Incidence of hepatitis A and hepatitis E viruses and norovirus and rotavirus in fish and shrimp samples caught from the Persian Gulf / [Incidência de vírus da hepatite A e hepatite E e norovírus e rotavírus em amostras de peixes e camarões capturados no Golfo Pérsico]

Foodborne viruses including hepatitis A virus (HAV), norovirus (NoV), rotavirus (RoV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are easily transmitted through contaminated seafoods. The current research was done to assess the incidence of RoV, NoV GI and GII,hAV and hEV in fish and shrimp samples caught from the Persian Gulf, Iran. Three-hundred and twenty fish and shrimp samples were collected. The presence of foodborne viruses were assessed by the real-time PCR. Forty-nine out of 320 (15.31%) fish and shrimp samples were positive for foodborne viruses. Distribution of hAV, NoV GI and NoV GII amongst all studied samples were 0.93%, 5.93% and 8.43%, respectively. hEV and RoV viruses were not found in studied samples. Parastromateus niger and Scomberomorus commerson fish and Penaeus monodon shrimp were the most frequently contaminated samples. Simultaneous incidence of hAV and NoV GI and hAV and NoV GII were 0.31% and 0.93%, respectively. Distribution of foodborne viruses in samples collected through spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons were 14.28%, 9.33%, 11.76% and 24.44%, respectively. Findings revealed that the incidence of foodborne viruses was significantly associated with seafood species and also season of sampling.(AU)

Vírus transmitidos por alimentos, incluindo hepatite A (HAV), norovírus (NoV), rotavírus (RoV) e hepatite E (HEV) são facilmente transmitidos através de frutos do mar contaminados. Esta pesquisa foi realizada para avaliar a incidência de RoV, NoV GI e GII, hAV e hEV em amostras de peixes e camarões capturadas no Golfo Pérsico, Irã. Foram coletadas 300 amostras de peixes e camarões. A presença de vírus transmitidos por alimentos foi avaliada por PCR em tempo real. Quarenta e nove das 320 amostras de peixes e camarões (15,31%) foram positivas para vírus transmitidos por alimentos. A distribuição de hAV, NoV GI e NoV GII entre as amostras estudadas foi 0,93%, 5,93% e 8,43%, respectivamente. Os vírus hEV e RoV não foram encontrados nas amostras estudadas. Os peixes Parastromateus niger e Scomberomorus commerson e o camarão Penaeus monodon foram as amostras mais frequentemente contaminadas. A incidência simultânea de hAV e NoV GI, e hAV e NoV GII foi de 0,31% e 0,93%, respectivamente. A distribuição dos vírus transmitidos por alimentos nas amostras coletadas na primavera, verão, outono e inverno foi de 14,28%, 9,33%, 11,76% e 24,44%, respectivamente. Os resultados demonstram que a incidência de vírus transmitidos por alimentos foi significativamente associada às espécies de frutos do mar e também à época da amostragem.(AU)

The Anti-melanogenesis Activities of Some Selected Brown Macroalgae from Northern Coasts of the Persian Gulf

Abstract Melanogenesis is a biological process which led to the synthesis of melanin pigment. Abnormal melanin production results in melasma, solar lentigo, post inflammatory melanoderma, etc. In this study, we examined the potential inhibitory effects of 17 brown macroalgae from Persian Gulf on melanogenesis. The effects of various concentrations (100, 250 and 500 µg/mL) of methanolic extracts of macroalgae belonging to four genera (including: Padina, Colpomonia, Cystoseira and Sargassum) were studied on oxidation of L-Dopa by mushroom tyrosinase. Subsequently, the activity of macroalgae with high inhibitory effect on monophenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase and zebrafish was investigated using L-tyrosine as a substrate. Anti-melanogenesis effects of algae extracts were studied on zebrafish as an alternative in vivo model. Kojic acid was used as a positive control. All the tested macroalgae showed inhibitory effect on activities of diphenolase and monophenolase (of mushroom tyrosinase). P. boergesinii exhibited the most in vivo anti-tyrosinase activity compared with other samples. P. boergesenii inhibited zebrafish tyrosinase more potent than kojic acid (83% vs 50% inhibition for kojic acid). Moreover, it reduced melanin synthesis in zebrafish 42% (kojic acid: 50%).

