ABSTRACT
La traqueotomía percutánea por dilatación es un procedimiento que se realiza en las unidades de paciente crítico, implica la disección roma de los tejidos pretraqueales, seguida de la dilatación de la tráquea sobre la guía y la inserción de la cánula traqueal mediante la técnica de Seldinger. En las últimas décadas, la evidencia sugiere que, en manos de médicos capacitados, es al menos tan segura como la traqueotomía quirúrgica, con similar incidencia de complicaciones. La selección adecuada de pacientes y el uso de herramientas de seguridad complementarias, como broncoscopio o ultrasonido, disminuyen las tasas de falla y complicaciones. Siendo contraindicaciones absolutas para traqueotomía percutánea por dilatación una anatomía anormal, tumor maligno en el sitio de traqueostomía, coagulopatías o vía aérea difícil. La guía mediante broncoscopia permite la evaluación de la profundidad del tubo endotraqueal, confirma la posición de la aguja en el eje de la tráquea y la adecuada inserción del cable guía y dilatador. Entre sus desventajas destacan que, el sitio de punción está sujeto a sesgo y no puede guiar con precisión la aguja en la penetración de la tráquea. La traqueotomía percutánea guiada por ultrasonido es una alternativa validada en unidades, donde no se cuente con broncoscopia. Es un método rápido, seguro, que permite la identificación de estructuras anatómicas, vasculatura cervical, permite identificar el sitio de la punción y guía la inserción de la aguja en la tráquea. Esta técnica presenta altas tasas de éxito al primer intento, reduciendo significativamente el número de punciones.
Percutaneous dilation tracheostomy is a procedure performed in critical patient units. It involves blunt dissection of the pretracheal tissues followed by dilation of the trachea over the guidewire and insertion of the tracheal cannula using the Seldinger technique. In recent decades, evidence suggests that in the hands of trained physicians it is at least as safe as surgical tracheostomy, with a similar incidence of complications. The proper selection of patients and the use of complementary safety tools such as bronchoscope or ultrasound reduce failure rates and complications. Being absolute contraindications for PDT abnormal anatomy, malignant tumor at the tracheostomy site, coagulopathies, or difficult to treat airway. Bronchoscopy guidance allows evaluation of the depth of the endotracheal tube, confirms the position of the needle in the axis of the trachea and the proper insertion of the guide wire and dilator. Among its disadvantages are that the puncture site is subject to slant and cannot accurately guide the needle into the trachea. In addition, it requires Critical Patient Units with bronchoscope and trained personnel. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous tracheotomy is a validated alternative in units where bronchoscopy is not available. It is a fast, safe method that allows the identification of anatomical structures, cervical vasculature, identifies the puncture site and guides the insertion of the needle into the trachea. With high first-attempt success rates, significantly reducing the number of punctures.
Subject(s)
Humans , Tracheotomy/methods , Dilatation/methods , Trachea/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color/methodsABSTRACT
Resumen: La traqueostomía percutánea es un procedimiento generalmente seguro, aunque no exento de complicaciones, se considera el procedimiento de elección en el paciente crítico con ventilación mecánica prolongada. Se presenta el caso de una mujer con síndrome de insuficiencia respiratoria aguda secundario a neumonía COVID-19 que requirió traqueostomía percutánea por ventilación prolongada. La paciente desarrolló complicaciones que requirieron intervención quirúrgica.
Abstract: Percutaneous tracheostomy is a generally safe procedure, although not without risk of complications, it is considered the procedure of choice in critically ill patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation. We present the case of a woman with acute respiratory failure syndrome secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia who required percutaneous tracheostomy due to prolonged ventilation. The patient developed significant complications that required surgical intervention.
