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1.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2023. 136f p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1532201

ABSTRACT

O Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático (TEPT) é uma condição debilitante que impacta significativamente a qualidade de vida dos seus portadores. Dentre vários fatores de risco para o TEPT, as reações peritraumáticas (RP), como a imobilidade tônica peritraumática (ITP), dissociação (DP) e reações físicas de pânico (RFP), estão entre as mais investigadas. No entanto, a maioria dos estudos avaliou essas RP separadamente, e o elo entre elas e o TEPT ainda não foi bem compreendido. Portanto, essa tese teve como objetivos: (i) estimar simultaneamente o efeito das três RP sobre o TEPT utilizando um instrumento validado; e (ii) avaliar se há efeito indireto da ITP sobre o TEPT mediado pelo sentimento de culpa/vergonha. Utilizamos modelagem de equações estruturais para analisar dados de 3211 participantes do Rio de Janeiro e de São Paulo. Tratamos as RP como variáveis latentes, selecionando desconfundidores específicos para cada reação. Nossas exposições foram as RP, sendo TEPT o desfecho. Calculamos odds ratios e intervalos de confiança de 95%. Utilizamos o Bayesian Information Criterion para comparar o ajuste de modelos não aninhados. Quando analisadas separadamente, todas as RP alcançaram significância estatística. No entanto, apenas DP (ORDP=1,8; IC95%:1,3-2,4) e RFP (ORRFP=2,5; IC95%:1,8-3,4) permaneceram estatisticamente significativas quando incluímos as três reações em um modelo com seus respectivos desconfundidores e correlações entre elas. Os resultados sugeriram um possível efeito da ITP sobre o TEPT (ORITP=1,4; IC95%:1,0-1,9). As interações entre as RP não foram estatisticamente significativas. Ao investigarmos o sentimento de culpa/vergonha como mediador entre ITP e TEPT, o efeito indireto alcançou apenas significância estatística limítrofe (ORITP(TNIE)=1,1; IC95%:1,0-1,2). Os efeitos direto (ORITP(PNDE)=1,3; IC95%: 0,8-1,8) e total (ORITP(TE)=1,4; IC95%:0,9-1,9) para ITP perderam significância quando todas as RP, seus desconfundidores e correlações entre elas fizeram parte do mesmo modelo. As demais RP, no entanto, permaneceram estatisticamente significativas (ORDP=1,7; IC95%:1,3-2,3 e ORRFP=2,5; IC95%:1,8-3,4). Nossos resultados mostraram que a DP e as RFP aumentaram o risco de TEPT mesmo quando consideradas em conjunto. A ITP pode ter efeito sobre o risco de TEPT, mas esse achado deve ser interpretado com cautela devido a significância limítrofe dessa RP em nosso modelo final. Também não identificamos uma mediação significativa entre ITP e TEPT pelos sentimentos de culpa/vergonha. Contudo, a significância limítrofe encontrada para o efeito indireto demanda investigações adicionais. Nossos achados reforçam a ideia de que as reações peritraumáticas devem ser analisadas e compreendidas como ocorrências simultâneas. Também seria oportuno que estudos envolvendo culpa/vergonha, ITP e TEPT focalizassem traumas caracterizados por aprisionamento e impossibilidade de escapar, dado que estas experiências são apontadas como mais susceptíveis para desencadear a ITP. (AU)


Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition that greatly impacts quality of life. Among several PTSD risk factors, peritraumatic reactions (PR) such as peritraumatic tonic immobility (PTI), dissociation (PD) and physical panic reactions (PPR) are some of the most investigated. However, several studies have assessed these PR separately, and the pathway connecting them to PTSD is not well understood. Therefore, this thesis aimed to: (i) simultaneously estimate the effect of the three PR on PTSD using a validated instrument; and (ii) assess if there is an indirect effect of PTI on PTSD mediated by feelings of guilt/shame. We used structural equation modelling to analyse data from 3211 participants from Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. We treated the PR as latent variables and selected specific confounders for each reaction. Our exposures were the PR, and PTSD was the outcome. We calculated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for each analysis. We also employed the Bayesian Information Criterion to compare the goodness of fit between non-nested models. Separately, all PR achieved statistically significant results. However, only PD (ORPD=1.8; 95%CI:1.3-2.4) and PPR (ORPPR=2.5; 95%CI:1.8-3.4) remained statistically significant when all three were included in a model with their respective confounders and correlations among all PR. Our findings suggested a possible effect of PTI on PTSD (ORPTI=1.4; 95%CI:1.0-1.9). Interactions between the PR were not statistically significant. When we investigated feelings of guilt/shame as the mediator between PTI and PTSD, the indirect effect achieved a borderline statistical significance (ORPTI(TNIE)=1.1; 95%CI:1.0-1.2). Direct (ORPTI(PNDE)=1.3; 95%CI:0.8-1.8) and total (ORPTI(TE)=1.4; 95%CI:0.9-1.9) effects lost their significance when all PR, their confounders and correlations were included in the same model. The other PR remained statistically significant (ORPD=1.7; 95%CI:1.3-2.3 and ORPPR=2.5; 95%CI:1.8-3.4). Our findings showed PD and PPR to increase the risk of PTSD even when considered in tandem. PTI could have an effect on PTSD, but this must be considered cautiously, as this PR only reached borderline significance in our final model. Feelings of guilt/shame did not significantly mediate PTI's effect on PTSD. However, a borderline statistical significance in the indirect effects warrants further investigation. Our findings reinforce the hypothesis that peritraumatic reactions should be analysed and understood as simultaneous occurrences, not as separate entities. It would also be appropriate for studies concerning guilt/shame, PTI and PTSD to focus on traumas characterized by imprisonment and feelings of inescapability, given that these experiences are allegedly more likely to trigger PTI. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Immobility Response, Tonic , Dissociative Disorders , Emotions , Quality of Life/psychology , Negotiating , Latent Class Analysis , Life Change Events
2.
Psicol. pesq ; 14(spe): 239-259, 2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1155183

ABSTRACT

O mundo está a viver uma situação de pandemia por causa do vírus SARS-CoV-2. Comparamos níveis de estresse peritraumático durante a pandemia Covid-19 (EPC) entre Brasil e Portugal, países latinos com longa história conjunta. Os resultados apontaram níveis elevados de EPC para os brasileiros com 19% (nível grave), e 64% de EPC de leve a grave, contra 5.3% e 38% dos portugueses. Os brasileiros demonstraram maior gravidade em 20 (de 24) itens de EPC. O índice global (IEPC) foi mais elevado nos brasileiros. Essas diferenças são explicadas como consequência das diferentes decisões políticas de saúde seguidas nos dois países.


The world is living in a pandemic situation because of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We compared peritraumatic distress during Covid-19 pandemic (CPD) between Brazil and Portugal, two Latin nations with a long conjointly history. The results pointed to high CPD levels to Brazilians with 19% (severe level), and 64% within CPD (from mild to severe), against 5.3% and 38% of the Portuguese people. Brazilians showed higher severity in 20 (of 24) items of CPD. The global index (CPDI) was higher in Brazilians. These differences are explained by the different political health decisions of the two countries.


El mundo está experimentando una pandemia debido al virus SARS-CoV-2. Comparamos los niveles de estrés peritraumático durante la pandemia Covid-19 (EPC) entre Brasil y Portugal, países latinos con una historia conjunta. Los resultados mostraron altos niveles de EPC para los brasileños con 19% (severo) y 64% de leve a severo, frente al 5,3% y 38% de los portugueses. Los brasileños muestran mayor severidad en 20 (de 24) ítems de EPC. El índice global (IEPC) fue más alto en brasileños. Estas diferencias se explican como consecuencia de las distintas decisiones de política sanitaria que se siguieron en los dos países.

