Subjetivar-se em situação de violência: a violência de estado e a criminalidade na vida dos adolescentes da periferia autores de atos infracionais / Becoming subjects in a context of violence: state violence and criminality in the lives of adolescent offenders from the periphery / Subjetivación en situación de violencia: la violencia del estado y la criminalidad en la vida de los adolescentes de la periferia autores de actos infraccionales

Na pesquisa em questão, relaciona-se a violência de Estado com a criminalidade na vida dos adolescentes da periferia autores de atos infracionais, partindo do viés da Psicologia Social. Abordando a historicidade das violências estruturais no Brasil, enquanto configuração de um Estado democrático de exceção permanente - pela implementação de um projeto necropolítico -, o trabalho baseou-se em quatro eixos teóricos principais: a violência de Estado, a necropolítica, o racismo estrutural e os adolescentes autores de atos infracionais. Para pensar os efeitos psicossociais da segregação, da violência, do racismo e da criminalização da pobreza na construção da subjetividade dos adolescentes autores de atos infracionais, o trabalho teve como método a análise do livro "Memórias de um Sobrevivente", de Luiz Alberto Mendes. As discussões abrangem o crime enquanto status e visibilidade; as análises de uma vida imersa em violência generalizada; e as torturas policiais em relação com a violência por vingança. Conclui-se que os estigmas aprisionam o sujeito em crenças de que ele só tem capacidade de ser o "marginal esperado", quem reage violentamente como efeito psicossocial de uma violência estrutural que produz sujeitos agressivos. Assim, a criação de novas práticas de atuação em psicologia nas situações sociais críticas se faz imprescindível e urgente. (AU)

In the research at hand, we explore the relationship between State violence and criminality in the lives of adolescents residing in marginalized commu-nities who have committed delinquent acts, from the perspective of Social Psychology. Addressing the historical context of structural violence in Brazil as a manifestation of a democratic state of permanent exception - through the implementation of a necropolitical agenda - this study is founded on four primary theoretical pillars: State violence, necropolitics, structural racism, and adolescent offenders. To contemplate the psychosocial repercussions of segregation, violence, racism, and the criminalization of poverty in the formation of the subjectivity of adolescent delinquents, this work employs the analysis of the book "Memórias de um Sobrevivente" by Luiz Alberto Mendes as its methodology. Discussions encompass the concept of crime as a social status and its visibility; analyses of a life deeply entrenched in pervasive violence; and police brutality within the context of retaliatory violence. Our conclusion asserts that the societal stigmas ensnare these adolescents, confining them to the belief that they are destined to be the "expected delinquent," predisposed to react violently as a psychosocial response to the structural violence that fosters aggressive behaviors. Consequently, the development of novel psychological interventions in critical social contexts is both imperative and urgent. (AU)

En la investigación en cuestión, la violencia estatal está relacionada con la criminalidad en la vida de los adolescentes de la periferia que cometieron delitos, por la perspectiva de la Psicología Social. Abordando la historicidad de la violencia estructural, en Brasil, como una configuración de un estado democrático de excepción permanente - a través de la implementación de un proyecto necropolítico. El trabajo se basó en cuatro ejes teóricos: la violencia de Estado, necropolítica, racismo estructural y adolescentes autores de actos infraccionales. Para reflexionar sobre los efectos psicosociales de la segregación, violencia, racismo y criminalización de la pobreza en la construcción de la subjetividad de los adolescentes en conflicto con la ley, fue utilizado el análisis del libro "Memórias de um Sobrevivente", de Luiz Alberto Mendes. Los debates abarcan el crimen como estatus y visibilidad; análisis de una vida inmersa en la violencia generalizada; y tortura policial en relación con la violencia por venganza. Se concluye que los estigmas aprisionan al sujeto en creencias de que solo tiene la capacidad de ser el "marginal esperado", que reacciona violentamente como efecto psicosocial de una violencia estructural que produce sujetos agresivos. Así, la creación de nuevas prácticas en psicología en situaciones sociales críticas es fundamental y urgente. (AU)

Abuso sexual contra niños, niñas y adolescentes en Lima, Perú: una aproximación general a los patrones de personalidad, características sociodemográficas y el riesgo de violencia de los perpetradores / Sexual abuse of children and adolescents in Lima, Peru: an overview of personality patterns, socio-demographic characteristics and perpetrators' risk of violence / Abuso sexual de crianças e adolescentes em Lima, Peru: uma visão geral dos padrões de personalidade, características sociodemográficas e risco de violência por parte dos perpetradores