The stinging Apidae and Vespidae (Hymenoptera：Apocrita) in Iranian islands, Qeshm, Abu-Musa, Great Tunb and Lesser Tunb on the Persian Gulf

Objective: To study the stinging flying Hymenoptera (Apidae and Vespidae) fauna in four Iranian Islands, Qeshm, Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb and Abu-Musa on the Persian Gulf.Methods:hashing from March 2011 to July 2012. The flies were captured by used of Malaise trap, fly trap, bottle trap and insect net-Results: In this study, 11 species of stinging Hymenoptera were reported for the first time in Persian Gulf region.Conclusions:Some of this species such as Vespa orientalis and Polistes olivaceus are more common in the Persian Gulf islands and can cause clinical problem to islands resident and travelers.

The stinging Apidae and Vespidae (Hymenoptera: Apocrita) in Iranian islands, Qeshm, Abu-Musa, Great Tunb and Lesser Tunb on the Persian Gulf

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the stinging flying Hymenoptera (Apidae and Vespidae) fauna in four Iranian Islands, Qeshm, Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb and Abu-Musa on the Persian Gulf.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The flies were captured by used of Malaise trap, fly trap, bottle trap and insect net-hashing from March 2011 to July 2012.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In this study, 11 species of stinging Hymenoptera were reported for the first time in Persian Gulf region.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Some of this species such as Vespa orientalis and Polistes olivaceus are more common in the Persian Gulf islands and can cause clinical problem to islands resident and travelers.</p>

Abundance of Cutlassfish Trichiurus lepturus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Bushehr Waters, Persian Gulf.

The abundance of cutlassfish was studied in the fishing grounds of Bushehr waters between May to August 2010. Stratified random sampling scheme from 40 trawl stations was used. Catch rates (catch per unit area, CPUA) and total biomass of all the samples were estimated. Mean CPUA and the total biomass of Trichiurus lepturus were estimated as 6104.6 ± 956.4 kgnm-2 and 3765.9 tonnes respectively. There was a significant difference between the mean CPUA of different depths and seasons. This study has provided the first study of biomass and CPUA in Bushehr Waters. The data collected in this study can be used as the basis for a long-term stock monitoring program in the region.

Length-Weight and Length-Girth Relationships Relative Weight and Relative Condition Factor of Four Commercial Fish Species of Northern Persian Gulf.

Length-weight and length-girth relationships (LWR and LGR), relative weight (Wr) and relative condition factor (Krel) of four commercial fish species (Lethrinus nebulosus, Carangoides talamparoides, Lutjanus argentimaculatus and Argyrops spinifer) from northern Persian Gulf (Bushehr coastal waters) were calculated. Samples were collected on monthly basis during December 2006 to June 2008 using pot nets. The LWR had a significant correlation for all species and the exponent b ranged from 2.6657 (L. nebulosus) to 2.8353 (L. argentimaculatus). All length-girth relationships also were highly significant and the exponent b ranged from 0.2776 (L. nebulosus) to 0.3591(A. spinifer). Relative weight ranged from 0.50±0.59 (C. talamparoides) to 1.02±1.35 (L. argentimaculatus). Relative condition factor also ranged from 1.01±0.17 (A. spinifer) to 1.05±0.5 (L. nebulosus). In conclusion, this study provides basic information for fishery biologists and managers in the Persian Gulf.

La enfermedad del Golfo Pérsico es todavía un enigma para la medicina militar / The Persian Gulf illness is still an enigma for military medicine

El artículo abarca un conjunto seleccionado por los autores de las publicaciones indexadas, que con respecto a eventos de salud relacionados con los veteranos de la Guerra del Golfo Pérsico permitan recopilar nuevas evidencias para una mejor comprensión de esta condición de salud, que en los momentos actuales se considera dentro de la categoría de múltiples síntomas inexplicados (MUS), conjuntamente con la fatiga crónica y la fibromialgia. Lamentablemente, las relaciones de causalidad entre factores diversos que obran en el complejo mundo patogenético y fisiopatológico que constituye la enfermedad del Golfo aún quedan por establecerse de una forma inequívoca. La evidencia clínica aún carece de un sustento repetible y, a medida que envejecen las diversas cohortes de veteranos que participaron en el evento (18 años), lógicamente se superponen hechos biológicos relacionados con el natural deterioro que impone la edad y con los recursos (fondos) para investigaciones muy costosas, que a los países participantes en esto no les interesa destinar

