Prevalencia de neoplasia en úlceras gástrica perforada en el Servicio de Cirugía General- Hospital Central IPS, 2015-2020 / Prevalence of neoplasm in perforated gastric ulcers in the General Surgery Department - IPS Central Hospital, 2015-2020

Introducción: La úlcera gástrica perforada es la complicación ulcerativa más frecuente después del sangrado y la más grave de todas. A medida que se desarrolla el proceso inflamatorio la lesión gástrica evoluciona pasando por los siguientes estadíos: gastritis superficial, gastritis atrófica crónica, metaplasia intestinal, displasia y finalmente cáncer. En este proceso de evolución natural de la enfermedad radica la importancia de realizar una biopsia durante el abordaje quirúrgico de la úlcera gástrica perforada. Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de neoplasia en úlceras gástrica perforada en el servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Central del Instituto de Previsión Social en el periodo 2015-2020. Materiales y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal con datos retrospectivos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 50 pacientes sometidos a cirugía por úlcera gástrica perforada. El promedio de edad fue 67,1 ±17,1 años, el 60% correspondían al sexo masculino; en el 94% se realizó reavivamiento de bordes y en el 6% antrectomía. Con respecto al diagnóstico anatomopatológico, en el 90% se confirmó proceso infamatorio, la prevalencia de neoplasia fue del 6% y en el total de los pacientes postoperados por úlcera gástrica perforada se constató un 46% de mortalidad. Conclusión: La prevalencia de neoplasia fue mínima en los pacientes sometidos a cirugía por úlcera gástrica perforada. Se identificó un alto porcentaje de mortalidad en los pacientes postoperados por úlcera gástrica perforada. El promedio de edad fue 67,1 años y predominó el sexo masculino. El procedimiento quirúrgico más frecuente fue el reavivamiento de bordes y el diagnóstico anatomopatológico más prevalente fue proceso inflamatorio.

Introduction: Perforated gastric ulcer is the most frequent ulcerative complication after bleeding and the most serious of all; as inflammation progresses, gastric lesion evolves, beginning with superficial gastritis, then chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and finally cancer; hence the importance of performing a biopsy in the surgical approach of perforated gastric ulcer. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of neoplasia in perforated gastric ulcers in the General Surgery service of the Hospital Central del Instituto de Previsión Social in the period 2015-2020. Materials and methods: An observational descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective data was carried out. Results: 50 patients who underwent surgery for perforated gastric ulcer were included. The average age was 67.1 ± 17.1 years, 60% were male; 94% underwent edge revival and 6% antrectomy. Regarding the anatomopathological diagnosis, 90% confirmed the inflammatory process, the prevalence of neoplasia was 6%, and in the total number of postoperative patients for perforated gastric ulcer, 46% mortality was confirmed. Conclusion: The average age was 67.1 years and the male sex predominated. The most frequent surgical procedure was edge revival and the most prevalent pathological diagnosis was inflammatory process. The prevalence of neoplasia was minimal in patients undergoing surgery for perforated gastric ulcer. A high percentage of mortality was identified in postoperative patients for perforated gastric ulcer.

Role of Peptic Ulcer Perforation (PULP) score to Predict the Outcome in Patients with Perforated Peptic Ulcer

