Crioablación percutánea de tumores renales cT1 como alternativa al tratamiento quirúrgico / Percutaneous cryoablation of cT1 kidney tumors as alternative to surgical treatment

Resumen El cáncer renal representa el 3 al 4% de todas las lesiones malignas y su detección incidental es cada vez más frecuente. Para los tumores renales cT1a la cirugía es el tratamiento de elección. No todos los pacientes son candidatos a este tipo de tratamiento por elevado riesgo quirúrgico debido a comorbi lidades asociadas o antecedentes de cirugía en dicho órgano. Las guías de la Asociación Americana de Urología recomiendan la termoablación como alternativa a la cirugía en tumores menores a 3 cm. La experiencia con crioablación percutánea en tumores renales es escasa en Latinoamérica y hay pocas publicaciones al respecto en esta región. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la efectividad y seguridad de la crioablación percutánea en una cohorte de pacientes adultos con cáncer renal cT1 (menores a 5 cm) como alternativa al tratamiento quirúrgico. Los procedimientos fueron realizados con guía de tomografía computarizada o con un angiógrafo, en condiciones estériles y bajo anestesia general. Los pacientes fueron tratados en condiciones ambulatorias. El seguimiento se realizó con estudios por imágenes, análisis de laboratorio y consulta clínica. Todos tuvieron una respuesta completa constatada por imágenes en los controles evolutivos. El 61% no tuvo complicaciones y en el resto se observaron complicaciones grado 1 como hematuria, retención urinaria y hematoma perirrenal. Se concluyó que la crioablación percutánea es segura y efectiva como alternativa a la cirugía en pacientes con tumores renales.

Abstract Renal cancer represents 3-4% of all malignancies. Its incidental detection is becoming more frequent. Surgery is the gold standard treatment for T1 renal cancer. Still, surgery is not suitable for every patient due to comorbidities or previous kidney surgery. Guidelines provided by The American Urological Association recommend thermoablation therapies as an alternative to surgery in tumors under 3 cm. Experience regarding percutaneous cryoablation in renal tumors is scarce in Latin America and there are only a handful of publications in this region regarding this subject. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and security of percutaneous cryoablation in a cohort of adult patients with cT1 renal cancer (smaller than 5 cm) as an alternative to surgery. The procedures were performed with CT or Cone Beam CT guidance and under general anesthesia in sterile conditions. Cryoablation was carried out on an outpatient basis. Follow up was done with imaging studies, blood test and clinical consultation. All patients had complete response in imaging studies. There were no complications in 61% of all of them, the remaining patients suffered grade-1 complications such as hematuria, urinary reten tion and perirenal hematoma. In conclusion, percutaneous cryoablation for renal tumors is a safe and effective alternative to surgery.

Manejo quirúrgico de la hidatidosis hepática en esta última década: ¿qué hemos aprendido? / Surgical management of liver hydatidosis in the last decade: what have we learned?

Resumen El manejo clínico de la hidatidosis hepática es complejo y se basa fundamentalmente en tres pilares: quirúrgico, percutáneo y farmacológico; los cuales en ocasiones pueden ser complementarios. La terapia debe definirse en función de las características, ubicación y tipo de quiste; a lo cual debe sumarse la experiencia del equipo médico, recursos disponibles y la adherencia de los pacientes al monitoreo a largo plazo. La cirugía es el tratamiento más utilizado, las técnicas percutáneas posiblemente puedan reemplazar a la cirugía en casos específicos. Sin embargo, a pesar de los avances en las técnicas quirúrgicas, en el uso de la quimioterapia y otros tratamientos, el manejo de hidatidosis hepática sigue siendo un problema importante, debido principalmente a la falta de consenso sobre qué procedimiento a utilizar es mejor. El objetivo de esta presentación es dar a conocer el amplio abanico de terapias existentes en el actual manejo de la hidatidosis hepática, así como indicar algunas sugerencias en la utilización de cada una de ellas.

The clinical management of hepatic hydatidosis is complex and is fundamentally based on three pillars: surgical, percutaneous and pharmacological; which can sometimes be complementary. Therapy should be defined based on the characteristics, location and type of cyst; to which must be added the experience of the medical team, available resources and the adherence of patients to long-term monitoring. Surgery is the most used treatment, percutaneous techniques can possibly replace surgery in specific cases. However, despite advances in surgical techniques, in the use of chemotherapy and other treatments, the management of liver hydatidosis continues to be a major problem; mainly due to the lack of consensus on which procedure to use is better. The objective of this presentation is to present the wide range of existing therapies in the current management of hepatic hydatidosis and some suggestions in the use of each one of them.