El riesgo de abuso sexual contra niños, niñas y adolescentes es un problema generalizado de salud pública y de derechos humanos que enfrentan todos los países. Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar si las características sociodemográficas, el riesgo de violencia y los patrones de personalidad del perpetrador podrían predecir futuros episodios de abuso sexual infantil. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal-correlacional en 32 personas privadas de la libertad (PPL) en un establecimiento penitenciario en Lima, Perú. Se utilizó la Ficha Sociodemográfica, el Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon II y la Guía de Valoración del Riesgo de Violencia. Los participantes tenían una edad promedio de 41,5 ± 8,50 años; la mayoría mantenía una relación: convivientes (31,3%) y casados (21,9%); y tiene secundaria completa (56,3%). Los trastornos de personalidad predominantes fue-ron el dependiente (56,3%) y el compulsivo (84,4%). El 79% presentó riesgo moderado de violencia futura. Existen correlaciones modera-das y fuertes entre las variables de estudio; y la regresión logística multivariada reveló que la edad y algunos trastornos de personalidad podrían ser predictores del riesgo de abuso sexual infantil. Estos hallazgos son de utilidad para realizar perfiles delictivos de futuros agresores o reincidentes; y contribuyen al diseño de programas de prevención y tratamiento.

The risk of sexual abuse against children and adolescents is a widespread public health and human rights problem facing all countries. This study aims to determine whether socio-demographic characteristics, risk of violence and personality patterns of the perpetrator could predict future episodes of child sexual abuse. A descriptive cross-sectional-correlational study was conducted in 32 persons deprived of liberty (PPL) in a penitentiary establishment in Lima, Peru. The Sociodemographic Form, the Millon's Multiaxial Clinical Inventory II and the Violence Risk Assessment Guide were used. Participants had an average age of 41.5 ± 8.50 years; most were in a relationship: cohabiting (31.3%) and married (21.9%); and had completed secondary school (56.3%). The predominant personality disorders were dependent (56.3%) and compulsive (84.4%). Seventy-nine per cent were at moderate risk of future violence. There are moderate and strong correlations between the study variables; and multivariate logistic regression revealed that age and some personality disorders could be predictors of child sexual abuse risk. These findings are useful for criminal profiling of future offenders or repeat offenders; and contribute to the design of prevention and treatment programmes.

O risco de abuso sexual contra crianças e adolescentes é um problema generalizado de saúde pública e de direitos humanos enfrentado por todos os países. Este estudo visa determinar se as características sociodemográficas, o risco de violência e os padrões de personalidade do perpe-trador poderiam prever futuros episódios de abuso sexual infantil. Um estudo descritivo de corte transversal foi realizado em 32 pessoas privadas de liberdade (PPL) em um estabelecimento pe-nitenciário em Lima, Peru. Foram utilizados o Formulário Sociodemográfico, o Inventário Clínico Multiaxial II da Millon e o Guia de Avaliação de Risco de Violência. Os participantes tinham uma idade média de 41,5 ± 8,50 anos; a maioria estava em uma relação: coabitada (31,3%) e casada (21,9%); e tinha concluído o ensino médio (56,3%). Os distúrbios de personalidade predominantes eram dependentes (56,3%) e compulsivos (84,4%). Setenta e nove por cento estavam em risco moderado de violência futura. Há correlações moderadas e fortes entre as variáveis do estudo; e a regressão logística multivariada revelou que a idade e alguns distúrbios de personalidade poderiam ser preditores do risco de abuso sexual infantil. Estas descobertas são úteis para a caracterização criminal de futuros infratores ou reincidentes; e contribuem para a concepção de programas de prevenção e tratamento.

Perfil dos parceiros íntimos de violência doméstica: uma expressão da questão social brasileira / Profile of Intimate Partners in Domestic Violence: an expression of the Brazilian social issue

Resumo: Este artigo pesquisa características dos parceiros íntimos que praticam violência doméstica contra a mulher. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo sobre o perfil socioeconômico de homens autores de VPI no ano de 2017, através de dados do Núcleo de Atendimento a Vítimas de Violências da cidade de Canoas. Iniciativas para reduzir a violência do parceiro requerem mudanças culturais, compromisso dos governos, conscientização da sociedade, e a identificação da ocorrência de VPI pelos órgãos responsáveis.