Resumo: A traqueostomia percutânea é um procedimento geralmente seguro, sem ser isenta de complicações, é o procedimento de escolha em pacientes críticos com ventilação mecânica prolongada. Apresentamos o caso de uma mulher com síndrome de insuficiência respiratória aguda por pneumonia por COVID-19 que necessitou de traqueostomia percutânea devido à ventilação prolongada, evoluindo com complicações, resolvidas com intervenção cirúrgica. A adequação dos métodos guiados por ultrassom para evitar a emissão e exposição a aerossóis é analisada.
ABSTRACT
Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is one of the most frequent causes of admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), when such support is prolonged and its removal is not possible, tracheostomy emerges as the only alternative. We seek to identify and describe the clinical outcomes of patients in IMV undergoing a percutaneous tracheostomy technique. We present a descriptive cross-sectional study based on a cohort of adult patients with IMV admitted to the ICU between January 1, 2017 and June 30, 2019, performing the percutaneous tracheostomy technique at the patient's bedside. Demographic, intervention, and outcome variables were collected. We found 46 patients, with an average age of 52.6 years (DE), 69.57% corresponded to male sex. The most frequent indication was the presence of neurological disorders, and the average number of days until its completion was 10.36%. 36.96% were performed by the intensivists and the remaining 63.04% by general surgeons, their percentage of complications was diferent, compared to 7.4% worldwide. The most frequent complication was the pneumothorax 6.5%. We did not have mortality or infections. Percutaneous tracheostomy is a safe, fast and efficient alternative achievable in the patient's bedside by the trained anesthesiologist.
La ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI) es una de las causas más frecuentes de ingreso en la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo (UCI), cuando dicho soporte se prolonga y no es posible su retiro surge la traqueostomía como única alternativa. Buscamos identificar y describir los desenlaces clínicos de pacientes en VMI sometidos a una técnica de traqueostomía percutánea. Presentamos un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal basado en una cohorte de pacientes adultos con VMI ingresados en la UCI entre el 1 de enero de 2017 y 30 de junio de 2019, realizándoles la técnica percutánea de traqueostomía en la cabecera del paciente. Se recolectaron variables demográficas, de intervención y desenlace. Encontramos 46 pacientes, con una media de edad de 52,6 años (DE), el 69,57% correspondía a sexo masculino. La indicación más frecuente fue la presencia de trastornos neurológicos, y la media de días hasta su realización fue de 10,36. El 36,96% fueron realizadas por los intensivistas y el 63,04% restante por cirujanos generales, su porcentaje de complicaciones fue diferente, frente a 7,4% a nivel mundial. La complicación más frecuente fue el neumotórax 6,5%. No tuvimos mortalidad ni infecciones. La traqueostomía percutánea es una alternativa segura, rápida y eficiente realizable en la cabecera del paciente por el anestesiólogo entrenado.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Tracheostomy/methods , Postoperative Complications , Tracheostomy/adverse effects , Ventilator Weaning , Cross-Sectional Studies , Intensive Care UnitsABSTRACT
Percutaneous tracheostomy (PCT) is considered the most widely accepted technique in critical care setting specifically in patients requiring prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation. Although PCT is considered a safe procedure it can lead to certain life threatening complications one of which is massive subcutaneous emphysema. We report a post operative case of coronary artery bypass graft surgery requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation due to repeated aspiration leading to pneumonia. Bedside PCT was done leading to immediate massive diffuse facial and orbital emphysema. We discuss here the recognition and management of such complications.
ABSTRACT
Objective To introduce the experience of applying horns percutaneous tracheostomy in critically ill neurosurgical patients. Methods The size of operative incision, operation time, amount of blood loss, incision healing time , and incidence of complications were analyzed retrospectively in 95 patients with GWCH and 83 with ST. Results There were smaller size of operation incision [(1.6 ± 0.4) cm vs. (3.8 ± 0.9) cm], shorter operation time [(4.4 ± 2.8) min vs. (20.5 ± 5.2) min], less blood loss [(4.5 ± 0.8) mL vs. (8.5 ± 4.5) mL] and shorter incision healing time [(3 ± 0.5) d vs. (5 ± 1.5) d] in GWCH group than that in ST group and the difference was statistical significant (P 0.05). Conclusions When compared with traditional ST, horns percutaneous tracheostomy is with smaller incisions , shorter operation time , less blood loss , faster healing and lower incision sputum leaking and is worthy of popularization in critically ill neurosurgical patients.