Background: Peptic ulcer disease is a global burden of disease associated with potentially life-threatening complications, including bleeding, perforation and obstruction. Perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) is a frequent emergency condition worldwide with associated morbidity and mortality. Variations in the clinical presentation, as well as delay in diagnosis and work-up at admission to the hospital, may potentially cause a worsening of symptoms and a deterioration of the clinical condition, with a detrimental outcome. Therefore, accurate and early identification of high-risk surgical patients with perforated peptic ulcers (PPUs) is important for triage and risk stratification. Currently, the ASA score and the Boey score are the most frequently used prognostic scoring systems in patients with PPU. Yet, the ASA score is a general surgical risk score not intended for PPU patients in particular. Moreover, the external validation of the Boey score is uncertain. PULP score appears to have the greatest predictability of the outcome of perforated PUD. Aim of the study: The objective of the study was to evaluate the role of the PULP score in the prediction of outcomes in patients with a perforated ulcer.Material & Methods:It is an observational cross-sectional study, carried out in the Department of Surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. Ethical approval was obtained from the Dhaka Medical College ethical review board. Patients aged 18 to 60 years admitted to the emergency department with a clinical diagnosis of perforated peptic ulcer disease, confirmed by different investigation modalities, e.g, imaging, sonography, laboratory test, etc were enrolled in the study. The data regarding sociodemographic, clinical, biochemical, radiological and surgical profiles were recorded. The operation was done by upper midline incision under general anesthesia. A modified Graham’s patch technique was used to repair the duodenal ulcer. Postoperative follow up was conducted meticulously. Patient outcome was assessed during their hospital stay and then OPD follow-up or by telephone interviews up to 30 days after the intervention. All the information is recorded in the data collection sheet. All collected questionnaires were checked very carefully to identify the error in the data. Data processing work consisted of registration schedules, editing computerization, preparation of dummy tables, and analyzing and matching data. Data was processed and analysed with the help of the computer program SPSS and Microsoft excel. Quantitative data are expressed as mean and standard deviation and qualitative data as frequency and percentage. The comparison was done by tabulation and graphical presentation in the form of tables, pie charts, graphs, bar diagrams, histograms &charts etc.Results:Present study demonstrates that the maximum number of patients (43.0%) was between 51-60 years of age group, mean age of the patient was 49.35 ± 11.7 years. The male and female ratio was 3.54:1. Maximum (57%) patients came from urban, (36%) rural and (7%) urban non-slum areas. In this study, the most common signs were tachycardia (100%), abdominal tenderness (100%), abdominal rigidity (100%), absence of vowel sound (86.2%), and obliteration of liver dullness (78.7%), dehydration (67.5%). The time lapse between the onset of symptoms and admission to the hospital varied from 4 hours to 4 days. Most of the patients (76.0%) were admitted after 24 hours. In this study, PULP score was assessed according to the operational definition of optimal cut-off point 7, below this considered as low-risk patients. in this study 85% were 0-7 PULP scores and 15% were PULP scores 8-18. Patients’ condition after proper treatment, symptoms, degree of abnormalities or dependence on the daily physiological activity and the clinical outcome had evaluated and measured by follow up and close monitoring. The study shows that 69.0% of the patients recovered completely, but 24.0% of patients had developed complications. The mortality rate in this study was 7.0%. Finally, a correlation of the PULP score with mortality of perforated PUD was carried out. Among the 7 expired cases the, PULP score was correlated with 6 cases like high risk. In 93 cases of recovered, the PULP score was predicted in 84 cases as low risk. So the effectiveness of PULP has proven significant in the prediction of mortality in perforated PUD patients. The Sensitivity and Specificity of the Peptic Ulcer Perforation (PULP) score was 85.7% and 90.3% respectively. Similarly, the positive predictive value and accuracy rate for the same was 40.0% and 90.0% respectively.Conclusion: Patients with perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) often present with acute, severe illness that carries a high risk for morbidity and mortality. Several prognostic scoring systems have been suggested to identify high-risk surgical patients with perforated peptic ulcers accurately and early. The present study demonstrates that the PULP score can be used to predict 30-day mortality accurately in patients operated for PPU. The prognostic predictors included in the PULP score can be readily identified prior to surgery. The PULP score can assist in the accurate and early identification of high-risk patients with PPU.

A Retrospective Comparative Study Of Outcomes In Patients Of Perforated Peptic Ulcer Applied With Cellan-jones Repair Versus Graham's Patch

Perforated Peptic ulcer is a complication of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and is a surgical emergency with high morbidity and mortality. This study was undertaken to compare the outcome in patients treated with Cellan-Jones repair and Grahams patch for the perforation of peptic ulcer (PPU). It is a retrospective study done on 50 patients operated for perforated peptic ulcer in the District Hospital at Al Ameen Medical College Hospital Bijapur Karnataka from 2002 to 2005. Patients with acute and chronic peptic ulcer perforation selected for surgery, out of 50 patients 38 patients selected for Cellan-Jones repair and 12 patients selected for Graham's patch. Statistical analysis using Chi-square test was used to study the outcome in patients treated with two different surgical procedures for that particular age, sex, and occupation. Age related morbidity and mortality was also compared in the given study. A total of 50 patients with perforated peptic ulcer 38 patient treated with Cellan-Jones repair and 12 patients applied with Graham's patch. The overall mortality rate is 6% with p-value ˂0/05; 95% C.I . This study shows that the patients treated with Cellan-Jones repair and Graham's patch for the perforated peptic ulcer is having almost same result. This indicates that both the surgical methods have better survival outcome.