Abstract: Aiming to investigate the characterization of intimate partnerts who commit domestic violence (IPV) against women, a descriptive study was conducted about the sociodemographic profile of men authors of IPV during the year of 2017, using data provided by a care center for victims of violence located in the Great Porto Alegre. This kind of measure requires the commitment and the view of the community, the local government and the civil society and, especially, it requires that health professionals identify the occurrence of IPV.

A perpetração dos comportamentos antissociais em jovens cabo-verdianos: um estudo preditivo / The perpetration of antisocial behaviours in young cape verdean: a predictive study

Resumo Em Cabo-Verde, desde finais dos anos 90 tem-se assistido a um aumento crescente dos comportamentos antissociais cometidos por jovens com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 21 anos. Todavia, o conhecimento acerca dos fatores que estão na génese e manutenção de tais comportamentos revela-se, ainda, incipiente. Neste estudo procurou-se identificar os fatores que predizem comportamentos antissociais auto relatados, recorrendo-se, para o efeito, aoInternational Self-Report DelinquencyStudy (ISRD-3). A amostra foi constituída por 535 alunos de ambos os sexos a frequentar o ensino público secundário em Cabo Verde, sendo 284 (53%) do sexo feminino e 247 (46.25%) do sexo masculino. A idade dos jovens varia entre os 13 e os 21 anos, tendo uma média de idade de 16.66 e um desvio padrão de 2.04. Os resultados indicam que o sexo é um forte preditor da perpetração de comportamentos antissociais, sendo que indivíduos do sexo masculino revelam maior probabilidade de envolvimento em comportamentos antissociais. Os adolescentes com menos atitudes antissociais são também aqueles com menor probabilidade de se envolverem em comportamentos antisociais. Da mesma forma, e ainda que apenas se revele marginalmente significativa, os adolescentes que relatam maior envolvimento em atividades antissociais evidenciam uma maior probabilidade de se envolverem em atividades de ocupação dos tempos livres disruptivas. Estes resultados são analisados em termos das suas implicações para a prevenção da delinquência.

Abstract In Cape Verde, since the end of the 1990s years there has been a significant increase of antisocial behaviors committed by young people (aged 12 and 21). Nevertheless, knowledge of factors that lie at the origin and maintenance of such behaviors still reveals incident or are still at an early stage. In this study, we tried to identify possible risk factors that forecast antisocial behaviour, self-reported by using, for this purpose, the International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD-3).The sample consisted of 535 students from both sexes attending public secondary education in Cape Verde, of which 284 (53%) were females and 247 (46.25%) males. The age of young people varies between 13 and 21 years, having an average age of 16.66 and a standard deviation of 2.04. The results indicate that sex is a strong predictor of perpetration of antisocial behaviors, given that males show greater probability of engaging in antisocial behaviors. Teenagers with less antisocial attitudes are also those with less probability to engage in antisocial behaviors. Likewise, and even if only reveals marginally significant, adolescents who report major involvement in antisocial activities highlights a greater probability to engage in disruptive hobby activities. These results are analyzed in terms of their implications for the prevention of delinquency.

El acoso psicológico laboral desde la mirada de un perpetrador: un estudio de caso / Assédio moral no trabalho a partir da perspectiva de um autor: um estudo de caso / The mobbing at workplace from perpetrator's point of view: a case study / Harcèlement au travail du point de vue d'un auteur: une étude de cas

Se realizó una investigación de corte cualitativo y orientación fenomenológica, con el propósito de conocer las autopercepciones de una presunta perpetradora de acoso psicológico en el trabajo. El tipo de estudio fue el análisis de un caso y la selección de la participante se logró por muestreo de oportunidad. La información fue obtenida a través de la técnica de la entrevista en profundidad y los datos fueron registrados y analizados bajo el método fenomenológico para conocer cómo la participante se percibía a sí misma en su rol de perpetradora de acoso psicológico en el trabajo. Se construyó una explicación de las categorías emergentes de las experiencias y vivencias de la entrevistada, con base en la interpretación fenomenológica para el establecimiento de sentido y significado a la información proporcionada. Los hallazgos obtenidos muestran la preparación, escenificación, deliberación, intencionalidad de dañar y abuso de la perpetradora en la comisión de comportamientos típicos de acoso psicológico. Asimismo, los datos sugirieron la presencia de un trastorno de la personalidad del tipo paranoide y antisocial en la perpetradora. También se identificó el uso de un puesto de representación sindical para bloquear el desarrollo profesional de su víctima dentro de la institución. Se recomienda la realización de estudios cualitativos en los que participen todos los actores involucrados en el proceso del acoso psicológico en el trabajo (perpetradores, víctimas y testigos).

