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ABSTRACT The breakdown of dormancy and early sprouting is one of the main causes of losses of stored potatoes. Sprouting control becomes important especially when tubers are submitted to long-term storage for further processing by the potato industry. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of organic sprout inhibitors, eugenol and menthol essential oils, on the suppression of growth on non-dormant 'Asterix' tubers stored at 8 °C. Administration of eugenol and menthol essential oils reduced the number and the length of sprouts during cold storage up to fifty days. Nevertheless, the essential oils stimulated the break of bud apical dominance, stimulating auxiliary buds growth. The effect of the oils was restricted to inducing necrosis of superficial sprout cells without any apparent effect on the skin periderm structure. Repeated applications of oils are necessary to prolong the inhibitory effects of the essential oils on sprouts growth.
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Objective To study the effect and nursing of Mayinglong musk hemorrhoids ointment on anus periderm skin damage of fecal incontinence patients. Methods Thirty-one patients with fecal incontinence-induced anus periderm skin damage from March 2012 to February 2013 in the hospital were set as the control group and another 32 patients with the same disease from March 2013 to January 2014 as the observation group. The anus periderm skin damage of the observation group was treated with Mayinglong musk hemorrhoids ointment 3 to 4 times a day. The anus periderm skin damage of the control group were treated with zinc oxide ointment, 3 to 4 times a day. Both groups used ostomy. The two groups were compared in terms of total effective rate in a month. Result The total effective rate of the observation group was 93.8% and the control group was 71.0%, with significant difference between the groups (P<0.05). Conclusions Mayinglong musk hemorrhoids ointment can be more effective in the treatment of fecal incontinence caused by anus periderm skin damage than zinc oxide ointment. It can improve the effect of treatment and reduce local wound pain. It is convenient to use, cheap and thus worthy of clinical popularization and application.
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Objective: To establish the standardization parameters for complete pharmacognostic evaluation of stems of Thespesia lampas (T. lampas ) (Cav.) Dalz & Gibs (Malvaceae), an important plant in the Indian system of medicine. Methods: Morphological, microscopical, physico-chemical evaluations, florescence analysis of T. lampas stems were investigated and preliminary phytochemical analysis, GC-MS analysis and HPTLC fingerprinting were carried out for qualitative phytochemical evaluation of various extracts of stems of T. lampas. Results: Chemo-microscopy revealed the presence of lignin, starch grains and calcium oxalate crystals. Physico-chemical evaluation used to determine numerical standards showed a result with total ash (9.03 ± 0.05) % w/w, acid insoluble ash (1.50 ± 0.01) % w/w, water soluble ash (2.51 ± 0.02) % w/w, sulphated ash (7.50 ± 0.01) % w/w, ethanol soluble extractive (0.24 ± 0.02) % w/w, water soluble extractive (0.08 ± 0.01) % w/w, moisture content (6.03 ± 0.05) % w/w and total crude fibre content of stem powder (47.36 ± 0.32) % w/w. Behavior characteristics of the stem powder showed presence of steroids, starch, alkaloid, flavonoids and proteins. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed presence of glycosides, phenolic compounds, tannins, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, carbohydrates and proteins. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of fatty acids such as dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, n- hexadecanoic acid, 9-tetradecenal and HPTLC fingerprinting revealed the presence of β– sitosterol and quercetin in stems of T. lampas. Conclusions: The pharmacognostic standardization of T. lampas is useful towards establishing standards for quality, purity and sample identification.