The Evaluation Of Pulp Score (PEPTIC Ulcer Perforation Score) As A Predictor Of Mortality Following Peptic Ulcer Perforation.

Introduction: Mortality and morbidity following perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) remains high, and mortality proportions of 25–30% have been reported in population–based studies.The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of PULP SCORE in predicting 30 day mortality. Patients and methods: A series of 52 patients were enrolled in the study.Patients who underwent surgical treatment for perforated peptic ulcer were allotted points according to the PULP scoring system and stratified into high and low risk groups. All the data was prospectively analyzed. Observations and results:46 patients were in low risk and 6 patients were in high risk category. 5 patients were deceased in high risk group but none in low risk group. The PULP SCORE had a sensitivity of 83.33% and specificity of 97.83% in predicting mortality. In the ROC curve the AUC was 91.8%. 4 variables out of 8 variables in the score were found to be most important in predicting mortality. They were : 1. Treatment delay >24 hrs, 2. Shock on admission, 3. High ASA score, 4. Age >65 years. Conclusion:The prognostic predictors included in the PULP score can be readily identified prior to surgery, easy to use and feasible in emergency. The PULP score can assist in accurate and early identification of high–risk patients, and thus assist in risk stratification and triage of patients.

Impact of adherence of pus moss on the efficacy of different surgical procedures for perforated peptic ulcers / 实用医学杂志

Objective To study the effects of intraperitoneal adherence of pus mosses on the efficacy of open repair(OR)and laparoscopic repair(LR)for perforated peptic ulcers(PPUs). Methods Intraperitonealad-herence of pus mosses was divided into the first,second and third stage,respectively. Surgical duration,volume of peritoneal drainage ,rate of abnormal wound healing ,number of intensive care unit transfer ,recovery time of bowel function ,ambulation time ,length of hospital stay ,and postoperative treatment abandonment rate were compared. Results There were 78 ,46 ,and 29 patients for the three stages in OR group ,and 71 ,39 ,and 15 patients in LR group,respectively. There were significant differences insurgical duration,volume of peritoneal drainage,rate of abnormalwound healing,number of ICU transfer,recovery time of bowel function,ambulation time,length of hospital stay about the first stage between the two surgical methods(P values were 0.000,0.000, 0.015,0.000,0.000,0.000,and 0.043 respectively)except for treatment abandonment rate(P value was 0.209). There were significant differences in volume of peritoneal drainage ,rate of abnormal wound healing ,number of ICU transfer,recovery time of bowel function,ambulation time,and length of hospital stay(P values were 0.000, 0.033,0.000,0.000,0.001,and 0.028 respectively)for the second stage except surgical duration and treatment abandonment rate(P values were 0.196 and 0.358 respectively) between the two procedures. The differences were significant in surgical duration ,volume of peritoneal drainage ,and length of hospital stay between the two methods (P values were 0.039 ,0.003 ,0.024 ,and 0.002 respectively) for the third stage but there were no significant differencesin rate of abnormal wound healing , number of ICU transfer , recovery time of bowel function ,ambulation time ,and treatment abandonment rate (P values were 0.175 ,0.173 ,0.766 ,and 0.757 respectively). Conclusions LR is superior to OR under the first stage of pus moss and still has advantages under the second stage. However,LR may be inferior to OR under the third stage.

Laparoscopic repair of perforated peptic ulcer: Our experience.

Laparoscopy is an important milestone in the history of surgery. Almost all abdominal surgeries can now be approached laparoscopically. Laparoscopic perforated duodenal ulcer (DU) repair has been shown to be feasible. However, whether its superior to open repair is yet to be established and has not become the standard of care. Laparoscopy offers better visualization and early recovery.

Utilidad de la puntuación de boey y portsmouth-possum fisiológico en pacientes con úlcera péptica perforada / Performance of boey score and physiologic portsmouth-possum in patients with perforated peptic ulcer