Nousavons mené une recherchequalitative et de l'orientationphénoménologique, afin de connaître les auto-perceptions des d'unauteurprésumé de harcèlementautravail.Le typed'étudeétaitl'analysed'un cas et en sélectionnantl'échantillon des participants a étéobtenu par opportunité.L'information a étéobtenue par la technique de la entrevues en profondeur et les donnéesontétéenregistrées et analyséesdans la méthodephénoménologique de la façondont le participant se perçoitdans son rôle en tantqu'auteur de harcèlementautravail.Il a étéconstruit une explication des catégoriesémergentes de sens à partir des expériencesbasées sur l'interprétationphénoménologique de la mise en place de la signification et l'importance de l'informationfournie.Les résultatsmontrent la préparation, la mise en scène, la délibération, l'intention de nuire et l'abus de l'auteurdans la commission de comportementstypiquesde harcèlement. En outre, les donnéessuggèrent la présenced'untrouble de la personnalitéantisociale et de typeparanoïdedans le harceleuse.Nousavonsaussiidentifiél'utilisation de la représentationsyndicale à bloquer le développementprofessionnel de la victime ausein de l'institution. Ilestrecommandé que les étudesqualitativesimpliquanttoutes les partiesprenantesdans le processus de harcèlementpsychologiqueautravail [auteurs, victimes et des témoins].

Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa e de orientação fenomenológica a fim de conhecer as autopercepções de uma autora de assédio moral no trabalho. O tipo de estudo foi análise de caso e a seleção da amostra participante se deu por oportunidade. As informações foram obtidas através da técnica de entrevistas em profundidade e os dados foram registrados e analisados a partir do método fenomenológico, para se conhecer como o participante se percebe em seu papel de autor do assédio moral no trabalho. Construiu-se uma explicação das categorias emergentes a partir das experiências e vivências do entrevistado, com base na interpretação fenomenológica para a criação de sentido e significado às informações fornecidas. Os achados mostram a preparação, o estadiamento, a deliberação, a intenção de prejudicar e o abuso do autor na prática de comportamentos típicos de assédio moral no trabalho. Além disso, os dados sugerem a presença de um transtorno de personalidade antissocial e do tipo paranoico no agressor. Também foi identificado o uso de representação sindical para bloquear o desenvolvimento profissional da vítima dentro da instituição. Recomenda-se a realização de estudos qualitativos envolvendo todos os intervenientes no processo de assédio moral no trabalho (agressores, vítimas e testemunhas).

We conducted a qualitative research with phenomenological orientation.The purpose was to know the self-perceptions of an alleged perpetrator of mobbingat work. The type of study was the analysis of a case and the participant was selected by opportunity sampling. The information was obtained through the technique of in-depth interviews and data were analyzed by the phenomenological method for know how the participant perceived herself in her role as perpetrator of mobbing at work. It was built a categories scheme from the interviewed experiences based on phenomenological interpretation. The aim was the establishment of sense and significance of information provided. The findings show the preparation, staging, deliberation, intent to harm and abuse of the perpetrator in the commission of typical mobbing behaviors. Furthermore, the data suggest the presence of a personality disorder and antisocial paranoid type in the mobbing perpetrator. We also identified the use of union representation power to obstruct the victim's professional development within the institution. It is recommended qualitative studies with involving all actors in the process of mobbing at work [perpetrators, victims and witnesses].

