 1.135 – 1.541]). Neither BP nor PA were associated with self-perceived health. It was concluded that the UH workers are aware of risks to their health, but that they do not recognize the importance of maintaining healthy blood pressure or of engaging in regular PA in order to delay onset of chronic conditions that could be harmful to them.

Sports injuries and the changes in physical activity, perceived health state and exercise self-efficacy according to the sports injuries of the elderly who participate in physical activities

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe sports injuries among elderly people and to compare physical activity, perceived health status and exercise self-efficacy between elderly people who had experienced a sports injury and elderly people who hadn't. METHODS: The sample of this study were 100 elderly in Korea, 51 of whom had had a sports injury. The study used questionnaires to gather data. There were 8 demographic factors, 4 factors related to physical activity, perceived health status and exercise self-efficacy of the subjects. Data were analyzed by frequencies, chi-square test, and t-test. RESULTS: Among the sports injured elders, one occurrence of a sport injury was 86.3%. There were more outdoor than indoor sports injuries of elders (66.7%), and sports injuries of elders occurred more in the winter (82.7%). The major cause of the sports injuries was loss of balance. Ankles were frequently damaged from these injuries. The most significant change after the sports injury was reduction of physical activity (60.8%). There were significant differences between sports injured elderly and non-injured elderly for age (χ2=2.58, p=.011) and the amount of physical activity (t=1.96, p=.050), but there was no significant difference in perceived health status and exercise self-efficacy. CONCLUSION: To prevent sports injuries in the elderly means to maintain a medium level of physical activity and to improve their balance.

Salud percibida y salud real: prevalencia en las personas mayores de 60 años / Perceived health and real health: prevalence among persons aged 60 and older / Saúde percebida e saúde real: prevalência nas pessoas idosas de 60 anos

Objetivo: Analizar el estado de salud de la población mayor de 60 años y la relación que existe entre la autopercepción de la salud que tienen las personas mayores y su salud real; se valoró la mediación en esta relación de aspectos sociodemográficos como la edad y el género. Método: Diseño descriptivo, transversal, de prevalencia. Localización: 15 centros de día y 10 residencias de la provincia de Almería (España). Participantes: 1,220 personas mayores de 60 años (M = 70.9; DT = 7.9), de los cuales el 48.3% son hombres y el 51.7% mujeres. Mediciones: Se analizó el género, la edad, el estado civil, la presencia o no de diferentes enfermedades y problemas de salud, y el nivel de salud percibido. Resultados: Los problemas de salud relacionados con los huesos y articulaciones son los más frecuentes. Existen diferencias significativas (p = 0.000) en la percepción de la salud entre ambos géneros; los hombres tienen una mejor percepción de su salud. Hay una relación negativa y significativa (p < 0.001) entre la edad y la percepción de la salud. Tanto el número de enfermedades (r2 = 0.251) como la edad (r2 = 0.010) y el género (r2 = 0.002) forman parte del modelo explicativo de la percepción de salud. Conclusiones: El número de enfermedades, la edad y el género son variables que explican una cuarta parte de la variable subjetiva salud percibida, por tanto ofrecen indicios de poder ser utilizadas en la planificación de las políticas sanitarias.

Objective: To analyze the health of the population aged 60 and older, and the relationship between their perception of their health and their real condition. The relationship with social-demographic issues such as gender was also assessed. Method: Descriptive, transversal and prevalence study of 15 Day and 10 Residential Centers in the province of Almería (Spain), with 1,220 persons aged 60 and older (M = 70.9, SD = 7.9), 48.3% male and 51.7% female. Measurements Gender, age, civil status, and the presence of pathologies and health problems, as well as the perceived health level were all assessed. Results: Health problems related to bones and articulations were the most reported. There are significant differences (P=0.000) in the perception of health between both genders; males have a better perception of their health. There is a negative and significant relation (P < .001) between age and the perception of health. The number of illnesses (r2 = 0.251), age (r2 = 0.010), and gender (r2 = 0.002) are all part of the explicative model of the perception of health. Conclusions: The number of illnesses, age, and gender are variables which explain a quarter of the subjective perception of health variable, and thus, they indicate a possible use in the planning of health policies.