Introduction: Surgical scores such as Boey and physiologic Portsmouth-POSSUM have been independently applied to patients with perforated ulcer to stratify their surgical risk. However, there are no studies comparing both scores. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of Boey score and Portsmouth-POSSUM in patients with perforated peptic ulcer. Methods: A retrospective comparative study was performed including 108 consecutive patients older than 15-years submitted to emergency surgery from January 2002 to June 2012. Patients operated on for perforated gastric cancer were excluded. The primary outcome measure was to compare the performance of Portsmouth-POSSUM and Boey score. Secondary outcome measures were to determine cutoff points for Portsmouth-POSSUM, Boey score, C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cells (WBC) count, to predict patients at risk for complications. Results: The best cutoff point for CRP was 37.5 mg/l, and for WBC was 11.600 mm³ (OR 2.9 and 4.4). The best cutoff point for physiologic Portsmouth-POSSUM was 14, for surgical Portsmouth-POSSUM were 12, and for predictive Portsmouth-POSSUM was 0.8 percent. A time of perforation higher than 24 h had an OR of 35, and Boey score of 3 had an OR of 38.3. When Boey score was 2, with preoperative shock and time of perforation higher than 24 h being the positive variables, the OR was 194.3. Conclusions: Boey score performed better than Portsmouth-POSSUM, remaining a more specific score to stratify patients submitted to emergency surgery for perforated peptic ulcer.

Introducción: Puntuaciones pronósticas como la de Boey y el Portsmouth-POSSUM han sido utilizadas en pacientes con úlcera perforada para estratificar el riesgo quirúrgico. No existen estudios que comparen ambas puntuaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio es el de comparar el rendimiento de estas puntuaciones en pacientes con úlcera péptica perforada. Métodos: Se diseñó un estudio comparativo retrospectivo que incluyó 108 pacientes consecutivos mayores de 15 años sometidos a cirugía de urgencia entre enero de 2002 y junio de 2012. Se excluyeron pacientes operados por cáncer gástrico perforado. El objetivo principal fue comparar el rendimiento de la puntuación de Boey con Portsmouth-POSSUM. Los objetivos secundarios fueron determinar los puntos de corte para Portsmouth-POSSUM, puntuación de Boey, proteína C-reactiva (PCR) y recuento de leucocitos (RL) como factores predictivos de riesgo. Resultados: El mejor punto de corte para PCR fue 37,5 mg/l y para RL 11.600 mm³ (OR 2,9 y 4,4). El mejor punto de corte para Portsmouth-POSSUM fisiológico fue 14, para Portsmouth-POSSUM quirúrgico fue 12 y para Portsmouth-POSSUM predictivo fue 0,8 por ciento. Un tiempo de perforación mayor a 24 h tenía un OR de 35 y un puntaje de Boey de 3 tenía un OR de 38,3. Cuando el puntaje de Boey fue 2 con las variables choque preoperatorio y perforación mayor a 24 h, el OR fue 194,3. Conclusiones: La puntuación de Boey presentó mejor rendimiento que Portsmouth-POSSUM, representando una puntuación más específica para estratificar pacientes sometidos a cirugía de urgencia por úlcera perforada.

Análise da presença de Helicobacter pylori na secreção da cavidade peritoneal de pacientes com úlcera péptica perfurada admitidos em um hospital terciário / Analysis of the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the secretion of the peritoneal cavity of patients with peptic ulcer perforated admitted in a tertiary hospital

Objetivo: avaliar presença de Helicobacter pylori na secreção peritoneal e no tubo digestivo dos pacientes com úlcera péptica perfurada utilizando teste rápido de urease. Métodos: realizou-se estudo prospectivo, transversal, descritivo, em que se avaliou pacientes atendidos no Setor de Emergência do Hospital Regional Homero de Miranda Gomes de São José (HRHMG), entre fevereiro de 2009 e julho de 2010, portadores de UPP. Coletaram-se, no transoperatório, duas amostras de líquido peritoneal (na proximidade do orifício da úlcera) e outras duas amostras de líquido da cavidade digestiva, uma de cada local sendo encaminhada para cultura e outra injetada em frascos com solução de urease préformada (TUPF). Coletado sorologia para Helicobacter pylori. Resultados: no período do estudo, 14 pacientes foram analisados. A idade média foi de 41,06 anos (DP=13,1). Predominaram pacientes homens (100%), brancos (71,4%), tabagistas (57,2%), IMC < 30 (85,7%), com história prévia de dispepsia (78,6%). O tempo de peritonite pré-operatória foi menor que 24 horas em 85,6% dos casos e o tratamento realizado foi fechamento primário da perfuração com omentoplastia pediculada em todos os pacientes. A sorologia para Helicobacter pylori foi positiva em 84,6% dos pacientes analisados. O TUPF foi positivo em 78,6% das amostras do tubo digestivo e em 42,8% das amostras da cavidade peritoneal. Com relação a estes testes rápidos, 41,6% apresentaram positividade tanto para a amostra do peritônio, quanto para a gástrica/ duodenal, 50% positivaram exclusivamente na amostra da cavidade digestiva e 8,4% exclusivamente na cavidade peritoneal. Dos 11 pacientes que apresentaram sorologia positiva para Helicobacter pylori, 100% apresentaram o TUPF positivo em pelo menos um dos sítios pesquisados. Conclusão: a presença do Helicobacter pylori pode ser avaliada pela realização do teste rápido da urease do fluido coletado em, pelo menos, dois sítios (cavidade peritoneal e cavidade gástrica/duodenal), com igual significância entre os dois métodos. Necessitam maiores estudos para validação deste método.