Percutaneous Treatment of Meckel Cave Arachnoid Cyst: Case Report, Surgical Strategy and Literature Review

Arachnoid cysts are benign intracranial lesions. They are usually located in the middle fossa, but can be found in other locations. We present a case of symptomatic Meckel cave (MC) arachnoid cyst - a very rare location - and a treatment strategy not elsewhere described before for this condition. A 54-year-old female with trigeminal neuralgia with previous history of radiofrequency rhizotomy treatment 6 years before admission had been experiencing pain recurrence with progression, which required successive increases in carbamazepine dosage. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed dilatation of the right MC with extension to the petrous apex. The lesion was compatible with arachnoid cyst, and due to the worsening of the clinical condition, surgical treatment was chosen. Percutaneous puncture of the cyst through the foramen ovale with injection of intracystic fibrin sealant was performed. The patient woke up from anesthesia with pain improvement and was discharged asymptomatic the next day. After 12 months of follow-up, she remained pain-free. In the literature review, we found only eight cases reported as MC arachnoid cyst. These are likely to progress and become symptomatic owing to their communication with the subarachnoid space and a unidirectional valve mechanism. Pain improvement with this technique is probably secondary to the interruption of these mechanisms.

Effects of percutaneous varicocele repair on testicular volume: Results from a 12-month follow-up / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Varicocele is a common finding in men. Varicocele correction has been advocated for young patients with testicular hypotrophy, but there is a lack of morphofunctional follow-up data. We assessed whether percutaneous treatment of left varicocele is associated with testicular 'catch-up growth' in the following 12 months by retrospectively reviewing data from an electronic database of 10 656 patients followed up in our clinic between 2006 and 2016. We selected all young adults (<35 years) with left varicocele who underwent percutaneous treatment, had a minimum of 12 months' ultrasound imaging follow-up, and had no other conditions affecting testicular volume. One hundred and fourteen men (mean±standard deviation [s.d.] of age: 22.8 ± 5.4 years) met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Left testicular hypotrophy (LTH), defined as a ≥20% difference between left and right testicular volume at baseline, was observed in 26 (22.8%) men. Participants with LTH (mean±s.d.: 14.5 ± 2.7 ml) had lower baseline testicular volume compared to those without LTH (mean±s.d.: 15.7 ± 3.8 ml; P = 0.032). Repeated measures mixed models showed a significant interaction between LTH and time posttreatment when correcting for baseline left testicular volume (β = 0.114, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.018-0.210, P = 0.020), resulting in a catch-up growth of up to 1.37 ml per year (95% CI: 0.221-2.516). Age at intervention was also associated with reduced testicular volume (-0.072 ml per year, 95% CI: -0.135 - 0.009; P = 0.024). Percutaneous treatment of left varicocele in young adults with LTH can result in catch-up growth over 1 year of follow-up. The reproductive and psychological implications of these findings need to be confirmed in longer and larger prospective studies.

Effects of percutaneous varicocele repair on testicular volume: results from a 12-month follow-up / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Varicocele is a common finding in men. Varicocele correction has been advocated for young patients with testicular hypotrophy, but there is a lack of morphofunctional follow-up data. We assessed whether percutaneous treatment of left varicocele is associated with testicular "catch-up growth" in the following 12 months by retrospectively reviewing data from an electronic database of 10 656 patients followed up in our clinic between 2006 and 2016. We selected all young adults (<35 years) with left varicocele who underwent percutaneous treatment, had a minimum of 12 months' ultrasound imaging follow-up, and had no other conditions affecting testicular volume. One hundred and fourteen men (mean±standard deviation [s.d.] of age: 22.8 ± 5.4 years) met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Left testicular hypotrophy (LTH), defined as a ≥20% difference between left and right testicular volume at baseline, was observed in 26 (22.8%) men. Participants with LTH (mean±s.d.: 14.5 ± 2.7 ml) had lower baseline testicular volume compared to those without LTH (mean±s.d.: 15.7 ± 3.8 ml; P = 0.032). Repeated measures mixed models showed a significant interaction between LTH and time posttreatment when correcting for baseline left testicular volume (β = 0.114, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.018-0.210, P = 0.020), resulting in a catch-up growth of up to 1.37 ml per year (95% CI: 0.221-2.516). Age at intervention was also associated with reduced testicular volume (-0.072 ml per year, 95% CI: -0.135--0.009; P = 0.024). Percutaneous treatment of left varicocele in young adults with LTH can result in catch-up growth over 1 year of follow-up. The reproductive and psychological implications of these findings need to be confirmed in longer and larger prospective studies.