Objetivo: Analisar o estado de saúde da população idosa de 60 anos e, a relação que existe entre a auto percepção da saúde que realizam as pessoas idosas e a sua saúde real. Valorizou-se a intermediação de aspetos sócio demográficos como a idade e o género. Método: Desenho descritivo, transversal de prevalência. Localização: 15 centros de dia e 10 moradias da província de Almería (na Espanha). Participantes: 1220 pessoas idosas de 60 anos (M = 70.9; DT = 7.9), das quais o 48.3% são homens e o 51.7% são mulheres. Medições Analisou-se o género, a idade, o estado civil, a presença e a não presença de diferentes patologias e problemas de saúde e, o nível de saúde percebido. Resultados: Os problemas de saúde relacionados com os ossos e as articulações são os mais frequentes. Existem diferenças significativas (p = 0.000) na percepção de saúde entre ambos os géneros, os homens têm uma melhor percepção da sua saúde. Há uma relação negativa e significativa (p < 0.001) entre a idade e a percepção da saúde. Tanto o número de doenças (r2 = 0.251) como a idade (r2 = 0.010) e o género (r2 = 0.002) formam parte do modelo explicativo da percepção da saúde. Conclusõeso: O número de doenças, a idade e o género são variáveis que explicam uma quarta parte da variável subjetiva "saúde percebida", portanto, oferecem índicios de poderem ser utilizadas na planificação de políticas sanitárias.

Differences in Perceived Health Status Outcomes among Heterosexual, Homosexual (Gay or Lesbian) and Bisexual Korean adolescents / Diferencias en el estatus de salud percibido entre adolescentes coreanos heterosexuales, homosexuales (gays o lesbianas) y bisexuales

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in perceived health status outcomes among heterosexual, homosexual (gay or lesbian), and bisexual Korean adolescents. Originally, in 2012, over 70,000 adolescents aged 12-18 years participated in the Eighth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS -VIII). However, only 11,829 adolescents provided information on their sexual experiences and behaviors, such as kissing, fondling, and sexual orientations, i.e., homosexual (gay or lesbian), bisexual, or heterosexual. Therefore, data from only 11,829 adolescents surveyed were analyzed using a one -way analysis of variance, with a Scheffe post-hoc test, to determine the differences in perceived health status outcomes among Korean adolescents of the different sexual orientation groups. Boys across all 3 groups showed significant differences in general health status (p = 0.004), happiness (p = 0.045), and getting sufficient sleep (p = 0.004). Further, Scheffe post-hoc comparisons of group mean scores revealed that homosexual (gay) boys had poorer overall health (p = 0.004) and bisexual boys had less sufficient sleep (p = 0.017); however, there were no significant differences in happiness between homosexual (gay) (p = 0.651) and bisexual boys (p = 0.064) as compared to heterosexual boys. Moreover, there were no significant differences in general body shape (p = 0.320) and oral health (p = 0.549) among the 3 groups we studied. Girls differed significantly in general body shape (p = 0.026) across all 3 groups in the results of the one-way ANOVA we performed. However, according to Scheffe post-hoc analyses, no significant differences existed in general body shape among girls in both the homosexual (lesbian) and bisexual groups (p = 0.112 and 0.204, respectively). Additionally, there were no significant differences in general health status (p = 0.113), happiness (p = 0.602), oral health (p = 0.290), and getting sufficient sleep (p = 0.481) among adolescent girls in all 3 groups. From these results, we concluded that, in general, homosexual (gay or lesbian) and bisexual Korean teens do not differ significantly from heterosexual Korean teens in perceived health status outcomes.