Objective: to evaluate the presence of Helicobacter pylori in peritoneal secretion and digestive tract of patients with perforated peptic ulcer using urease rapid test d. Methods: we conducted a prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive, which we assessed patients treated at the Emergency Unit of the Hospital Regional de Miranda Gomes Homer of St. Joseph (HRHMG) between February 2009 and July 2010, holders of UPP. Was collected, during surgery, two samples of peritoneal fluid (in the vicinity of the orifice of ulcer) and two samples of fluid from the digestive cavity, one for each location being routed to another culture and injected into vials with a solution of preformed urease (TUPF). Hp collected for serology. Results: during the study period, 14 patients were analyzed. the old me was 41.06 years (SD = 13.1). Most patients were men (100%), white (71.4%), smokers (57.2%), BMI <30 (85.7%), with a history of dyspepsia (78.6%). The time of peritonitis preoperative was less than 24 hours in 85.6% of cases and treatment was fechamendo primary drilling omentoplasty flap from all patients. The H. pylori serology was positive in 84.6% of patients analyzed. The TUPF was positive in 78.6% of the samples of the digestive tract and 42.8% of the samples of the peritoneal cavity. With regard to these rapid tests, 41.6% were positive for both the sample of the peritoneum, as for gastric / duodenal, 50% of the sample only positivaram digestive cavity and only 8.4% in the peritoneal cavity. Of the 11 patients with positive serology for Hp, 100% presented TUPF positive in at least one of the sites surveyed. Conclusion: the presence of Hp can be assessed through the rapid urease test fluid collected in at least two sites (peritoneal cavity and cavity gastric / duodenal), with equal significance between the two methods. Require larger studies to validate this method.

Abordaje laparoscópico de úlcera gástrica perforada / Laparoscopic treatment of perforated gastric ulcer

Antecedentes: La reparación de una úlcera péptica perforada puede efectuarse con un simple cierre con sutura o con parche de epiplón (Graham) suturado o grapado. El cierre primario más parche de Graham se ha convertido en el método predilecto de un sinnúmero de instituciones. Aparentemente, el tratamiento urgente por vía laparoscópica es bastante efectivo y goza de tasas aceptables de morbilidad y mortalidad comparado con la cirugía convencional. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente varón de 66 años de edad, el cual presenta antecedentes de HAS y AR sin tratamiento, fue llevado al servicio de urgencia del hospital General "Dr. Gonzalo Castañeda" del ISSSTE con un cuadro de 12 h de evolución caracterizado por dolor en epigastrio de tipo ardoroso, inicio súbito, intenso, el cual se generalizó posteriormente a todo el abdomen, presentado datos de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica y mal estado general, abdomen con irritación peritoneal y abdomen en madera, leucocitosis y aire libre subdiafragmático en placa simple de tórax, por lo que diagnosticó ulcera péptica perforada y se decidió realizar cirugía de urgencias. Se utilizó reparación laparoscópica de ulcera gástrica perforada con colocación de parche de epiplón y lavado de cavidad peritoneal con evolución satisfactoria del paciente y posterior egreso de éste. Con el advenimiento de las técnicas laparoscópicas, la factibilidad y seguridad del cierre laparoscópico de las úlceras pépticas perforadas ha sido demostrada en algunas series publicadas recientemente. Conclusión: es evidente que la reparación laparoscópica de úlceras pépticas perforadas puede ser considerada como un método seguro y efectivo, particularmente en pacientes con menos de 24 h de evolución, contando además con algunas de las ventajas ya establecidas de las técnicas mínimamente invasivas.

