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Abstract Introduction: The growth Stimulation expressed gene 2 (ST2) (or interleukin 1 receptor-like 1, also known as IL1RL1) is considered a biomarker of poor prognosis in cardiovascular diseases. The aims of this study are to investigate ST2 in the pericardial fluid (PF) of coronary artery disease patients and to contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease. Methods: 40 patients (blood plasma and PF) who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery and 40 controls (blood plasma only) were included in this study. Soluble ST2 (sST2) level was determined by enzyme-linked ımmunosorbent assay method in plasma and PF, and sST2 gene expression was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) method. Results: The sST2 level was found to be 44.89 ng/ml and 390.357 ng/ml in the control and patient groups' plasma, and 223.992 ng/ml in the PF of the patient group. An increase in sST2 level was detected in the patient group compared to the control group (P<0.001). The sST2 expression in plasma was higher in the patient group than in the control group. Additionally, sST2 was more expressed in the plasma of the patient group than PF (P<0.001). Conclusion: The fact that sST2 was detected for the first time in a high level in PF showed that this biomarker was closely related with the heart and strengthened its potential to be used as a biomarker. Therefore, sST2 can contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Coronary Artery Disease , Pericardial Fluid , Prognosis , Biomarkers , Coronary Artery BypassABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the cellular components and differentiation potential of cells in rabbit pericardial fluid, and to provide morphological basis for basic research and clinical application of pericardial cells. Methods: Thirty adult New Zealand white rabbits, after aseptic thoracotomy, the pericardial fluid mixture was extracted, the fluid cells were centrifuged, isolated and cultured. The pericardial cellular morphology in the different generations was observed under the inverted microscope (The immunofluorescence staining method was used in the present study in order to analyze the pericardial cells phenotypes). Their immunological phenotypes were analyzed by using immunofluorescence staining and the CD44, vimentin, CD45 and the number of cells positively expressed in the third generation cells were observed. The expression of CD44 and vimentin related molecules was detected by PCR. Results: There was the cellular population with uniform morphology in the adult rabbit pericardial fluid. The cells with immunofluorescence positive staining for CD44 and vimentin were found in the pericardial fluid of rabbit, in addition, these cells possessed the immunofluorescence negative staining for CD45. After induction, they can differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. Conclusion: Rabbit pericardial fluid contains cells with multiple differentiation potentials, which may be of positive significance for myocardial repair.
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Background :Cytological analyses of body effusions plays an important role in the diagnosis of various lesions. Material & Methods : A retrospective study for one year duration from Jan 2016 to Dec 2016 was undertaken in the Department of Pathology. It includes all samples of pleural, ascitic & pericardial fluid received in cytology section. Results : Cytological analysis was done on all 284 cases of effusion fluids. Pleural fluid was the most common type of fluid received followed by ascitic & pericardial fluids. Maximum number of cases were transudates in nature. 257 cases were non neoplastic & 27 were neoplastic. Adenocarcinoma was the most common morphological pattern. Conclusion : Cytological study of body fluids is an inexpensive & simple procedure, useful in studying the etiology, course of disease and also to monitor the response to the therapy
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Abstract Background: Angiotensin II (Ang II), the primary effector hormone of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), acts systemically or locally, being produced by the action of angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) on angiotensin I. Although several tissue RASs, such as cardiac RAS, have been described, little is known about the presence of an RAS in the pericardial fluid and its possible sources. Locally produced Ang II has paracrine and autocrine effects, inducing left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, heart failure and cardiac dysfunction. Because of the difficulties inherent in human pericardial fluid collection, appropriate experimental models are useful to obtain data regarding the characteristics of the pericardial fluid and surrounding tissues. Objectives: To evidence the presence of constituents of the Ang II production paths in bovine pericardial fluid and parietal pericardium. Methods: Albumin-free crude extracts of bovine pericardial fluid, immunoprecipitated with anti-ACE antibody, were submitted to electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and gels stained with coomassie blue. Duplicates of gels were probed with anti-ACE antibody. In the pericardial membranes, ACE was detected by use of immunofluorescence. Results: Immunodetection on nitrocellulose membranes showed a 146-KDa ACE isoform in the bovine pericardial fluid. On the pericardial membrane sections, ACE was immunolocalized in the mesothelial layer. Conclusions: The ACE isoform in the bovine pericardial fluid and parietal pericardium should account at least partially for the production of Ang II in the pericardial space, and should be considered when assessing the cardiac RAS.