El propósito de este estudio fue examinar las diferencias en los resultados del estado de salud percibido entre adolescentes coreanos heterosexuales, homosexuales (gays o lesbianas) y bisexuales. Originalmente, en 2012, más de 70.000 adolescentes de 12 a 18 años participaron en la Octava Encuesta Coreana para la Juventud sobre comportamientos riesgosos (KYRBWS-VIII). Sin embargo, sólo 11.829 adolescentes proporcionaron información sobre sus experiencias sexuales y comportamientos, como los besos, las caricias, y orientaciones sexuales, es decir, homosexual (gay o lesbiana), bisexual o heterosexual. Por lo tanto, los datos de sólo 11.829 adolescentes encuestados fueron analizados mediante un análisis de varianza, con una prueba post-hoc de Scheffe, para determinar las diferencias en los resultados del estado de salud percibido entre los adolescentes coreanos de los diferentes grupos de orientación sexual. Jóvenes en todos los 3 grupos mostraron diferencias significativas en el estado de salud general (p = 0,004), la felicidad (p = 0,045), y dormir lo suficiente (p = 0,004). Además, las comparaciones de grupo post-hoc de Scheffe muestran las puntuaciones significativas que revelan que los homosexuales (gay) chicos tenían peor salud general (p = 0,004) y los chicos bisexuales presentaban una deficiencia en el sueño (p = 0,017); sin embargo, no hubo diferencias significativas en la felicidad entre homosexual (Gay) (p = 0,651) y chicos bisexuales (p = 0,064) en comparación con los niños heterosexuales. Por otra parte, no hubo diferencias significativas en la forma general del cuerpo (p = 0,320) y la salud oral (p = 0,549) entre los 3 grupos estudiados. Las niñas difieren significativamente en la forma del cuerpo general (p = 0,026) en todos los 3 grupos en los resultados de la ANOVA de una vía. Sin embargo, de acuerdo con el análisis post-hoc de Scheffe, no existen diferencias significativas en forma general del cuerpo de las niñas, tanto en el homosexual (lesbiana) y bisexuales (p = 0,112 y 0,204, respectivamente). Además, no hubo diferencias significativas en el estado de salud general (p = 0,113), la felicidad (p = 0,602), la salud oral (p = 0,290), y dormir lo suficiente (p = 0,481) entre las adolescentes en los 3 grupos. A partir de estos resultados, se concluye que, en general, los adolescentes homosexuales (gays o lesbianas) y bisexuales de Corea no difieren significativamente de los adolescentes coreanos heterosexuales en los resultados del estado de salud percibido.

Influence on Health Promotion Behavior among Government-funded Research Institute's Employee according to Perceptive Health Status and Social Support / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among perceived health status and social support to identify the influencing factors of health promotion behavior in government-funded research institute's employee. METHODS: The participants were 222 employees in three government-funded research institute. Questionnaires were used to measure the levels of the perceived health status, social support and health promotion behavior. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, multiple regression, and the IBM SPSS/WIN 19.0 program. RESULTS: The predicting factors for health promotion behavior were age, smoking, perceived health status and social support. The variables explained the health promotion behavior by 34.3%. CONCLUSION: A survey of the various influencing factors of health promotion behavior will be required and social support system for government-funded research institute's employee is needed.

Adaptación Universitaria y Su Relación con la Salud Percibida en Una Muestra de Jóvenes de Perú / Adaptation to College and Its Relation to Perceived Health in A Sample of Peruvian Students / Adaptação Universitária e Sua Relação com a Saúde Percebida Numa Amostra de Jovens do Peru

El propósito de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre la salud percibida y la adaptación a la vida universitaria de un grupo de jóvenes estudiantes de Lima, Perú. Para ello, se aplicó el Cuestionario de Adaptación Universitaria (QVA -R) y una medida de salud percibida, a una muestra de 281 estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados mostraron una relación positiva entre la salud percibida y las cinco áreas que miden la adaptación universitaria. El área Personal presentó la mayor relación con la salud percibida. Esto evidenció la importancia de la relación que existe entre la habilidad para adaptarse a la vida universitaria y la percepción de salud de los alumnos.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between perceived health and adaptation to college in a group of students from Lima, Peru. To that effect, the College Adaptation Questionnaire (QVA -R) and a measurement of perceived health were applied to a sample of 281 college students. Results showed a positive relation between apperceived health and the five areas used to measure college adaptation. The Personal area displayed the greatest connection to perceived health, thus highlighting the relation between the students' ability to adapt to college life and their perception of health.