ABSTRACT
Aims: To determine if percutaneous tracheostomy is safe in critically ill patients treated with anticoagulant therapies. Settings and Design: Single‑center retrospective study including all the patients who underwent percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) placement over a 1-year period in a 14‑bed, cardiothoracic and vascular Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Materials and Methods: Patients demographics and characteristics, anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapies, coagulation profile, performed technique and use of bronchoscopic guidance were retrieved. Results: Thirty‑six patients (2.7% of the overall ICU population) underwent PDT over the study period. Twenty‑six (72%) patients were on anticoagulation therapy, 1 patient was on antiplatelet therapy and 2 further patients received prophylactic doses of low molecular weight heparin. Only 4 patients had normal coagulation profile and were not receiving anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapies. Overall, bleeding of any severity complicated 19% of PDT. No procedure‑related deaths occurred. Conclusions: PDT was proved to be safe even in critically ill‑patients treated with anticoagulant therapies. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anticoagulants , Female , Humans , Intensive Care Units , Middle Aged , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors , Tracheostomy/methodsABSTRACT
Background: The scope of percutaneous tracheostomy (PCT) is increasing with experience with successful conduct in conditions traditionally described as contra indications such as difficult anatomy, bleeding diathesis and high ventilatory requirement. The objectives of this study were to assess the safety of PCT in patients with obesity, short neck, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, high FiO2 and PEEP requirement. We also aimed to determine complication rate and average time required. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the surgical intensive care unit at a tertiary care centre. Seventy five patients who underwent PCT by Griggs technique, with ultrasonographic and bronchoscopic guidance during a period of one year from January to December 2014 were included. Age, sex, height, weight, BMI, platelet count, INR, crico sternal distance and duration of procedure were noted. We analyzed all high risk factors and peri procedural complications. Results: Obesity was present in 5 (6.66%), short neck in 6 (8%), coagulopathy in 25 (33.33%), thrombocytopenia in 22 (29.33%), high FiO2 requirement in 28 (37.33%) and high PEEP requirement in 30 (40%) patients. Minor complications were present in 11 patients (14.66%). No life threatening complications were noted. One patient required conversion into open tracheostomy. The average time taken for PCT was 4.87 ± 1.1 min. Conclusion: PCT can be safely performed in patients with obesity, short neck, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy and high ventilatory requirement with minimal complication rate, aided by tools like ultrasonography and fiberoptic bronchoscope.
ABSTRACT
Objective To describe an improved percutaneous tracheostomy combined with conventional tracheostomy technique with result of less trauma and fewer complications, and to explore its application in the patients for whom conventional tracheostomy is difficult to perform.Methods A prospective study was conducted.Fifty-seven hospitalized patients, in whom ordinal tracheostomy was difficult to perform, and admitted to Department of Critical Care Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from January 2013 to December 2014 were enrolled.According to the random digital table method, the patients were divided into small incision combined with percutaneous tracheostomy group (small puncture incision group, n =25) and conventional tracheostomy group (n =32).Amount of blood loss, postoperative bleeding, incision size, operation time and wound healing time were compared between the groups.Results Compared with traditional surgical tracheostomy group, the blood loss and postoperative bleeding were decreased [blood loss (mL): 11.36 ± 4.25 vs.23.72 ± 7.29, t =-7.201, P =0.000;postoperative bleeding (mL):11.60 ± 6.57 vs.26.77 ± 10.77, t =-5.834, P =0.000], incision size was smaller (cm: 2.20 ±0.63 vs.4.06 ± 1.19,t =-6.806, P =0.000), and operation time and wound healing time were shortened [operative time (minutes): 18.16 ±3.61 vs.29.09±6.77, t =-7.001, P =0.000;incision healing time (days): 4.96± 1.59 vs.7.19±2.35, t =-3.975,P =0.000] in small puncture incision group.Conclusion Compared with the traditional method, small incision puncture tracheostomy is less time consuming, with fewer traumas, and fewer intraoperative and postoperative complications.