Resumo Fundamentos: Angiotensina II (Ang II), o hormônio efetor primário do sistema renina-angiotensina (SRA), atuando em níveis sistêmicos ou locais, é produzida pela ação da enzima conversora de angiotensina (ECA) sobre a angiotensina I. Embora diversos SRAs teciduais, como o SRA cardíaco, tenham sido descritos em muitos estudos, dados de um SRA no líquido pericárdico e sua origem não são ainda disponíveis. A Ang II localmente produzida tem efeitos parácrinos e autócrinos, induzindo a hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, fibrose, insuficiência e disfunção cardíacas. Devido às dificuldades inerentes à obtenção de líquido pericárdico humano, modelos experimentais apropriados são muito úteis para obter dados relativos às suas características bem como dos tecidos contíguos. Objetivos: Obter evidências da presença de constituintes das vias de produção de Ang II no líquido pericárdico e no pericárdio parietal bovinos. Métodos: Extratos brutos de líquido pericárdico bovino sem albumina (sobrenadantes), imunoprecipitados com anticorpo anti-ECA, foram submetidos a eletroforese (SDS-PAGE) e os géis corados com Coomassie Blue. Duplicatas dos géis foram sondadas com anticorpo anti-ECA. A detecção de ECA nas membranas pericárdicas foi realizada por imunofluorescência. Resultados: A imunodetecção sobre as membranas de nitrocelulose mostrou uma isoforma de ECA com 146 KDa no líquido pericárdico bovino. Nas secções de membrana pericárdica, a ECA foi imunolocalizada na camada mesotelial. Conclusões: A isoforma de ECA do líquido pericárdico bovino e do pericárdio parietal deve ser, pelo menos em parte, responsável pela produção de Ang II no espaço pericárdico, devendo ser considerada quando o SRA cardíaco for avaliado.
Subject(s)
Animals , Pericardium/enzymology , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/biosynthesis , Pericardial Fluid/enzymology , Cattle , Fluoroimmunoassay , Immunoprecipitation , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelABSTRACT
Background: Pericardial effusion in clinical practice is commonly under diagnosed or missed especially minimal to moderate effusion. Aim and objectives: To study the clinical and etiological profile of pericardial effusion and to recognize radiological, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic features that are characteristic of pericardial effusion and to analyze pericardial fluid in various etiologies. Materials and methods: It was prospective study in patients presenting with pericardial effusion in department of Medicine and Cardiology. Total of 30 patients who presented with pericardial effusion based on clinical criteria and confirmed by echocardiography were included in the study. Results: The causes of pericardial effusion in this study were Tuberculosis (33.33%), Uremia (20%), Viral /Idiopathic (16.67%), Bacterial (10%), Malignancy (10%), Hypothyroidism (3.33%), and post MI with ischemic cardiomyopathy (3.33%), SLE (3.33%). 3 cases (10%) were HIV positive among viral causes,1 patient had tuberculous pericarditis. ECG findings of low voltage complexes were present in 90% of patients and electrical alternans was seen mainly in tamponade cases. Chest X-ray finding of cardiomegaly was present in 90% patients with pleural effusion in 13.3% patients. ADA levels elevated in all 10 patients of tuberculous effusion with 100% sensitivity and among them smear for AFB was positive in 3 patients. Increased levels of ADA>60U/L was associated with increased incidence of effusive constrictive pericarditis in TB effusion. Pericardial fluid IFN-ᵞ increased greater than 200 pg/L, tuberculous etiology showed 100% sensitivity and specificity. In all 10 patients of M Manjusha, B. Manoj Kumar, N. Venkat Rajaiah, P. Narayana. Study of characteristic of pericardial effusion and to analyze pericardial fluid in various etiologies. IAIM, 2017; 4(10): 221-229. Page 222 2Dimensional echocardiographic findings of right atrial, right ventricular collapse and left atrial collapse was seen predominantly in tamponade cases. Pericardiocentesis showed hemorrhagic effusion in malignancy and uremia, serous and serofibrinous in tuberculosis and purulent in pyogenic effusion. In 3 cases of pyogenic effusion, culture revealed Staphylococcus aureus in 2 patients and Klebsiella pneumonia in 1 patient. Among 3 cases of HIV, one patient had ADA >40 and smear for AFB positive suggesting tuberculous etiology and other 2 cases were directly due to HIV. In HIV with tubercular effusion the patient presented with cardiac tamponade. Conclusions: ADA>40U/L is diagnostic of tuberculous effusion which showed 100% sensitivity and specificity. Increase of ADA>60 U/L is associated with effusive constrictive pericarditis which has poor prognosis. IFN-ᵞ is increased >200pg/l in all patients of tuberculous etiology showing 100% sensitivity and specificity
