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1.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 49(6): 781-785, Dec. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041384

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: We evaluated the associations between interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene polymorphisms -G1082A/-C819T/-C592A and periportal fibrosis regression after specific treatment for schistosomiasis. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study involved 125 Brazilian patients infected with Schistosomiasis mansoni, who were followed up for 2 years after specific treatment to estimate the probability of periportal fibrosis regression. RESULTS: There was no evidence of associations between IL-10 polymorphisms and periportal fibrosis regression after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: There was no evidence of associations between gene promoter polymorphisms of IL-10 and the regression of periportal fibrosis in this Brazilian population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Schistosomiasis mansoni/complications , Interleukin-10/genetics , Peritoneal Fibrosis/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Severity of Illness Index , Retrospective Studies , Peritoneal Fibrosis/parasitology , Peritoneal Fibrosis/drug therapy
2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 46(4): 472-477, Jul-Aug/2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-683328

ABSTRACT

Introduction This study evaluates the factors associated with the development of severe periportal fibrosis in patients with Schistosoma mansoni. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to December 2012 involving 178 patients infected with S. mansoni who were treated in the Hospital das Clínicas of Pernambuco, Brazil. Information regarding risk factors was obtained using a questionnaire. Based on the patients' epidemiological history, clinical examination, and upper abdomen ultrasound evaluation, patients were divided into 2 groups: 137 with evidence of severe periportal fibrosis and 41 patients without fibrosis or with mild or moderate periportal fibrosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using EpiInfo software version 3.5.5. Results Illiterate individuals (30.1%) and patients who had more frequent contact with contaminated water in towns in the Zona da Mata of Pernambuco (33.2%) were at greater risk for severe periportal fibrosis. Based on multivariate analysis, it was determined that an education level of up to 11 years of study and specific prior treatment for schistosomiasis were preventive factors for severe periportal fibrosis. Conclusions The prevailing sites of the severe forms of periportal fibrosis are still within the Zona da Mata of Pernambuco, although there has been an expansion to urban areas and the state coast. Specific treatment and an increased level of education were identified as protective factors, indicating the need for implementing social, sanitary, and health education interventions aimed at schistosomiasis to combat the risk factors for this major public health problem. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Educational Status , Liver Cirrhosis/drug therapy , Portal Vein/parasitology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/drug therapy , Splenic Diseases/drug therapy , Analysis of Variance , Brazil , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Liver Cirrhosis/parasitology , Liver Cirrhosis , Portal Vein/ultrastructure , Severity of Illness Index , Schistosomiasis mansoni , Splenic Diseases/parasitology , Splenic Diseases
3.
Radiol. bras ; 46(1): 1-6, jan.-fev. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-666104

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sonographic features associated with morbidity in patients with chronic clinical presentations of schistosomiasis mansoni, according to the protocol proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two distinctive populations were evaluated: a) patients from an endemic area, and b) patients from a tertiary institution, with histopathologically confirmed periportal fibrosis. Inclusion criteria: diagnosis confirmed by parasitological stool examination for Schistosoma mansoni (Kato-Katz method). Exclusion criteria: positive serology for HIV, HTLV-1, HBV or HCV. The Niamey protocol on ultrasonography proposed by the WHO was utilized. RESULTS: As the measures of periportal spaces were isolatedly evaluated, no alteration was observed in 21% of the tertiary institution patients with advanced disease. As all parameters of the Niamey protocol were considered, 100% of patients from the tertiary institution, with severe disease, presented advanced periportal fibrosis. In hepatosplenic patients from endemic areas, fibrosis was not identified at ultrasonography. CONCLUSION: The sonographic protocol proposed by the WHO can detect advanced periportal fibrosis in patients with severe form of disease with higher sensitivity than the isolated measurement of periportal space. The complexity involved in the sonographic identification of early stages of periportal fibrosis in endemic areas may give rise to the field of diagnostic supplementation and to a continued improvement of sonographic protocols in these areas.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar aspectos ultrassonográficos associados à morbidade em pacientes com formas clínicas crônicas de esquistossomose mansônica, utilizando-se protocolo proposto pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas duas populações distintas: a) área endêmica e b) institucional terciária, com histopatológico confirmando fibrose. Critérios de inclusão: diagnóstico confirmado por parasitológico de fezes para Schistosoma mansoni (método Kato-Katz). Critérios de exclusão: sorologia positiva para HIV, HTLV-1, VHB ou VHC. Foi utilizado protocolo ultrassonográfico de Niamey, proposto pela OMS. RESULTADOS: Avaliando-se isoladamente as medidas dos espaços periportais, estas se mostraram sem alterações em 21% dos indivíduos com doença avançada da instituição terciária. Utilizando-se todos os parâmetros do protocolo, 100% dos indivíduos da instituição terciária, com forma grave da doença, apresentaram fibrose periportal avançada. Em pacientes hepatoesplênicos da área endêmica não se identificou fibrose à ultrassonografia. CONCLUSÃO: O protocolo ultrassonográfico proposto pela OMS detecta fibrose periportal avançada nos pacientes com forma grave da doença, com maior sensibilidade do que a medida do espaço periportal isoladamente. A complexidade de identificação das fases iniciais da fibrose periportal, em áreas endêmicas, pela ultrassonografia, pode suscitar o campo da complementação diagnóstica e a continuidade do aprimoramento dos protocolos ultrassonográficos nestas áreas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Abdomen , Schistosomiasis mansoni/mortality , Peritoneal Fibrosis , Guidelines as Topic , Ultrasonography , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color , World Health Organization
4.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 43(2): 129-134, Mar.-Apr. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-545765