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Tracheostomy is one of the oldest surgical procedures to access the airway. The majority of cases who require tracheostomy are in ICUs. The ICUs are monitored by intensivists who are mostly Anesthesiologists or Physicians (non-surgical personnel). While doing surgical tracheostomy, there is dependency on other departments like surgeons of ENT department. In most cases, critically ill patients are made to shift to operating room, where we may have to wait for the availability of operating table. Method: This clinical study was carried out to access the airway when required by nonsurgical doctors like anesthesiologists or physicians at bed side and to save cost and operation theatre time. Result: Sixteen male & twelve female patients with an average age of 28 Years (range, 19 to 40Years) underwent PCT from Oct. 2008 to Oct.2011. Fourteen patients were of snake bite, 10 were of organo-phosphorus poisoning & 4 were of G.B. Syndrome. Conclusion: Percutaneous tracheostomy has replaced the surgical route in several intensive care units and it is indeed the procedure of choice in the majority of cases. [Rajan N NJIRM 2014; 5(1):6-9] Key Words: Percutaneous Tracheostomy (PCT), Surgical Tracheostomy (ST), Medical intensive care unit (MICU), critically ill, complications, tracheal injury, bleeding.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore safety evaluation of the approaches of the percutaneous eilational tracheostomy(PDT)ane traeitional tracheotomy in the treatment of neurological patients. Methods The stuey eesign was a multicenter,prospective,raneomizee clinical trial. One huneree ane seventy-six cases with acute nerve trachea incision from Feb. 2010 to Feb. 2013 of 3 hospitals were selectee as our subject. They were raneomly eivieee into the traeitional group ane PDT group. The information inclueing operation time,the incieence of pneumothorax,subcutaneous emphysema,tracheal fistula,esophageal,trachea ane lung injury from complications such as infection were recoreee. Results The complication rate in traeitional group was 19. 51%(16 / 82),higher than that of PDT group(8. 51%(8 / 94),P = 0. 021). The surgery perioe in PDT group was(7. 5 ± 2. 3)min,shortee than that in traeitional group((41. 6 ± 5. 8)min,P = 0. 000). Conclusion The approach of percutaneous tracheostomy can quickly buile airway of neurological patients with character of simple, safe,ane it also can reeuce the incieence of respiratory complications.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effect of the transcutaneous tracheostomy tube in patients with pneumothorax and its clinical value. Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. Thirty-two patients with pneumothorax admitted to Department of Critical Care Medicine of Harrison International Peace Hospital of Hebei Medical University from June 2010 to June 2014 were enrolled. The patients were divided into control group and observation group,with 16 cases in each group. Beside the treatment for primary disease,the patients in control group received thoracic close drainage with traditional silica gel tube as performed by thoracic surgeons,and those in observation group received thoracic close drainage with transcutaneous tracheostomy tube by intensive care doctors. The curative effect and complications of the two groups were observed. Results Compared with control group,the time from diagnosis to operation(minutes:8.00±1.36 vs. 23.06±3.83,t=14.790,P=0.000)and the operation time were significantly shortened(days:5.37±1.02 vs. 7.31±1.70,t=7.286,P=0.000),the frequency of drainage tube replacement(times:0.18±0.40 vs. 3.87±1.14,t=12.128,P=0.000)and the times of repeated chest radiography(times:1.12±0.34 vs. 2.93±0.77,t=8.589,P=0.000)in observation group were significantly reduced,the length of hospital day was significantly shortened(days:8.30±1.37 vs. 24.56±5.62,t=17.289, P=0.000),the rates of dislocation of drainage tube(0 vs. 3 cases),obstruction of the tube(0 vs. 5 cases),and subcutaneous emphysema(3 vs. 16 cases)were reduced obviously,but there was no difference in incidence of incision infection(1 vs. 3 cases)and infection of thoracic cavity(0 vs. 2 cases). Conclusions The usage of transcutaneous tracheostomy tube in patients with pneumothorax is safe and simple. Doctors in ICU can independently do this procedure,and its effect is positive.