3.
Safety and Health at Work ; : 55-62, 2016.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-158946

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study aims to: (1) examine rates of obesity and physical health complaints among 911 telecommunicators; and (2) document the role of emotion dysregulation, psychological inflexibility, duty-related distress and dissociation, and psychopathology in predicting obesity and physical health complaints in this population. METHODS: The sample consisted of 911 telecommunicators from across the country (N = 758). Participants completed an online survey assessing their mental and physical health functioning. RESULTS: A total of 82.5% of the sample reported a body mass index that fell within the overweight or obese category and an average of 17 physical health complaints within the past month. Peritraumatic reactions (distress and dissociation), emotion dysregulation, and psychological inflexibility had effects on physical health largely through psychopathology (alcohol abuse, post-traumatic stress disorder, and depression). CONCLUSION: Development of adapted prevention and intervention efforts with this population is needed.


Subject(s)
Body Mass Index , Obesity , Overweight , Psychopathology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
4.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 37(1): 49-54, Jan-Mar/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741937

ABSTRACT

Objective: Peritraumatic reactions feature prominently among the main predictors for development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Peritraumatic tonic immobility (PTI), a less investigated but equally important type of peritraumatic response, has been recently attracting the attention of researchers and clinicians for its close association with traumatic reactions and PTSD. Our objective was to investigate the role of PTI, peritraumatic panic, and dissociation as predictors of PTSD symptoms in a cohort of police recruits (n=132). Methods: Participants were asked to complete the following questionnaires during academy training and after the first year of work: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version (PCL-C), Physical Reactions Subscale (PRS), Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ), Tonic Immobility Scale (TIS), and Critical Incident History Questionnaire. Results: Employing a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model, we found that each additional point in the TIS was associated with a 9% increment in PCL-C mean scores (RM = 1.09), whereas for PRS, the increment was 7% (RM = 1.07). As the severity of peritraumatic dissociation increased one point in the PDEQ, the chance of having at least one symptom in the PCL-C increased 22% (OR = 1.22). Conclusions: Our findings highlight the need to expand investigation on the incidence and impact of PTI on the mental health of police officers. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/physiology , Leukemia/pathology , Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics , Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology , Oncogenes , Repressor Proteins/physiology , Apoptosis , Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics , Flow Cytometry , Leukemia/genetics , Leukemia/metabolism , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Repressor Proteins/genetics
5.
Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (Impr.) ; 40(6): 211-214, 2013. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-697410

ABSTRACT

CONTEXTO: Os acidentes rodoviários são acontecimentos potencialmente traumáticos que podem originar transtornos psicológicos, designadamente transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT). Os estudos são controversos quanto ao poder preditivo da dissociação peritraumática e os sintomas de transtorno de estresse agudo (TEA) para predizer TEPT, mas referem que as mulheres reportam mais sintomas de transtorno pós-exposição traumática. OBJETIVO: Analisar o contributo da dissociação peritraumática, dos sintomas de TEA e do gênero para predizer TEPT quatro meses após o acidente. MÉTODO: Cento e vinte e quatro homens e mulheres, vítimas de acidentes graves, avaliados no hospital (t1) e reavaliados quatro meses depois (t2). RESULTADOS: Entre os participantes, 64,5% apresentam TEA (t1) e 58,9%, TEPT (t2). Os sintomas de dissociação peritraumática e TEA correlacionam-se positivamente com os sintomas de TEPT. As mulheres reportam mais dissociação peritraumática, TEA e TEPT. A dissociação peritraumática, o TEA e o gênero (feminino) explicam 26,8% da variância de TEPT, sendo o contributo do gênero marginalmente significativo. CONCLUSÕES: O número de vítimas com sintomas de TEPT após acidente grave é elevado e os sintomas peritraumáticos são preditores de TEPT, sugerindo a necessidade de considerar os sintomas iniciais na prevenção de transtorno posterior.


