ABSTRACT
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. So far, three PPAR isotypes (PPARα, PPARβ/δ and PPARγ) have been identified, PPARα and PPARγ agonists have been used in clinic for treatment of hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus, respectively. Meanwhile, candidates targeting PPARβ/δ have entered the clinical study. However, some pre-clinical and clinical studies have indicated that some agonists of PPARα/γ and PPARβ/δ can induce various tumors in mice, and PPARγ agonist pioglitazone may enhance the bladder cancer risk in humans. Therefore, the role of PPAR agonists in tumorigenesis has aroused much attention. This review mainly focuses on the progress in PPARα and PPARγ agonists in tumors, aiming to provide more information for the safe medication and further development of PPAR agonists.
ABSTRACT
Although glucose-lowering treatment shows some risk lowering effects in cardiovascular diseases, risks of macrovascular and microvascular complications have still remained, and development of new therapeutic strategies is needed. Recent data have shown that peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of lipid homeostasis, fatty acid oxidation, cellular differentiation, and immune response such as inflammation or vascularization related to diabetic complication. This review will re-examine the metabolic role of PPAR-alpha, summarize data from clinical studies on the effect of PPAR-alpha agonist in diabetes, and will discuss the possible therapeutic role of PPAR-alpha activation.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases , Diabetes Complications , Fibric Acids , Homeostasis , Inflammation , PPAR alphaABSTRACT
Although glucose-lowering treatment shows some risk lowering effects in cardiovascular diseases, risks of macrovascular and microvascular complications have still remained, and development of new therapeutic strategies is needed. Recent data have shown that peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of lipid homeostasis, fatty acid oxidation, cellular differentiation, and immune response such as inflammation or vascularization related to diabetic complication. This review will re-examine the metabolic role of PPAR-alpha, summarize data from clinical studies on the effect of PPAR-alpha agonist in diabetes, and will discuss the possible therapeutic role of PPAR-alpha activation.