Manejo percutáneo y endoscópico combinado de las estenosis benignas de la vía biliar / Combined endoscopic and percutaneous management of benign biliary strictures

Antecedentes: las estenosis benignas de la vía biliar (EBVB) tradicionalmente han sido tratadas con derivaciones biliodigestivas. En la actualidad existe una clara tendencia para resolverlas en forma mínimamente invasiva (endoscópica o percutánea o de ambos modos). Objetivo: describir el manejo y los resultados del tratamiento percutáneo y/o endoscópico de las estenosis biliares benignas. Material y métodos: período del estudio: enero de 2009 a junio de 2015. Etología de las EBVB: 8 lesiones quirúrgicas de la vía biliar (LQVB), 5 trasplantes hepáticos (TH), 5 hidatidosis hepáticas (HH), 2 quistes de colédoco (QC). Se realizaron 4 procedimientos promedio por paciente (r. 1-11). Se colocaron 3 stentis (endoprótesis) promedio por paciente (r. 1-5). Seguimiento promedio: 21 meses con una mediana de 13 meses. Resultados: mortalidad relacionada con los procedimientos: 0%. Morbilidad relacionada con los procedimientos: 35% (bacteriemia, colangitis, hemorragia digestiva, síndrome febril, hemoperitoneo leve, sepsis). Diecinueve pacientes (95%) evolucionaron con control satisfactorio de la estenosis; un paciente (5%) presentó recidiva de la estenosis y debió ser tratado nuevamente. Conclusiones: el tratamiento mininvasivo puede lograr resultados satisfactorios en un alto porcentaje de pacientes con estenosis benignas de la vía biliar.

Background: although benign strictures of the bile duct (BSBD) have traditonally been treated by constructon of a surgical biliodigestive anastomosis at present, there is a clear tendency to resolve them in a minimally invasive way (endoscopic or percutaneous or both). Objective: to describe the management and Results of percutaneous and / or endoscopic treatment of BSBD. Materials and methods: study period: January 2009 to June 2015. Etology of BSBD, 8 surgical injury to the bile duct (BDI), 5 liver transplantis (LT), 5 liver hydatidosis (LH), 2 choledochal cystis (CC). As an average, 4 procedures per patent were done (range, 1-11); and 3 stentis were placed (range, 1-5). Average and median follow up were 21 months, and 13 months, respectively. Results: mortality related to the procedure was 0%. Morbidity was 35% (bacteremia, cholangitis, gas-trointestinal bleeding, febrile syndrome, mild hemoperitoneum, and sepsis). 19 patentis (95%) had satisfactory outicome; one patentis (5%) developed a re-stricture that required a new procedure. Conclusions: mininmally invasive treatment can achieve satisfactory Results in a high percentage of patentis with benign stricture of the bile duct.

O tratamento da hipertensão renovascular frente aos resultados dos novos estudo / Treatment of renovascular hypertension in light of the results of new studies

O presente artigo revisa o importante papel na escolha da melhor opção de tratamento da hipertensão arterial de etiologia renovascular. Infelizmente a luz das últimas e mais atuais evidências científicas não houve diferença significativa entre as duas modalidades terapêuticas mais utilizadas, tratamento medicamentoso versus tratamento intervencionista percutâneo, na redução da morbidade e mortalidade cardiovascular do paciente com hipertensão arterial e estenose de artéria renal. Sabe-se, porém, que a doença renovascular quando presente em pacientes com perda progressiva da função renal, naqueles com edema agudo de pulmão de repetição, nos pacientes com doença arterial coronária ou disfunção ventricular esquerda onde um melhor controle da pressão arterial é necessário e o mesmo não é alcançado apesar do adequado tratamento medicamentoso, a intervenção percutânea se impõe. É certo que, independente da opção terapêutica utilizada, é necessário que todas as comorbidades presentes sejam corrigidas para que melhores resultados finais sejam alcançados. A investigação precoce baseada em critérios clínicos de probabilidade somada ao auxílio de exames complementares permitirão maiores chances de acerto diagnóstico, cuja certeza só existirá após a realização da intervenção escolhida. Infelizmente a certeza que hoje temos em relação à opção diagnóstica mais adequada não existe quanto aos resultados tardios, exceto nas condições já exposta.