BACKGROUND: Motor vehicle accidents (MVA) are traumatic experiences that are related to psychological disorders as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Peritraumatic dissociation and acute stress disorder (ASD) have been studied as predictors of PTSD. Studies have also found that women report more psychological symptoms after traumatic experiences than do men. OBJECTIVE: Analyze the explanatory contribution of peritraumatic dissociative experiences, ASD symptoms and gender toward the subsequent development of PTSD. METHOD: One hundred twenty-four male and female victims of serious MVA were evaluated at the hospital (t1) and four months after the MVA (t2). Participants completed a peritraumatic dissociative experiences questionnaire (PDEQ) (t1), a questionnaire used to evaluate ASD (SASRQ) (t1) and a traumatic event scale (RTES) used to evaluate PTSD (t2). RESULTS: Of the studied population, 64.5% report ASD (t1) and 58.9% report PTSD (t2). Peritraumatic dissociation and ASD symptoms are positively correlated with PTSD symptoms. Females report more peritraumatic dissociation, ASD and PTSD than do males. Peritraumatic dissociation, ASD and gender (female) explain 26.8% of the observed variance in PTSD symptoms (t2), with gender contributing only marginally to the model. DISCUSSION: A high rate of MVA victims report PTSD, and peritraumatic responses predict the subsequent development of PTSD, suggesting the need to consider these predictors in methods for the prevention of psychopathology.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Accidents, Traffic , Portugal , Dissociative Disorders
6.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 33(4): 362-366, Dec. 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-609103

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Exposure to traumatic events is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Pretrauma, peritrauma and posttrauma factors interact to impact on symptom severity. The aim of the present study is to determine risk factors for PTSD symptoms in Brazilian police officers. METHOD: In a cross-sectional sample of active duty officers (n = 212), participants were asked to complete a socio-demographic questionnaire and self-report scales on affective traits, cumulative critical incident exposure, peritraumatic distress and dissociation, PTSD symptoms, and social support. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to examine predictors of PTSD symptoms. RESULTS: Variables related to negative affect, job duration, frequency of critical incident exposure, peritraumatic dissociation, and lack of social support remained significant in the final model and explained 55 percent of the variance in PTSD symptoms. When interaction terms were evaluated, a synergistic effect between negative affect and peritraumatic dissociation was found. CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors found in this study provide clues on how to elaborate primary prevention strategies regarding PTSD symptoms in police officers. Such initiatives may lessen the impact of repeated exposure to traumatic events on police officers over the course of their careers.


INTRODUÇÃO: A exposição a eventos traumáticos é uma condição necessária, porém não única, para o desenvolvimento de transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT). Fatores individuais pré, peri e pós-trauma exercem impacto sobre a gravidade dos sintomas. O objetivo do presente estudo é determinar os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de sintomas de TEPT em policiais brasileiros. MÉTODO: Uma amostra transversal de policiais em atividade (n = 212) foi convidada a responder um questionário sóciodemográfico e escalas autoaplicáveis sobre afeto positivo e negativo, frequência de incidentes críticos, sofrimento e dissociação peritraumáticos, sintomas de TEPT e apoio social. Regressão linear hierárquica foi utilizada para avaliar fatores de risco. RESULTADOS: Afeto negativo, tempo de trabalho, frequência de exposição a eventos traumáticos, dissociação peritraumática e apoio social diminuído permaneceram no modelo final e explicaram 55 por cento das variações dos sintomas de TEPT. Foi observado efeito sinérgico entre dissociação peritraumática e afeto negativo. CONCLUSÃO: Baseados nos achados os autores discutem estratégias de prevenção que visam diminuir o impacto da exposição a eventos traumáticos em policiais ao longo de suas carreiras.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Dissociative Disorders/psychology , Police , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Brazil , Epidemiologic Methods , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Surveys and Questionnaires , Socioeconomic Factors , Urban Population
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