Present paper embrace a set - selected by the authors - of the indexing publications that regarding the health events related to Persian Gulf War veterans allow to collect new evidences for a better comprehension of this health condition, which in nowadays is considered into the category of multiple unexplained symptoms (MUS) together with the chronic fatigue and the bibromyalgia. Lamentably, the causal relations among different factors functioning in the complex pathogenetic and physiopathologic world that is the Persian Gulf illness must to be established in an unequivocal way. The clinical evidence still is lack of a repetitive support, and insofar as the different group of veterans grew old present in this event (18 years), logically there are superimposed biological facts related to the natural deterioration imposed by age and with resources (funds) used in very expensive researches in which the involved countries are not interested

Cytotoxic activity of some marine brown algae against cancer cell lines

The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro cytotoxic activity of total extract of MeOH (70 percent) and partition fractions of hexan, chloroform (CHCL3), ethylacetate (EtOAc) and MeOH-H2O of brown algae species (Sargassum swartzii, Cystoseira myrica, Colpomenia sinuosa) found in the Persian Gulf against in different cell lines including HT-29, Caco-2, T47D, MDA-MB468 and NIH 3T3 cell lines by MTT and AnnexinV-PI assay. The hexan fraction of S. swartzii and C. myrica showed selective cytotoxicity against proliferation of Caco-2 cells (IC50<100 μg/ml) T47D cell line (IC50<100 μg/ml), respectively. S. swartzii and C. myrica were also observed for increasing apoptosis in Caco-2 and T47D cells. Total extract and fractions of C. sinuosa did not show any significant cytotoxicity against the studied cell lines. MDA-MB468 cells were more sensitive to C. myrica than was T47D (IC50 99.9±8.11 vs. 56.50‘± 0.88). This reflects an estrogen receptor independent mechanism for cytotoxicity of the extract. The IC50 of the hexan fraction of C. myrica on T47D parent cells was lower than it was on T47D-TR cells (IC50 99.9±8.11 vs. 143.15 ± 7.80). This finding suggests a role for the MDR-1 in the development of possible future tolerance to the extract.

Epidemiological Researches on the Health Hazards in Veterans of United States of America / 한국역학회지

The Department of Veterans Affairs(VA) maintains some large automated databases that provide the opportunity for studying long-term health effects of military service. The Beneficiary Identification and Record Locator Subsystem(BIRLS) is an excellent source of vital status information on veterans. The VA Patient Treatment File(PTF) is a computerized hospital discharge abstract system of inpatient records, including patients' demographic data, surgical and procedural transactions, and patient movements and diagnosis. The computerized Agent Orange Registry data include veteran's name, address, some information on military service, and findings at the time of his physical examination. The US conducted 235 atmospheric nuclear tests from 1945 through 1962. Many of the 250,000 test participants were exposed to low levels of radiation. The overall average radiation dose was estimated as 0.6 rem per year. In 1976, a claim relating acute myelocytic leukemia to radiation exposure from nuclear weapon testing received extensive publicity. Several thousand "atomic veterans" have sought medical care and compensation from VA for medical conditions that they believe are related to the nuclear weapon testing. Many WWII veterans have contracted the US VA about health problems that they attribute to their exposure to mustard gas. From 1962 to 1971, 75 million liters of herbicides, including over 41 million liters of the phenoxy herbicide Agent Orange, were sprayed on almost 9% of Vietnam. Many studies have been conducted to determine the association of various cancers with military service in Vietnam. Some diseases have been compensated for Vietnam veterans. Health problems reported following the Gulf War include a wide variety of symptoms similar to those found in acute combat reaction, posttraumatic stress disorder, and chronic fatigue. Health problems associated with war have continued and in some ways intensified. Therefore, The United States developed a plan for establishing a national center for the study of war-related illnesses and post-deployment health issues.