Background: The repairment of perforated peptic ulcer can be done with a simple suture closure with omental patch (Graham) stitches. Primary closure plus Graham patch has become the preferred method of many institutions. Apparently, the laparoscopic emergency treatment is quite effective, enjoying acceptable rates of morbidity and mortality compared with conventional surgery. Clinical case: We report a case of male patient aged 66 who has a history of SAH and AR without treatment, is brought to the emergency service of General Hospital "Dr. Gonzalo Castañeda "ISSSTE with 12 hrs of evolution presenting epigastric pain of sudden onset of intense burning rate which subsequently generalize to the entire abdomen, reported data of systemic inflammatory response and poor general health, abdomen with peritoneal irritation and wood abdomen, leukocytosis, and subdiaphragmatic air on simple chest plate, diagnosed as perforated peptic ulcer and emergency surgery say using laparoscopic repair of perforated gastric ulcer with omental patch placement and washing of peritoneal cavity of the patient with satisfactory outcome and completion of he. With the advent of laparoscopic techniques, the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic closure of perforated peptic ulcers has been demonstrated in some studies published recently. Conclusion: it is clear that the laparoscopic repair of perforated peptic ulcer can be considered as a safe and effective, particularly in patients with less than 24 hrs of evolution, and also boasts some of the already established advantages of minimally invasive techniques.

Ten-years comparative study after surgical treatment of perforated peptic ulcer according to ulcer relapse between H. Pylori positive, after eradication, and negative patients / Estudo comparativo quanto à recidiva ulcerosa do tratamento cirúrgico de úlcera péptica perfurada entre pacientes H. Pylori positivos, após erradicação, e negativos

BACKGROUND: The surgical treatment for perforated peptic ulcer is still a matter of discussion. The surgeons, for many years, made their options between acid-reducing procedures with some morbi-mortality and simpler procedures like closure of the perforation. But, in these cases, were faced with a high chance of ulcer relapse. Since the proved link between peptic ulcer and gastroduodenal infection caused by H. pylori, a recommendation for a change in their attitudes going back to simpler procedures with eradication of the bacteria was done.AIM: To analyse ulcer recurrence in patients treated with the same surgical procedure but belonging to two different groups: positive and negative to H. pilori.METHODS: A total of 144 patients were treated with simple closure of their perforated pre-pyloric, pyloric and duodenal ulcers. Thirty days after operation they were submitted to upper endoscopy and tested for the bacteria by urease and histopathological exams and divided into two groups according to the results of the tests: positive and negative. The positive ones were eradicated and, together with the negative group, were followed through six months interval endoscopies and detection tests looking for ulcer relapses and reinfection in the eradicated group. The positive group consisted of 25 patients, with two patients considered non eradicable according to the treatment protocol. They were followed for an average period of 38,21 months.RESULTS: Relapse was detected in four patients (17,39%), half of them (8,69%) were reinfected. The negative group consisted of 26 patients, with a median follow-up of 38,28 months and eight (30,76%) relapses were detected. There was no statistical significant difference due probably to the high dropout of patients.CONCLUSION: Simple suture with H. pilori eradication is the gold standard for the positive group, leaving the question of acid-reducing procedures open for the negative ones.

RACIONAL: O tratamento cirúrgico da úlcera péptica perfurada é assunto discutível. Os cirurgiões, por muitos anos, fizeram suas opções entre procedimentos de redução ácida, somente fechamento da perfuração - porém com maior chance de recidiva ulcerosa. Desde a comprovada vinculação da úlcera péptica e suas complicações à infecção gastroduodenal causada pelo Helicobacter pylori, houve recomendação para mudança na atitude dos cirurgiões na volta à operação mais simples com erradicação da bactéria.OBJETIVO: Analisar a recidiva ulcerosa em pacientes com úlcera perfurada H. pylori positiva que foram submetidos à simples sutura da lesão e omentopexia com erradicação da bactéria e compará-la com H. pylori negativo submetido ao mesmo tratamento cirúrgico.MÉTODOS: Cento e quatorze pacientes com úlceras pré-pilóricas, pilóricas e duodenais perfuradas foram atendidos com fechamento simples. Trinta dias após a operação submeteram-se à endoscopia digestiva alta com biópsias para testes da urease e histopatológicos. Foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o resultado dos testes: positivo e negativo.Os positivos foram erradicados e, junto com o grupo negativo, foram seguidos com endoscopias semestrais e testes de detecção para H. pylori procurando por recidiva ulcerosa e reinfecção no grupo erradicado.RESULTADOS: O grupo positivo foi formado por 25 pacientes, dos quais dois foram considerados não erradicáveis segundo os critérios do protocolo. Os demais foram seguidos por período médio de 38,21 meses e detectadas recidivas em quatro pacientes (17,39%), metade deles (8,69%) foram reinfectados. O grupo negativo foi formado por 26 pacientes, seguido por período médio de 38,28 meses e oito (30,76%) apresentaram recidiva ulcerosa. Não foi evidenciada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos...