Reconocimiento y uso de tácticas de coerción sexual en hombres y mujeres en el contexto de relaciones heterosexuales: Un estudio en estudiantes universitarios / Recognition and use of sexual coercion tactics in men and women in the context of heterosexual relations a study of university students

Violence is a problem gone through by people in one way or another because of the great amount of manifestations in which it is presented. Sexual violence constitutes one of those ways. At the present time, sexual violence is considered a high-priority problem of public health and of human rights; this type of violence is presented in a continuum that goes from groping to forced sexual relationships. Most of the people associate sexual violence with its extreme form which is rape, but, what does it happen with that type of violence where subtlety or persuasions are involved in order to obtain a sexual relationship? This kind of violence is denominated sexual coercion, and it is defined as the use of any type of physical or emotional pressure used by a person to impose on another one acts of sexual order in the context of a heterosexual encounter of mutual agreement to go out together, to get to know themselves, or to have a romantic or erotic relationship, or a more formal relationship such as the courtship. Sexual coercion is a phenomenon mainly studied in heterosexual and student populations and by means of the theory of sexual scripts is one of the forms adopted by it that have been theoretically tackled with. Sexual scripts are all those structural blocks of knowledge information processing where concepts, categories and relationships based on social experience are gathered and which indicate how heterosexual sexual relationships are to be. The vast majority of the studies on sexual coercion have provided enough evidence on the fact that men are the main perpetrators and women are mostly the injured victims. In developing countries, such as Mexico, several studies show that young men frequently feel with the right, precisely for the fact of being men, to have sexual relationships with young women. For this reason, it is understandable that young women's sexual activity is mostly stigmatized, what can contribute to the acceptance of sexual coercion within the intimate couple relationships as a more <> behavior and socially accepted. For this reason, although men can in some moment be sexually constrained and women can exert coercion, the meaning of the fact can be different and, besides, behaviors that are carried out to obtain the wanted sexual behavior themselves also differ between men and women. Tactics constitutes a clear example on the difference between men and women in the act of coercion. Some international studies have identified, in general terms, two types of sexual coercion tactics: indirect and the direct ones. The indirect tactics are strategies in which the person hides his/her sexual purpose. The direct tactics are strategies where the person openly uses physical or psychological force to compel the other one to get involved in certain sexual activity. In Mexico there are not studies about sexual coercion in non formal relationships of heterosexual couples. Because of the above-mentioned, the present work objectives were to know the frequency and type of sexual coercion tactics in men and women university students. Methods and material Three hundred and twenty students were interviewed, 49.7% of them were men and 50.3% women, and the average individual age was of 21 years. The sample was a non random one and the study was of exploratory type. A questionnaire ad hoc of open questions was elaborated, which made inquiries on the tactics used by men and women to press people of another sex to have a sexual relationship. Personal experiences of sexual coercion were also investigated. The application of the instrument was carried out in a group way and its length was around 45 minutes. Open questions were analyzed through the search of thematic units and categories. The contents analysis was used and later transformed into cases count in order to make the corresponding statistical analysis. Result About the experience of sexual coercion, 33.4% of the total sample mentioned that he/she had been victim of sexual coercion. Women (56.1 %) reported being mainly victims of sexual coercion contrary to the men (43.9%), when carrying out an X² statistics there were not significant differences, in statistical terms, between men and women. Nine point four percent of the total sample mentioned that he/she had exerted sexual coercion toward his/her couple. Men (83.3%) reported to have mainly exerted sexual coercion toward their couple contrary to women (16.7%). When carrying out an X² statistics a significant difference, in statistical terms, between men and women was found [X²=16.21, (gl =320/1) p = .000]. Regarding the frequency of the different tactics used by men, men and women reported that the indirect tactics are the most used by men to press women to have sexual relationships. Among the indirect tactics there were found the blackmail, the <>, the verbal deceits, etc. On the other hand, the direct tactics such as threats of physical violence, use of physical violence, insistent petting, etc., were less used by men. Regarding sexual coercion tactics used by women, men and women who participated in the sample, mentioned that direct tactics are more used by women to press a man to have sexual relationships. Within this kind of tactics there were found sexual advances using the body, use of physical violence, use of verbal violence, etc. With respect to the indirect tactics, there were verbal deceits, blackmail, psychological threats, among others. Discussion This research is barely an exploratory study, non representative, but we consider that it makes a contribution of descriptive type to the understanding of sexual coercion in heterosexual relationships when considering both men as women. As it is observed in the results about the experience of sexual coercion, in general terms, such as it is shown in other studies, women were the main victims of sexual coercion, although some men reported being victims, there were no significant difference. Besides, as in other studies, men were those who mostly reported to exert sexual coercion contrary to women, being differences significant in statistical terms. Regarding the tactics used by men in order to coerce their couple, men and women who participated in the sample recognized the indirect tactics as the most used ones, which is in agreement with the outcomes found in other studies. What makes these results interesting is the fact that women recognize in a more open and significant way, that the way a man exerts coercion to a woman is by means of an indirect tactics. These results are much related with the sexual scripts where the man has to gain a sexual access to the woman. With regard to sexual coercion tactics used by women, the direct ones are outstanding, that is to say, those in which woman openly uses the physical, psychological or economic force to press a man to have sexual relationships. The studies about domestic violence state, on the whole, that violence is more exerted by men toward women than the opposite case. Nevertheless, there are also studies about domestic violence which state that women are as aggressive as men. These studies have been questioned and at the moment the debate persists about the findings, because although women use physical violence, it is important to wonder about the intensity of the blow or if the physical violence is rather a defensive answer. The results of this study show the relevance of knowing more about this phenomenon, since many of the subjects in this study are not able to identify any event of sexual coercion in their relationship, reason for which it will be necessary to search what is happening in Mexico on this matter and to even go into the topic of youth's relationships, in particular, the heterosexual ones and the scripts that regulate this relationship, in order to be able of creating better prevention programs guided to eliminate domestic violence to obtain a better mental, sexual and reproductive health.

