ABSTRACT
Fundamentación: Las embarazadas constituyen un grupo poblacional vulnerable a varios problemas de salud, entre ellos los del componente bucal, debido en parte al desconocimiento de los factores que los propician y las modificaciones que ocurren en este periodo. Objetivo: Identificar el nivel de conocimientos, actitudes, prácticas y autopercepción de salud bucal en embarazadas del Consultorio San Pedro en Trinidad. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal de septiembre del 2020 a febrero del 2021. Se seleccionaron las 57 pacientes embarazadas del Consultorio Médico de las Familias de San Pedro, Trinidad. Se estudiaron las variables: edad, nivel de conocimiento, actitudes, prácticas y autopercepción de salud bucal. Resultados: Se constató un insuficiente nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucal en el 47.4 % de las embarazadas, el 70.2 % con actitud desfavorable, el 63.2 % con prácticas deficientes y el 68.4 % con baja autopercepción sobre salud bucal. Conclusiones: Menos de la mitad de las embarazadas presentó un bajo nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucal y más de la mitad, una actitud desfavorable, prácticas deficientes y baja autopercepción sobre salud bucal.
Background: Pregnant women constitute a population group vulnerable to several health problems, including those from the oral component, partially due to lack of knowledge on factors that cause them and changes that occur during this period. Objective: To identify the level of knowledge, attitudes, practices and self-perception on oral health in pregnant women at the San Pedro Doctor´s Office in Trinidad. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was conducted from September 2020 to February 2021. 57 pregnant patients were selected from the San Pedro Doctor´s Office in Trinidad. The following variables were studied: age, level of knowledge, attitudes, practices and self-perception on oral health. Results: Insufficient oral health knowledge was found in 47.4 % of pregnant women, 70.2 % with non-favorable attitudes, 63.2 % with poor practices and 68.4 % with low self-perception on oral health. Conclusions: Less than half of pregnant women had a low level on oral health knowledge and more than half had non-favorable attitudes, poor practices and low self-perception on oral health.
Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Attitude , Oral Health/educationABSTRACT
The scope of this study is to investigate the association between occupational stress and self-perception of oral health. Data were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire filled out in a Pró-Saúde Study by 3253 administrative technical staff from Rio de Janeiro's State University. Occupational stress was measured by means of a questionnaire elaborated in 1970 by Karasek, duly shortened by Thorell in 1988. Ordinal logistic regression was used for data analysis, subsequently adjusted for three blocks of variables. Workers exposed to high occupational demands and little occupational control and to passive work had higher chances of self-perception of worse oral health, when compared with those exposed to low occupational demands, there being no association observed in those exposed to active work. However, in the multiple regression model the following estimates were reduced in magnitude and lost statistical significance, namely high occupational demands and passive work. Workers exposed to high occupational demands revealed worse self-reported oral health, which seems to be partly explained by health behavior patterns, the presence of oral health problems and seeking dental services at longer intervals than once per year.
O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a associação entre estresse no trabalho e a autopercepção de saúde bucal. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de questionário de autopreenchimento de 3.253 funcionários técnicos administrativos da Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro em um Estudo do Pró-Saúde. O estresse no trabalho foi medido por meio de um questionário elaborado por Karasek em 1970 e reduzido por Theorell em 1988. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se regressão logística ordinal, posteriormente ajustada para três blocos de variáveis. Trabalhadores expostos a alta exigência e pouco controle no trabalho e ao trabalho passivo, tiveram maiores chances de perceber pior saúde bucal, quando comparados àqueles expostos a baixa exigência no trabalho, não se observando associação com aqueles expostos ao trabalho ativo. Entretanto, no modelo de regressão múltipla, estas estimativas reduziram em magnitude e perderam significância estatística, a saber: alta exigência e trabalho passivo. Funcionários expostos à alta exigência no trabalho apresentaram pior saúde bucal autorreferida que parece ser em parte explicada pelas comportamentais em saúde, presença de problemas de saúde bucal e uso de serviços odontológicos com uma frequência maior do que uma vez ao ano.