Laparoscopic versus Open Primary Repair for Perforated Peptic Ulcer / 대한내시경복강경외과학회지

PURPOSE: Simple closure, regardless of using an omental patch, continues to be the preferred option for many surgeons. It is a easy, quick and safe operation, and it can be applied to all situations by every surgeon. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of routinely using laparoscopic repair for treating perforated peptic ulcer. METHODS: A retrospective review was carried out on 68 consecutive patients who underwent patch repair for a perforated peptic ulcer; 11 underwent laparoscopic repair and 57 underwent open repair. Laparoscopic repair was performed by one surgeon at the same hospital between March, 2006 and February, 2009. Both groups were compared according to the Mann-Whitney U-test. A p value <0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS: Statistical significance (p<0.05) between two groups (laparoscopic vs. open) was present regarding to the postoperative morbidity (0 vs. 16 cases, respectively), the hospital stay (4.8 vs. 12.7 days, respectively), the postoperative day of resuming an oral diet (3 vs. 5.7 days, respectively). The mean operative time of laparoscopic repair (78 minutes) was shorter than that of open repair (82 minutes) but this was not statistically significant (p=0.81). We excluded using a pain scale or assessing the use of analgesics in this study because of the popularity of IV PCA (intravenous patient-controlled analgesia). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic primary repair is a safe emergency procedure for treating perforated peptic ulcer patients.

Clinical Study and Factors Influencing Postoperative Morbidity in Perforated Peptic Ulcer Patients

PURPOSE: After the introduction of peptic ulcer medication, a marked decrease took place in the number of patients with uncomplicated peptic ulcers subjected to elective surgery. This decline, however, was not associated with a decrease in the number of patients admitted with peptic ulcer perforation. Also, the morbidity and mortality were increased because the perforated peptic ulcers mostly occurred in elderly patients with medical illnesses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the postoperative morbidity in patients with a perforated peptic ulcer. METHODS: Between January 2000 and December 2005, 110 consecutive patients, who underwent surgery for perforated peptic ulcer at Seoul Red Cross Hospital department of general surgery, were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The overall morbidity and the mortality rates were 23.6 and 5.45%, respectively. The most common postoperative complication was postoperative ileus, followed by wound infections and pulmonary complications. The most common cause of death was sepsis. A univariate analysis showed sex, age, a delayed operation, site and size of perforation, the size of crater, comorbid diseases, and type and duration of operation were associated factors; however, the multivariate analysis showed age, a delayed operation, size of perforation, comorbid diseases, and type and duration of operation were independent risk factors. CONCLUSION: Age, a delayed operation, size of perforation, comorbid diseases, and type and duration of operation were independent risk factors for a perforated peptic ulcer. Therefore, to decrease the postoperative morbidity, comorbid diseases must be treated during the perioperative period, perforated peptic ulcer must be correctly diagnosed immediately and short time consuming operative procedures must be performed.

Reparación videolaparoscópica con parche de epiplón en pacientes con úlceras gastroduodenales perforadas: primera experiencia en el Hospital Universitario de Caracas / Laparoscopic repair with omental patch in patients with perforated gastroduodenal ulcers: first experience at the Hospital Universitario de Caracas

El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en aplicar por primera vez en nuestro hospital la técnica laparoscópica de reparación de úlcera gastroduodenal perforada con cierre primario y colocación de parche de epiplón mediante la confección de nudos intracorpóreos a 8 pacientes masculinos, con edades comprendidas entre los 28 y los 74 años, que consultaron a la emergencia del Hospital Universitario de Caracas, con cuadro clínico de abdomen agudo sugestivo de perforación gastroduodenal, en el período comprendido entre noviembre de 2003 y septiembre de 2004. La edad promedio fue 48 años. El tiempo de evolución clínica osciló entre 6 y 48 horas, con un promedio de 11,31 horas. El tiempo operatorio promedio fue 160 minutos. En promedio el dolor posoperatorio fue de 2/10 según EVA (escala visualanalógica para dolor). El promedio de hospitalización fue de 7,85 días. El reintegro a las actividades cotidianas fue en promedio de 13 días. No hubo necesidad de conversión a técnica abierta en ningún caso. Se presentaron complicaciones en 2 pacientes, uno de ellos por reapertura del cierre primario y otro quien presentó colección intrabdominal, ambos fueron reintervenidos de forma abierta, sin complicaciones ulteriores. No hubo mortalidad. La reparación videolaparoscópica constituye un método seguro y efectivo, con excelente resultado estético y menor dolor posoperatorio, por lo que se recomienda ampliamente para el tratamiento de emergencia de los cuadros de úlcera gastroduodenal perforada.