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Abdominal palpation and ultrasound findings among patients from an endemic area for schistosomiasis in Brazil who had been followed up for 27 years were compared. METHODS: In 2004, 411 patients from Brejo do Espírito Santo, in the State of Bahia, were selected for the present investigation after giving their written informed consent. Based on clinical data, they were divided into three groups: 41 patients with evidence of liver fibrosis in 2004 (Group 1); 102 patients with evidence of liver fibrosis in the past (1976-1989) but not in 2004 (Group 2); and 268 patients without evidence of liver fibrosis at any time during the 27-year follow-up (Group 3). All of the patients underwent abdominal ultrasound in which the examiner did not know the result from the clinical examination. The data were stored in a database. RESULTS: The prevalence of periportal fibrosis on ultrasound was 82.9 percent, 56.9 percent and 13.4 percent in Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In the presence of hard, nodular liver or prominent left lobe and a hard palpable spleen, ultrasound revealed periportal fibrosis in 70.9 percent. However, periportal fibrosis was diagnosed using ultrasound in 25.4 percent of the patients in the absence of clinical evidence of liver involvement. Thus, ultrasound diagnosed periportal fibrosis 3.1 times more frequently than clinical examination did. CONCLUSIONS: Although clinical examination is important in evaluating morbidity due to Manson's schistosomiasis in endemic areas, ultrasound is more accurate in diagnosing liver involvement and periportal fibrosis.


INTRODUÇÃO: Neste estudo, se comparou os achados da palpação abdominal e do ultrassom em pacientes de área endêmica de esquistossomose que foram acompanhados por 27 anos no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Em 2004, 411 pacientes de Brejo do Espírito Santo, no estado da Bahia, após consentimento informado e por escrito foram selecionados para o presente estudo. Baseando-se no exame clínico eles foram divididos em 3 grupos: 41 (Grupo 1) com evidência de fibrose hepática no ano de 2004; 102 (Grupo 2) com evidência de fibrose hepática no passado (1976-1989) mas não em 2004; e 268 (Grupo 3) sem evidência de fibrose hepática em 27 anos de seguimento. Todos foram submetidos a exame ultrassonográfico do abdome em que o examinador não sabia o resultado do exame clínico. Os dados foram armazenados em banco de dados. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de fibrose periportal ao ultrassom foi de 82,9 por cento, 56,9 por cento e 13,4 por cento nos Grupos 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente. Na presença de fígado duro, nodular ou lobo esquerdo proeminente e baço palpável duro, o ultra-som revelou fibrose periportal em 70,9 por cento. Porém, fibrose periportal foi diagnosticada através do ultrassom em 25,4 por cento dos pacientes, na ausência de evidência clínica de envolvimento hepático. Assim, o ultrassom diagnosticou fibrose periportal 3,1 vezes mais frequentemente que o exame clínico. CONCLUSÕES: O exame clínico tem importância na avaliação da morbidade da esquistossomose mansônica em áreas endêmicas, mas o ultrassom mostra-se mais preciso quando se pretende diagnosticar o envolvimento hepático e a fibrose periportal.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Liver Cirrhosis/diagnosis , Palpation , Portal Vein/parasitology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/diagnosis , Splenic Diseases/diagnosis , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Liver Cirrhosis/parasitology , Liver Cirrhosis , Portal Vein/pathology , Portal Vein , Schistosomiasis mansoni , Splenic Diseases/parasitology , Splenic Diseases
5.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 50(2): 117-119, Mar.-Apr. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-482225

ABSTRACT

This study was undertaken in the municipality of Bananal, São Paulo, an endemic area for schistosomiasis with a prevalence under 10 percent and low parasite load among infected individuals. Our objective was to identify the clinical forms of schistosomiasis among 109 patients in whom the disease had been diagnosed through direct fecal analysis and who had been medicated with oxamniquine at the time of the Plan for the Intensification of Schistosomiasis Control Actions (1998-2000). These patients were submitted to an abdominal ultrasonography and fecal analysis by Kato-Katz method, four years, on average, after the end of the Plan. Five patients, whose abdominal ultrasound images were compatible with either peripheral or central periportal fibrosis and portal hypertension, were identified. None of the 109 patients presented Schistosoma mansoni eggs at fecal analysis. Ultrasonography is a sensitive, noninvasive diagnostic method that allows a better identification of the extent of liver involvement in schistosomiasis cases.