This article reviews the important role of the choice of best treatment option for arterial hypertension of renovascular etiology. Unfortunately, according to the latest and most upto-date scientific evidence, there is no significant difference between the two most commonly used modes of therapy: drug treatment vs. percutaneous interventionist treatment,in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with arterial hypertension and stenosis of the renal artery. However, it is known that in renovascular disease, when present in patients with progressive loss of renal function, in those with acute repetition edema of the lung, and in those with coronary arterial disease or left ventricular dysfunction, where better control of blood pressure is necessary but is not achieved despite adequate drug treatment, percutaneous intervention is necessary. Undoubtedly, regardless of the therapeutic option used, it is necessary for all the comorbidities present to be corrected, in order to improve the final results. Early investigation based on clinical criteria of probability, with the aid of complementary exams, will result in higher chances of obtaining the correct diagnosis, which will only be certain after the chosen intervention has been carried out. Unfortunately, the certainty that we have today as to the most appropriate diagnostic options is not borne out in the most recent results, except in the conditions mentioned above.

Hepatic cystic echinococcosis: percutaneous treatment as an outpatient procedure

OBJECTIVE@#To demonstrate utility and safety of the puncture aspiration injection and reaspiration (PAIR) technique for outpatients.@*METHODS@#Percutaneous treatment with US guidance was applied to 33 patients for 44 cysts. Patients treated with the PAIR technique, were outpatients. PAIR and catheterization technique were evaluated for efficacy and safety of procedure and complication rates.@*RESULTS@#Thirty-five of 44 cysts were treated with the PAIR and 9 of 44 were treated with the catheterization technique. The success rate of the cysts Gharbi type 1 (CE1) and type 2 (CE3a) treated with the PAIR technique was 100%. In the follow up of 9 cysts treated with the catheterization technique, 2 of them (22%) developed cyst infection and 1 (11%) developed a biliary fistula.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The PAIR technique was found to be an effective and safe approach in order to treat Gharbi type 1 and type 2 cysts percutaneously for outpatients. It has a very low complication rate in comparison with the catheterization technique. So every effort should be made to finish the treatment with PAIR technique.

Tratamiento mediante dilatación con balón de un paciente con estenosis subaórtica por membrana: a propósito de un caso / Percutaneous balloon dilatation in a patient with membrane subaortic stenosis: a propos of a case

La estenosis subaórtica es una lesión cardiaca poco frecuente, en el cual el tracto de salida del ventrículo izquierdo está estrechado por la presencia de un anillo fibroso o fibromuscular. Constituye 8 a 20% de todas las formas de obstrucción al tracto de salida del ventrículo izquierdo. La cirugía ha sido considerada el tratamiento de elección cuando el gradiente pico es mayor de 50 mmHg o en pacientes que, con gradientes menores, presentan progresión de la insuficiencia aórtica o dilatación de los diámetros ventriculares, disfunción ventricular o síntomas. Presentamos el caso de un paciente menor de edad, portador de estenosis subaórtica por membrana, con síntomas de insuficiencia cardiaca y función ventricular izquierda muy comprometida, en la que se realizó el tratamiento percutáneo, alternativo al quirúrgico, con resultado exitoso. Constituye el primer caso reportado en el país de tratamiento percutáneo con balón y con evolución favorable.

Discrete subaortic stenosis is a rare cardiac lesion with left ventricle outflow narrowed by the presence of a muscular or fibrous ring. It accounts for 8-20% of all forms of left ventricle outflow tract obstruction. Surgery is considered the treatment of choice when the peak gradient is over 50 mmHg or in patients with lower gradients and either progression of aortic regurgitation, dilated ventricular diameters, left ventricular dysfunction or symptoms. We report the case of a child with membrane subaortic stenosis and symptoms of heart failure and compromised left ventricular function, in whom percutaneous balloon dilatation was performed as an alternative to surgery. This is the first case reported in the country with successful outcome.