La violencia es un problema que nos afecta a todas las personas de una u otra manera por la gran cantidad de manifestaciones en las que se presenta. Una de esas formas es la violencia sexual. En la actualidad ésta es considerada un problema prioritario de salud pública y de derechos humanos y se presenta en un continuo que va desde el manoseo hasta las relaciones sexuales forzadas. Una de las formas de este tipo de violencia es la coerción sexual que se define como el uso de cualquier tipo de presión física o emocional que es utilizada por una persona para imponer actos de orden sexual sobre otra en el contexto de un encuentro heterosexual de mutuo acuerdo para salir juntas, para conocerse o sostener una relación romántica o erótica, o en una relación más formal como el noviazgo. La coerción sexual ha sido abordada teóricamente a través de la teoría de los guiones sexuales o scripts. Aunque hombres y mujeres pueden sufrir este tipo de violencia, la gran mayoría de los estudios sobre coerción sexual han evidenciado que los hombres son los principales perpetradores y las mujeres, las víctimas. Un claro ejemplo sobre la diferencia entre hombres y mujeres en la forma de coercionar son las tácticas. Por lo anterior, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivos conocer la frecuencia y tipo de tácticas de coerción sexual en hombres y mujeres universitarios. Material y métodos Se entrevistaron a 320 estudiantes, un 49.7% de los sujetos fueron hombres y 50.3% mujeres, la media de edad fue de 21 años. La muestra fue no probabilística y el estudio fue de tipo exploratorio. Se elaboró un cuestionario ad hoc de preguntas abiertas, las cuales indagan sobre las tácticas utilizadas por hombres y mujeres para presionar a personas de otro sexo a tener una relación sexual; también se indagó sobre las experiencias personales de coerción sexual. La aplicación del instrumento se realizó de manera grupal con una duración aproximada de 45 minutos. Las preguntas abiertas fueron analizadas a través de la búsqueda de unidades temáticas y categorías. Se utilizó el análisis de contenido y después se transformó en conteo de casos para hacer el análisis estadístico correspondiente. Resultados Sobre la experiencia de coerción sexual, un 33.4% de la muestra total menciona que ha sido víctima de ella. Un 9.4% de la muestra total menciona que ha ejercido coerción sexual hacia su pareja; al realizar una X² se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre hombres y mujeres [X² =16.21, (gl = 320/1) p = .000]. En cuanto a la frecuencia de las diferentes tácticas utilizadas por los hombres, los y las participantes reportan que las tácticas indirectas son más utilizadas por éstos, mientras que las mujeres utilizan más las tácticas directas. Discusión: Como se observa en los resultados, en general, al igual que en otros estudios, las mujeres son las principales víctimas de coerción sexual y los hombres quienes la ejercen. Los resultados de este estudio evidencian la importancia de conocer más sobre este fenómeno ya que muchos de los sujetos en este estudio no fueron capaces de identificar algún evento de coerción sexual en su relación, por lo que habrá que profundizar mucho más en el tema de las relaciones de pareja de los jóvenes, en particular en la heterosexualidad, y los guiones que la norman, para poder crear cada vez mejores programas de prevención encaminados a eliminar la violencia en las relaciones de pareja y para obtener una mejor salud mental, sexual y reproductiva.