The objective of this work consist to apply for first time in our hospital the laparoscopic repair technique for perforated gastroduodenal ulcers with primary closure and ommental patch using intracorporeal knots. Eight male patients were consults to emergency room of Hospital Universitario de Caracas with ages between 28 and 74 years old, presents clinical syndrome of acute abdomen suggest of perforated gastroduodenal ulcer within period of 2003 November to 2004 September. The mean age was 48 years old. The clinical evolution time before surgery was oscillate between 6 and 48 hours with mean of 11.31 hours. Mean surgery time was 160 minutes. Postoperative pain was 2/10 according to VAS (visual-analog scale for pain). Mean hospitalization days was 7.85 days. Reintegration to daily activities was in mean 13 days. There was not need to conversion to open technique in any case. There were complications in two patients, one of them with reopened of repair site and the other with intrabdominal collection, both were operated in open way without posterior complications. No mortality was occurs. Laparoscopic repair method is secure and effective with excellent cosmetic results and less postoperative pain so we recommended for emergency treatment of perforated gastroduodenal ulcer.

Risk Factors Associated with Mortality in Emergency Surgery for Perforated Peptic Ulcer

PURPOSE: Despite modern medication, peptic ulcer, patients often require emergency surgery for complications of peptic ulcer disease, and the mortality due to a perforated peptic ulcer still remains high. This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the risk factors associated with mortality in patients undergoing surgery for a perforated peptic ulcer. METHODS: Two hundred and four consecutive patients (mean age: 45.8 years; range: 15~0 years) who underwent emergency surgery for a perforated peptic ulcer at the National Medical Center, between January 1991 and December 2000, were reviewed. RESULTS: The overall mortality rate was 5.9%. A univariate analysis of multiple clinical variables revealed old age (> or =65 years), duration of symptoms (> or =24 hours), NSAIDs or steroid use, comorbid disease, shock on admission, low hemoglobin ( or =20 mg%), higher creatinine (> or =1.5 mg%), gastric ulcer and simple closure to be significantly associated with mortality. However, a multivariate analysis showed that shock on admission, comorbid disease and old age (> or =65 years) were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSION: Shock on admission, comorbid disease and old age should be considered as significant prognostic factors of emergency surgery for a perforated peptic ulcer, and a comorbid disease and age as non modifiable factors. For that reason, prompt resuscitation is considered as the most effective therapy for reducing the mortality due to peptic ulcer perforation.

Open Versus Laparoscopic Primary Closure of Perforated Peptic Ulcer

PURPOSE: To compare short-term clinical outcome of laparoscopic primary closure and open primary closure for the treatment of perforated peptic ulcers. METHODS: A prospective non-randomized study was perfor med for patients with perforated peptic ulcer at the Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital between Janunary 1999 and August 2001. Fifteen patients (Group L) underwent a laparoscopic primary closure by a modified Graham's method. The control group (Group O) was comprised of twenty patients who underwent a conventional open primary closure by a modified Graham's method. Statistical comparisons were made by a two-tailed Student's t-test. RESULTS: The group L and O were comparable for age, weight, preoperative leucocyte count, Blood urea nitrogen creatinine, and associated medical illness. Significant differences (P<0.05) were present between the groups with regard to the mean operative time (118.7 vs 80.8 minutes) and time to nonfebrile conversion following the operations (postoperative 2.2 days vs. postoperative 3.1 days). There were no differences in blood loss, frequencies of pain control, recovery of bowel movement, and postoperative hospital stay. Complications were seen in 1 of the cases in group L (pleural effusion), and 2 in group O (upper gastrointestinal bleeding, wound dehiscence). There was one case of mortality, due to septic shock, in group O. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic primary repair could be a safe and feasible technique for the treatment of peptic ulcer perforations with a cosmetic advantage and faster recovery.