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Objective: To study detailed Pharmacognosy of the bark of Nyctanthes arbortristis Linn (Oleaceae), an important plant in Indian system of medicine. Methods: the macroscopy, microscopy, physicochemical analysis, preliminary phytochemical testing of powder of the plant bark and other WHO recommended methods for the standardization was done. Results: Trunk bark consists of two distinct regions i.e. outer bark and inner bark. Outer bark consists of broad periderm of a wide phellem and inner phelloderm regions. Inner bark is broader than the outer part and it includes all the secondary phloem tissues. It can be distinguished into 2 zones viz. collapsed secondary phloem and non-collapsed secondary phloem regions. Collapsed secondary phloem region consist of thick blocks of phloem sclereids and radially oblique dark streaks of crushed sieve tubes and dilated axial parenchyma cells. Non-collapsed secondary phloem region is the conducting part of the phloem where the sieve elements are intact. It consists of intact sieve tube members, companion cells, axial parenchyma cells and narrow undilated ray. Calcium oxalate crystals are abundant in collapsed phloem region. Conclusions: it can be concluded that the pharmacognostic profile of N. arbortristis bark is helpful in developing standards for quality, purity and sample identification.
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BACKGROUND: Morphologic characteristics of the human embryonic and fetal periderm according to body region are not very clearly defined. OBJECTIVE: We have tried to Clarify the sequential development of periderm regionally. METHOD: Skin samples were obtained from 12 human embryos and fetuses ranging from 4 to 23 estimated gestational ages(EGA) and divided regionally into scalp, face, back. abdomen, thigh and sale. Specimens were observed by scainning with an electron microscope. RESULTS: Human embryonic end fetal periderm show distinct morphologic changes as follows along its own sequence of development flattened surface, elevated surface, fiormation of incomplete bleb. single bleb stage, multiple-complex bleb stage, formation of regressinjg bieb. Then towards the end of the second trimester, most of thieperidermal cells are completely regressed. Regional variation in peridermal development is not evide!nt during the embryonic period, but earlier development is apparent in the sole, face and scalp especially in the sole compared to other areas during the late first snd second trimester after EGA 9 weeks. CONCLUSION: The periderm, which can be seen only in embryonic and fetal epidermis, shows distinct sequential developmental changeis with regional variation.
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Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Abdomen , Blister , Body Regions , Commerce , Embryonic Structures , Epidermis , Fetus , Pregnancy Trimester, Second , Scalp , Skin , ThighABSTRACT
To observe developing process of human fetal skin during intrauterine life, morphological studies in light microscopic level were made based on 27 human embryos and 76 fetuses ranging from 4 to 40 gestation weeks. The fetuses were the products of induced abortion and were found to have no associated diseases of congenital anomalies at the autopsy. Ten different portions of the body were sampled and examined. They were scalp, forehead, face, chest, abdomen, back, palm, sole, finger and toe. In embryos two different portions; cephalic and caudal portions were examined: The following results were obtained: 1) A single layer of undifferentiated cell was the primitive epidermis at the 4th week and it was followed by two layered epidermis consisting of periderm and primitive basal cell layer. Epidermal ridges started to develop along with primitive eccrine and hair germs as clustering of basal cells at the llth week. Stratum inter-medium was formed at the 12th week, and primitive granular cell layers and keratin formation in association with hair follicles at the 19th week forming earliest adult type epidermis, followed by progressive maturation. 2) The thickness of the fetal epidermis and keratin layer increased as the fetal age approached to the term with its slightly different developmental pattern by the site of body. Cephalic protions developed slightly earlier than the other parts. 3) The developmental pattern of various portions of epidermis could be categorized into three groups; (1) scalp, forehead and face; (2) chest, abdomen and back; (3) palm, sole, finger and toe.
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Adult , Male , Female , HumansABSTRACT
In this paper, the morphological development of periderm of the hands and feet of 21 human embryos were investigated. The estimated gestational age (EGA) of the collected specimens were 6-24 weeks.On 36th to 41st days of EGA, the cells of embryonic periderm were seen to be flat and polygonal in shape. Microvilli were seen on the cell surface. At the end of 7th week the cells showed conspicuous central elevations as cobblestones. After 11th week, a large single bleb occurring on the cell surface were observed. At 4th month, the number of the blebs increased and complex blebs were formed. Larger blebs showed infoldings and furrows. Then the blebs disappeared and the cell surface became flat again. The cells of periderm began to shed at 17th week.The development of periderm on the hands appeared earlier than that on the feet. The degree of the development of periderm in different regions of hands and feet may be different. The possible significance of the periderm was discussed.