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Objective: To investigate the correlation of pericardial fluid and serum NT-proBNP levels in patients during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Study Design: Crossectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: This study was conducted over a period of one year from March 2010 to March 2011 in Physiology Department Ziauddin University, Clifton Karachi. Methodology: A crossectional study was done on 50 patients, undergoing CABG. Both the samples of serum and pericardial fluid were collected during CABG and NT-proBNP levels were assessed by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The log transformation of NT-proBNP concentrations was done. We investigated the correlation of the pericardial fluid and serum levels of log NT-proBNP. Results: Pericardial fluid log NT-proBNP was estimated to be 2.7±0.54 pg/ml in contrast to a serum level of 2.2±0.6 pg/ml in 50 CABG patients. It was found that pericardial fluid NT-proBNP levels were significantly correlated with its serum levels with an r value of 0.85 and a p-value of < 0.0001. The pericardial fluid- serum ratio has been estimated to be 1.25. Conclusion: Serum NT-proBNP levels have significant correlation with its pericardial fluid levels. It can be used alone in the clinical practice provided kidneys function normally.
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The estimation of time since death at the time of autopsy has been and remains to be one of the challenges to the Forensic Pathologist. .A prospective study was undertaken in SMS Hospital, Jaipur on activity of Pericardial Fluid enzymes after death in deceased. A total of 50 study cases were randomly selected after screening. The pericardial fluid was examined biochemically for enzyme activity of Amylase, Creatine Kinase (CK), Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes by photoelectric colorimetry method. The enzyme activity levels so obtained were charted and statistically studied and graphical records obtained against known post-mortem interval. The data thus obtained was analysed with a view to ascertain whether such assays could be of any help to estimate time since death routinely. In this study we observed a positive correlation of all the four enzymes with the time elapsed after death of which rise in CK was found to be statistically significant.
Subject(s)
Amylases/physiology , Autopsy , Creatine Kinase/physiology , Death , gamma-Glutamyltransferase/physiology , Humans , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/physiology , Pericardial Effusion/enzymology , Postmortem Changes , Time FactorsABSTRACT
En este trabajo se presenta el caso de un perro de la raza bóxer, de nueve años de edad que presentaba intolerancia al ejercicio, sonidos cardíacos débilmente audibles y distensión abdominal debido a la ascitis. Al realizar ayudas diagnósticas como radiografía, ecocardiografía y electrocardiografía, se evidenció una acumulación severa de líquido pericárdico que generaba una tamponada cardíaca. Posterior a una evaluación citológica de este líquido y a la exclusión de otros posibles diagnósticos, se concluyó que el perro padecía de pericarditis inflamatoria idiopática (PII).
This is a case of a nine years old male Bóxer, which presented exercise intolerance, weak cardiac sounds and abdominal distension caused by ascites. After performing ancillary tests like radiography, echocardiography and electrocardiography a severe accumulation of pericardial liquid which was generating a cardiac tamponade was confirmed. After the fluid was submitted to cytological evaluation and other possible diagnoses were excluded, it was determined the diagnosis of Inflammatory Idiopathic Pericarditis (IIP).
Este artigo apresenta o caso de um cão raça boxer, de nove anos de idade que apresentou intolerância ao exercício, sons cardíacos fracamente audíveis e inchaço devido à ascite. Na condução auxiliares de diagnóstico, tais como radiologia, ecocardiografia e eletrocardiografia, revelou um grave pericárdico acumulação de fluidos que gerou um tampão coração. Após uma avaliação do líquido citológico presente e da exclusão de outros possíveis diagnósticos, concluiu-se que o cão sofreu de pericardite inflamatória idiopática (PII).