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Surgical tracheostomy(ST) is usually performed by surgeons in operating room. For a patient with mechanical ventilation, however, transportation to operating room for ST could be dangerous for patients. In addition, ST is often delayed due to unavailability of operating room or surgeon. Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT), although novel in Korea, is gaining popularity as a bedside procedure in the hospitals of western countries. We evaluated the technical ease and safety of PDT in comparison with ST. METHOD: Thirty-eight patients in medical intensive care unit (ICU) who were either under mechanical ventilation for more than 7 days or required airway protection, were randomly assigned to ST(18 patients) or PDT(20 patients). Between two groups, there was no significant clinical difference except that female to male ratio was higher in the ST group. ST was performed by second year residents of the department of otolaryngology while PDT was performed by third grade medical resident and pulmonologist under bronchoscopic guide using Ciaglia Percutaneous Tracheostomy Set (Cook Critical Care, Bloomington, USA) in medical ICU. The following factors were compared between two groups : number of delayed cases after the decision for tracheostomy, procedural time, complications related to tracheostomy. RESULTS: Delayed cases were 11 in ST group and 3 in PDT group (P0.05). CONCLUSION: Since percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy was easy to practice and its complications wert not different from surgical tracheostomy, PDT can be a useful bedside procedure for mechanically ventilated patients.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Critical Care , Hemorrhage , Intensive Care Units , Korea , Operating Rooms , Otolaryngology , Respiration, Artificial , Subcutaneous Emphysema , Tracheostomy , TransportationABSTRACT
A prospective study was undertaken to compare, in intensive care patients, the safety and utility of a percutaneous tracheostomy teehnique with a surgieal tracheostomy technique. Between March of 1992 and June of 1993 we randomly selected 40 patients of the many who were in need of a tracheostomy. After dividing those patients into 2 groups, we per- formed the procedures. Twenty patients received a standard surgicsl traeheostomy, the other twenty received a percutaneous tracheostomy. We found complications occurring in 6 patients who received the standard surgical tracheostomy while only 1 patient suffered complications from the group having the percutaneous tracheostomy. The most common complications being subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, pnemonia, and hemorrhage. Post-decannulation scar was 3.286+/-1.204mm in percutaneous group, 20.36+/-7.26mm in standard group. In comparison to standard surgical tracheoatomy, percutaneous tracheostomies were rapidly and easily performed and asaociated with significantly fewer complication and small post-decannulation scars.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cicatrix , Hemorrhage , Critical Care , Pneumothorax , Prospective Studies , Subcutaneous Emphysema , TracheostomyABSTRACT
A prospective study was undertaken to compare, in intensive care patients, the safety and utility of a percutaneous tracheostomy teehnique with a surgieal tracheostomy technique. Between March of 1992 and June of 1993 we randomly selected 40 patients of the many who were in need of a tracheostomy. After dividing those patients into 2 groups, we per- formed the procedures. Twenty patients received a standard surgicsl traeheostomy, the other twenty received a percutaneous tracheostomy. We found complications occurring in 6 patients who received the standard surgical tracheostomy while only 1 patient suffered complications from the group having the percutaneous tracheostomy. The most common complications being subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, pnemonia, and hemorrhage. Post-decannulation scar was 3.286+/-1.204mm in percutaneous group, 20.36+/-7.26mm in standard group. In comparison to standard surgical tracheoatomy, percutaneous tracheostomies were rapidly and easily performed and asaociated with significantly fewer complication and small post-decannulation scars.