Este estudo desenvolveu-se no município de Bananal, São Paulo, uma área endêmica para esquistossomose com prevalência menor que 10 por cento e baixa carga parasitária nos infectados. Teve como objetivo a identificação de formas clínicas da esquistossomose mansoni através do exame ultra-sonográfico, em 109 pacientes diagnosticados parasitologicamente e medicados com oxamniquine, durante a realização do Plano de Intensificação das Ações de Controle da Esquistossomose mansônica (1998-2000). Foram utilizadas a ultra-sonografia abdominal e exames de fezes (Kato-Katz) realizados após o término do plano, quatro anos em média. Nesta casuística, foram identificados cinco pacientes com imagens ultra-sonográficas abdominais compatíveis com fibrose periportal periférica ou central e hipertensão portal, além da negatividade de todos os exames parasitológicos nos 109 pacientes. A ultra-sonografia, um método de diagnóstico sensível e não invasivo, possibilitou a identificação de casos com comprometimento hepático em uma área de baixa endemicidade para esquistossomose mansoni.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Animals , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hypertension, Portal , Liver Cirrhosis , Liver Diseases, Parasitic , Schistosomiasis mansoni , Brazil/epidemiology , Endemic Diseases , Hypertension, Portal/parasitology , Liver Cirrhosis/drug therapy , Liver Cirrhosis/parasitology , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/drug therapy , Prevalence , Schistosomiasis mansoni/drug therapy
6.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 30(1): 21-28, jan.-fev. 2003. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-495321

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Apresentar dados epidemiológicos de pacientes esquistossomóticos na forma hepatoesplênica com varizes do fundo gástrico, assim como avaliar os resultados de uma estratégia cirúrgica no manuseio destas varizes. MÉTODO: No período de janeiro de 1992 à julho de 2001 foram acompanhados no Serviço de Cirurgia Geral do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco 125 pacientes submetidos à esplenectomia com ligadura da veia gástrica esquerda (LVGE), desvascularização da grande curvatura do estômago e esclerose endoscópica pós-operatória, para o tratamento da hipertensão portal esquistossomótica com antecedentes de hemorragia digestiva. Quando da presença de varizes de fundo gástrico (44/125) foi associado ao procedimento cirúrgico, a abertura do estômago e sutura das varizes. RESULTADOS: Varizes de fundo gástrico foram identificadas em 35,2 por cento (44/125) dos pacientes com esquistossomose hepatoesplênica e antecedentes de hemorragia digestiva alta. Durante o seguimento de 26 meses o procedimento cirúrgico erradicou 76,5 por cento das varizes de fundo gástrico. A incidência de trombose da veia porta no período pós-operatório foi maior no grupo de pacientes sem varizes de fundo gástrico (16,3 por cento) quando comparado com os pacientes portadores de varizes de fundo gástrico (8,8 por cento), sem que, no entanto, esta diferença tivesse respaldo estatístico (p = 0,62). Não se identificou correlação entre a presença de varizes do fundo gástrico e o grau de fibrose periportal e o peso do baço. Na análise bioquímica e hematológica, no período pré-operatório dos grupos estudados, o número de leucócitos foi estatisticamente menor no grupo de pacientes que apresentavam varizes de fundo gástrico. CONCLUSÃO: A esplenectomia associada a desvascularização da grande curvatura do estômago, ligadura da veia gástrica esquerda, gastrotomia e sutura da varizes de fundo gástrico, erradicou 76,5 por cento das varizes de fundo gástrico...


BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to present epidemiological data and evaluate a surgical approach in the treatment of gastric fundus varices in patients with hepatosplenic shistosomiasis. METHODS: During the period of January 1992 and July 2001, 125 patients underwent splenectomy, ligation of the left gastric vein (LLGV), devascularization of the great stomach curvature and post-operative endoscopic sclerotherapy for the treatment of hepatic-splenic schistosomiasis with previous gastrointestinal haemorrhages. In the patients who presented gastric varices in the pre-operative endoscopy (44/125), a gastrotomy and an obliterating running suture were also performed intraoperatively. RESULTS: Gastric fundus varices were observed in 35,2 percent of all patients with hepatic-splenic schistosomiasis with previous gastrointestinal haemorrhages (44/125). The surgical treatment proposed eradicated 76,5 percent of the gastric fundus varices in a mean follow-up period of 26 months. Portal vein thrombosis was higher in the group of patients without fundus grastric varices (16,3 percent) when compared with fundus gastric varices patients (8,8 percent). This difference was not statistically significant (p=0,62). There was no correlation between the presence of fundus gastric varices and the degree of periportal fibrosis or the weight of the spleen. Despite a statistically lower number of white blood cells in the gastric fundus varices, no other differences were identified in the preoperative haematological and biochemical data. CONCLUSIONS: The authors concluded that patients underwent splenectomy, ligation of the left gastric vein, devascularisation of the great stomach curvature, post-operative endoscopic sclerotherapy, gastrotomy and an obliterating running suture of the fundus gastric varices, eradicated 76,5 percent of the fundus gastric varices, in a follow-up of 26 months.

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