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Ascites , Echocardiography , Electrocardiography , PericarditisABSTRACT
This study was designed to examine the relationship between pericardial fluid and plasma CRP levels, and to alterations in other biochemical parameters in patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG). The study group consisted of 96 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) patients who were referred to our clinic for a CABG procedure and from whom sufficient amount of pericardial fluid could be collected. The patients were classified into 3 groups: Stable Angina Pectoris (SAP) (n=27), Unstable Angina Pectoris (USAP) (n=36), and Post-Myocardial Infarction (PMI) (n=33). Levels of CRP, glucose, albumin, total protein, Creatine Kinase (CK), Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB), and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined in pericardial fluid samples and in simultaneously collected blood samples from radial artery. The pericardial CRP and LDH levels in the PMI group were higher than in the SAP (p=0.015 and p=0.000, respectively) and USAP (p=0.011, p=0.047) groups. Serum CRP levels in USAP (p=0.014) and PMI (p= 0.000) groups were higher than those in the SAP group. Pericardial albumin levels in the PMI group were higher than in the USAP group (p=0.038). In all groups, the pericardial fluid/serum protein ratio was > 0.5, the LDL ratio was > 0.6, and pericardial fluid LDH concentrations were > 300mg/dl. CRP level of pericardial fluid was significantly higher in the PMI group than in other groups. However, pericardial fluid LDH levels were higher than blood LDH levels in this group and were also higher than pericardial fluid LDH levels of other groups.
Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Male , Humans , Female , Aged , Pericardial Effusion/metabolism , Myocardial Infarction/metabolism , Coronary Artery Bypass , C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , Biomarkers , Angina, Unstable/metabolismABSTRACT
This study was designed to examine the relationship between pericardial fluid and plasma CRP levels, and to alterations in other biochemical parameters in patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG). The study group consisted of 96 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) patients who were referred to our clinic for a CABG procedure and from whom sufficient amount of pericardial fluid could be collected. The patients were classified into 3 groups: Stable Angina Pectoris (SAP) (n=27), Unstable Angina Pectoris (USAP) (n=36), and Post-Myocardial Infarction (PMI) (n=33). Levels of CRP, glucose, albumin, total protein, Creatine Kinase (CK), Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB), and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined in pericardial fluid samples and in simultaneously collected blood samples from radial artery. The pericardial CRP and LDH levels in the PMI group were higher than in the SAP (p=0.015 and p=0.000, respectively) and USAP (p=0.011, p=0.047) groups. Serum CRP levels in USAP (p=0.014) and PMI (p= 0.000) groups were higher than those in the SAP group. Pericardial albumin levels in the PMI group were higher than in the USAP group (p=0.038). In all groups, the pericardial fluid/serum protein ratio was > 0.5, the LDL ratio was > 0.6, and pericardial fluid LDH concentrations were > 300mg/dl. CRP level of pericardial fluid was significantly higher in the PMI group than in other groups. However, pericardial fluid LDH levels were higher than blood LDH levels in this group and were also higher than pericardial fluid LDH levels of other groups.
Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Male , Humans , Female , Aged , Pericardial Effusion/metabolism , Myocardial Infarction/metabolism , Coronary Artery Bypass , C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , Biomarkers , Angina, Unstable/metabolismABSTRACT
Many articles concerning the accuracy of diagnosis of malignant tumor cells in body fluids have appeared in the literature, but few authors have attempted to describe the characteristics of these cells to determine the site of the primary tumor as they relate to tumors of specific primary sites. This paper presents the results of a retrospective study on malignant body cavity effusions of which the primary site was established on the basis of either biopsy or surgical resection of the primary neoplasm during the period of 6 years beginning from January 1983 to December 1988. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) The 143 fluid specimens from 129 patients were composed of 51 cases of pleural, 69 of peritoneal, and 9 of pericardial origin. 2) Adenocarcinoma was the most frequent type of malignant effusions (78.3%). The most common primary site was the lung (50%) in pleural fluid and stomach (55.2%) in ascites. 3) The results of this study show that the primary site of tumor cells can be identified in the body fluid of accurate cytomorphologic criteria are used. Identification of the primary site of an effusion would be improved by the consideration of clinical information