O propósito deste estudo foi analisar a relação entre a saúde percebida e a adaptação à vida universitária de um grupo de jovens estudantes de Lima, Peru. Para isso, aplicou-se o Questionário de Adaptação Universitária (QVA -R) e uma medida de saúde percebida a uma amostra de 281 estudantes universitários. Os resultados mostraram uma relação positiva entre a saúde percebida e as cinco áreas que medem a adaptação universitária. A área Pessoal apresentou a maior relação com a saúde percebida. Isso evidenciou a importância da relação que existe entre a habilidade para se adaptar à vida universitária e a percepção da saúde dos alunos.

Factors that are Associated with Malnutrition in Vulnerable Populations from Economically Developed Countries: A Narrative Synthesis of a Systematic Review.

Background: Malnutrition is frequently managed by healthcare professionals without dietetic training using care pathways, with referral to a Dietitian occurring in patients who fail on first line treatments.A better understanding of the factors associated with malnutrition could help prioritise patients who would benefit from early referral to a Dietitian. This systematic review aimed to identify the risk factors for malnutrition, in vulnerable populations, from economically developed countries in a variety of settings. Methods: A systematic review was undertaken through electronic database searching (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EPPI Centre, Cochrane Library), hand searching references of included studies and review papers, and contact with a knowledgeable expert in the field. The last database search was conducted on 12th October 2012. The inclusion criteria were; observational studies published in English, participants who were elderly, frail or vulnerable, living in either hospitalised, institutionalised, or community settings of more economically developed countries, witheither chronic illness, and with or at risk of malnutrition. A narrative synthesis was conducted, relying primarily on words and text to summarise and explain findings, a technique most suitable where numbers are unavailable Rodgers et al [1]. Study quality was assessed using the STROBE statement von Elm et al [2]. Results: A total of 5273 titles were screened, of which 302 abstracts were examined further. 119 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were divided in broad categories. Nine categories, associated with risk of developing malnutrition, were identified; age (n=15), social (n=57), dental/oral (n=24), gender (n=7), perceived health (n=16), polypharmacy (n=15), psychological/cognitive (n=32), diseases/health status (n=37), and food/catering (n=19). Due to time constraints, 2 categories, polypharmacy and perceived health were selected for analysis, consisting of20 studies. Polypharmacy, considered to be more than 2-3 medications, is likely associated with an increased risk of malnutrition, in the community and institutional settings, in those aged >55 years. Poor perceived health is likely associated with an increased risk of malnutrition in the community, and hospital settings, in those aged <80 years. Discussion: The factors identified in this review as being associated with a risk of malnutrition, were in agreement with another recent systematic review Nieuwenhuizen et al [3]. Study quality in both groups was predominantly low, due to lack of reporting of adequate detail of patient randomisation, how the study size was arrived at, and efforts to reduce bias. The findings in this review highlight the importance of identifying polypharmacy and poor perceived health. However, there is a need for further and higher quality studies in this field, as well as the analysis of the seven other categories identified in this review, in order to help manage malnutrition. Conclusions: Polypharmacy and perceived health are factors associated with malnutrition in vulnerable populations from more economically developed countries, in a variety of settings in those aged >55 years.

The relationships between dietary behavior and health related factors according to shift work in nurses / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the stress, dietary habits, dietary behaviors, and health-related behavior of nurses. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 161 nurses studying at a cyber university. The general characteristics, stress, dietary habits, dietary behaviors, and health-related behavior of the subjects were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire in October, 2010. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the working pattern: shift workers (n = 110) and non-shift workers (n = 51). RESULTS: In the general characteristics, there were significant differences in marriage, monthly income, employment type, and job satisfaction between the two groups. Total stress score did not differ significantly between the two groups. In dietary habits, significant differences in meal regularity, skipping meals, skipping reasons, having regular mealtimes, frequency of snack and the snack time between shift workers and non-shift workers (p<0.05). Total score of dietary behaviors in shift workers was significantly lower than that in non-shift workers (p<0.05). Score of shift workers in taking three meals per day regularly was significantly lower than that of non-shift workers. In health-related behavior, a significant difference in sleeping time was observed between shift workers and non-shift workers. Dietary behavior showed negative correlation with shift work (r = 0.176) and positive correlation with health consciousness (r = 0.210) and perceived health status (r = 0.198) in subjects after adjustment for age, marriage, monthly income, and employment type (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that shift work, health consciousness, and perceived health status affected dietary behavior in subjects. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that shift working nurses had poor dietary habits and dietary behaviors, and these dietary behaviors are affected by their shift work, health consciousness, and perceive health status.

Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal en adultos mayores que consultan a la IPS Universitaria de Medellín y sus factores asociados / Oral health related quality of life in older adults assisting "IPS Universitaria" of Medellin and associated factors

Introducción y objetivo: Este estudio pretende analizar la relación existente entre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal (CVRSB) con indicadores de salud general y salud bucal autopercibida en la población adulta mayor que consulta a la IPS Universitaria y explorar los factores sociodemográficos asociados. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal en 100 adultos mayores que consultaron servicios de salud en la IPS (2012) mediante encuesta con información sociodemográfica, salud general y bucal. Aplicación del instrumento OHIP-14 (Perfil de Impacto de la Salud Oral en la Calidad de Vida). Descripción del OHIP-14 general y según diferentes variables sociodemográficas y de salud y cálculo de Razones de Prevalencia crudas y ajustadas mediante modelos multivariados. Resultados: Las mayores respuestas se concentraron en las opciones nunca o casi nunca, ocupando porcentajes superiores al 70%. Los peores indicadores de prevalencia se presentaron en mujeres, mayores de 75 años, bajo nivel educativo, estratos socioeconómicos bajos y en la población soltera. En general un poco más de la tercera parte reportaron 1 o más impactos en las dimensiones de la calidad de vida, con un promedio de 0,86 (IC95% 0,53- 1,19) y un puntaje total de severidad de 7,61 (IC95% 5,98- 9,24). Conclusión: Aunque en la mayoría de la población encuestada, su condición bucal no ejercía una influencia negativa en su calidad de vida, al analizar en profundidad se encontraron gradientes de desigualdad según factores sociodemográficos.

Introduction and objective: We aim to analyze the relationship between the oral health related quality of life, and self-perceived general and oral health indicators in elderly population assisted in the "IPS Universitaria" and to explore socio-demographic related factors. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study in 100 elderlies assisting health services in the IPS (2012), by means of surveys with socio-demographic, general and oral health information. The OHIP-14 (Oral health impact profile) was carried out. A descriptive analysis of the OHIP-14 was conducted for different variables and Prevalence Ratio were measure by means of multivariate models. Results: Higher response rates (up to 70%) were found in the dimensions "never" and "almost never" in OHIP-14. Worst indicators of impact prevalence of the OHIP-14 were found in women, population > 75 years, with low educative and socioeconomic status and in singles. A little more of third part of participants reported 1 or more impacts in the oral health related quality of life dimensions (0.86; 95%CI 0.53- 1.19) and a severity score of 7.61 (95%CI 5.98- 9.24). Conclusions: Although in the majority of the respondents, their oral conditions did not execute a negative influence in the quality of life. In-depth analysis has shown inequalities gradients according to socio-demographic factors.

Psychological Well-being, Perceived Health Status, and Health Promoting Behavior of Clinical Nurses / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: This study was designed to assess the degree of psychological well-being, perceived health status, and health promoting behavior of clinical nurses, and to identify correlations between variables. METHODS: Participants were 194 nurses working at S hospital, Seoul and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Duncan's test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regressions. RESULTS: Mean scores were 3.45 (5 point scale) for psychological well-being, 2.82(4 point scale) for perceived health status, and 2.30(4 point scale) for health promoting behavior. Psychological well-being correlated positively with perceived health status (r=.34, p<.001). Perceived health status showed a positive correlation with health promoting behavior (r=.30, p<.001). There was a positive correlation between psychological well-being and health promoting behavior (r=.52, p<.001). Personal growth(t=2.85, p=.005), purpose in life (t=2.30, p=.023) among subscales of psychological well-being, and perceived health status (t=2.13, p=.034) had a significant influence on health promoting behavior. These combinations explained 32.1% of health promoting behavior (F=12.58, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest strategies to improve health promoting behavior by enhancing psychological well-being of nurses. Furthermore, a study to identify the effects of developed and applied psychological well-being promotion program should be conducted.