Tratamiento percutáneo de cardiopatías congénitas en el síndrome de Rubinstein-Taybi / Percutaneous Treatment of Congenital Heart Defects in the Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome

El síndrome de Rubinstein-Taybi es producido por una anomalía genética y se caracteriza por una facies típica, anomalías de manos y pies, microcefalia y retraso mental. Alrededor del 30% de los individuos afectados tienen defectos cardíacos congénitos asociados. En esta presentación se describen los casos de dos pacientes con diagnóstico de síndrome de Rubinstein-Taybi asociado con alteraciones cardíacas congénitas. Uno de ellos, de 25 años, presentaba coartación de la aorta nativa, localizada en la región yuxtaductal, y el otro, de 11 meses de edad, mostraba un conducto arterioso permeable de tamaño grande. Ambos pacientes recibieron tratamiento intervencionista percutáneo exitoso, con evolución alejada satisfactoria.

The Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome is a genetic disorder charac-terized by distinctive facial features, anomalies in hands and feet, microcephaly and mental disability. Approximately 30% of subjects affected with this syndrome have associated congenital cardiac defects. This presentation describes two cases of Rubistein-Taybi syndrome with congenital cardiac disorder: a 25-year old patient with native juxtaductal coarctation of the aorta and an 11-month old infant, with large patent ductus arteriosus. Both patients underwent successful percutaneous intervention, with satisfactory long-term outcome.

Cierre percutáneo de foramen oval permeable con dispositivo de Amplatzer: Presentación de dos casos / Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale with Amplatzer device: Report of two cases

Propósito: Se presentan los 2 casos de foramen oval permeable tratados con dispositivo de Amplatzer por vía percutánea. Método: El primero del sexo femenino de 48 años y con antecedentes de enfermedad de Ebstein moderada a severa y de 3 accidentes vasculares cerebrales, siendo el último bajo efecto anticoagulante, manejada con antiarrítmicos a pesar de lo cual presentó bloqueo auriculoventricular (a-v) de primer grado, aumento del automatismo supraventricular y ventricular de diferente foco y bloqueo de rama derecha. El segundo paciente masculino de 22 años con antecedente de un evento embólico cerebral a los 21 años con secuelas de crisis convulsivas. Ambos fueron tratados por vía percutánea para implante de dispositivo de Amplatzer, el primero para foramen oval permeable (FOP) y el segundo con dispositivo para comunicación interatrial por el diámetro del foramen. Los dos pacientes se encuentran asintomáticos. Conclusiones: El cierre de FOP por vía percutánea está indicado en pacientes con antecedentes de eventos cerebrales transitorios o permanentes y se sospeche esta vía como fuente embolígena. La técnica es fácil de realizar pero se requiere de un mayor número de pacientes para concluir.

Objective: We present two cases of Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) treated with percutaneous Amplatzer device. Method: The first case corresponds to 48 years old woman with Ebstein's disease with moderate to severe hemodynamic repercussion and three cerebrovascular accidents, the last one under coumarin treatment, she received antiarrhythmic medication and despite of it developed 1st degree AV block, supraventricular and ventricular ectopia, rigth branch block. The second case corresponds to a 22 years old man with antecedents of cerebrovascular accident at the age of 21 with sequelae of convulsive crisis. Both patients were percutaneously treated with Amplatzer devices. The first patient was treated with a foramen ovale device and second with septal occluder due to the diameter of the foramen. Both patients have remained asymptomatic during the follow-up period. Conclusions: The PFO devices are indicated for patients with a history of cerebrovascular accidents.

Percutaneous Treatment with Steroid Injections and Distension of Facet Synovial Cyst: A case report / 대한통증학회지

Facet joint synovial cysts are uncommon intraspinal abnormalities, which appear to be secondary to degenerative changes of the joints. They can cause chronic back pain and radiculopathy, as shown in spinal stenosis. When symptomatic cysts fail to respond to conservative measurements, surgical decompression is known as the standard treatment. Percutaneous steroid injections, and distension of the cysts under fluoroscopic guidance, may be a minimally invasive treatment option. Here, the case of a patient with a symptomatic L5-S1 facet joint synovial cyst and left S1 radiculopathy, who responded satisfactorily to percutaneous treatment, is presented.