Medical and forensic aspects of performing a remote interrogation of persons with disabilities / Aspectos médicos y forenses de la realización de un interrogatorio a distancia a personas con discapacidad / Aspectos médicos e forenses da realização de um interrogatório remoto de pessoas com deficiências

The purpose of the study is to develop new proposals for improving criminal procedural legislation in the field of conducting remote investigative actions with disabled persons, taking into account their physiological and functional characteristics. Research material and methods: This study is based on an analysis of the norms regarding the criminal procedural legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and a number of foreign states that regulate the procedure for conducting remote investigative actions - as well as scientific publications on the research topic in the field of psychology and medicine. An integrated approach involves considering the studied phenomena of communication during an investigative action as a set of interconnected and interdependent elements, i.e., consideration of the issue from the medical, psychological and legal points of view. Situational and systemic types of analysis, complex sociological analysis, diagnostics and forecasting investigative situation were also used. Methods of analysis and synthesis, induction, deduction, methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis were employed to clarify the legal essence of the studied phenomenon. Findings: practical recommendations aimed at improving and developing the performance of remote investigative actions involving persons with disabilities (further ­ FWDs) y creating optimal conditions for the transfer of verbal, medical, and psychological information, as well as technical and forensic support for conducting RIAs. The following conclusions were made: in order to improve the current legislation, it is advisable to consider the issue of developing and including a special norm in the legislation, taking into account the characteristics of the communicative competencies of persons with disabilities. This norm regulates the procedure for conducting investigative actions involving the mute, deaf, blind and other persons with disabilities.

El objetivo del estudio es elaborar nuevas propuestas de mejora de la legislación procesal penal en el ámbito de la realización de actuaciones de investigación a distancia con personas con discapacidad, teniendo en cuenta sus características fisiológicas y funcionales. Material y métodos de investigación: Este estudio se basa en un análisis de las normas relativas a la legislación procesal penal de la República de Kazajstán y de una serie de Estados extranjeros que regulan el procedimiento para llevar a cabo acciones de investigación a distancia -, así como publicaciones científicas sobre el tema de investigación en el campo de la psicología y la medicina. Un enfoque integrado implica considerar los fenómenos estudiados de comunicación durante una acción de investigación como un conjunto de elementos interconectados e interdependientes, es decir, considerar la cuestión desde los puntos de vista médico, psicológico y jurídico. También se utilizaron los tipos de análisis situacional y sistémico, el análisis sociológico complejo, el diagnóstico y la previsión de la situación de investigación. Se emplearon métodos de análisis y síntesis, inducción, deducción, métodos de análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo para aclarar la esencia jurídica del fenómeno estudiado. Conclusiones: recomendaciones prácticas destinadas a mejorar y desarrollar la realización de acciones de investigación a distancia en las que participen personas con discapacidad (en adelante - RIA) y crear condiciones óptimas para la transferencia de información verbal, médica y psicológica, así como apoyo técnico y forense para la realización de las RIA. Se llegó a las siguientes conclusiones:con el fin de mejorar la legislación actual, es aconsejable considerar la cuestión de desarrollar e incluir una norma especial en la legislación, teniendo en cuenta las características de las competencias comunicativas de las personas con discapacidad. Esta norma regula el procedimiento para llevar a cabo acciones de investigación en las que estén implicadas personas mudas, sordas, ciegas y otras personas con discapacidad.

O objetivo do estudo é desenvolver novas propostas para aprimorar a legislação processual penal no campo da realização de ações investigativas remotas com pessoas com deficiência, levando em conta suas características fisiológicas e funcionais. Material e métodos de pesquisa: Este estudo baseia-se em uma análise das normas relativas à legislação processual penal da República do Cazaquistão e de vários países estrangeiros que regulamentam o procedimento para a realização de ações investigativas remotas, bem como em publicações científicas sobre o tópico de pesquisa no campo da psicologia e da medicina. Uma abordagem integrada envolve a consideração dos fenômenos estudados de comunicação durante uma ação investigativa como um conjunto de elementos interconectados e interdependentes, ou seja, a consideração da questão dos pontos de vista médico, psicológico e jurídico. Também foram usados tipos de análise situacional e sistêmica, análise sociológica complexa, diagnóstico e previsão da situação investigativa. Métodos de análise e síntese, indução, dedução, métodos de análise qualitativa e quantitativa foram empregados para esclarecer a essência legal do fenômeno estudado. Resultados: recomendações práticas com o objetivo de aprimorar e desenvolver o desempenho de ações investigativas remotas envolvendo pessoas com deficiência (mais adiante - FWDs), criando condições ideais para a transferência de informações verbais, médicas e psicológicas, bem como suporte técnico e forense para a realização de RIAs. Foram feitas as seguintes conclusões: para aprimorar a legislação atual, é aconselhável considerar a questão do desenvolvimento e da inclusão de uma norma especial na legislação, levando em conta as características das competências comunicativas das pessoas com deficiência. Essa norma regulamenta o procedimento para conduzir ações investigativas envolvendo pessoas mudas, surdas, cegas e outras pessoas com deficiência.

Escuta, afeto e amorosidade: etnografia sobre a construção de um cuidado na rua / Listening, affection and amorousness: ethnography on the construction of care on the street / Escucha, afecto y amorosidad: etnografía sobre la construcción del cuidado en la calle

O objetivo foi identificar elementos das práticas de cuidado de duas equipes de Consultório na Rua, localizadas no município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Parte-se da ideia de que práticas de saúde devem ser construídas a partir de um habitus, defendido por Pierre Bourdieu. Esta pesquisa de cunho antropológico utilizou a etnografia como método para a apreensão dos dados e a sua análise seguiu a proposta da análise de domínio. A narrativa permeou espaços de cuidado com escuta qualificada e acolhimento, com identificação de afeto e amorosidade como elementos constituintes do cuidado à população de rua. Conclui-se que o cuidado se constrói na rua, na "horizontalidade", ao se colocar no lugar do outro, no estar junto, com acolhimento, escuta, afeto e amorosidade

The objective was to identify elements of the care practices of two Consultório na Rua teams, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It starts from the idea that health practices must be built from a habitus, defended by Pierre Bourdieu. This anthropological research used ethnography as a method for capturing data and its analysis followed the proposal of domain analysis. The narrative permeated care spaces with qualified listening and user embracement, with identification of affection and amorousness as constituent elements of care for the homeless population. It is concluded that care is built on the street, in "horizontality", in putting oneself in the other's place, in being together, with user embracement, listening, affection and amorousness

El objetivo fue identificar elementos de las prácticas de cuidado de dos equipos de Consultório na Rua, ubicados en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Se parte de la idea de que las prácticas de salud deben construirse a partir de un habitus, defendida por Pierre Bourdieu. Esta investigación antropológica utilizó la etnografía como método de captura de datos y su análisis siguió la propuesta del análisis de dominio. La narrativa permeó los espacios de atención con escucha y recepción cualificadas, con identificación del afecto y la amorosidad como elementos constitutivos de la atención a la población en situación de calle. Se concluye que el cuidado se construye en la calle, en la "horizontalidad", en ponerse en el lugar del otro, en el estar juntos, en la acogida, la escucha, el afecto y la amorosidad

Condiciones de salud bucodental en personas adultas mayores con enfermedad de Alzheimer: Scoping Review

Introducción: El aumento de la longevidad de las personas ha generado en la última etapa de vida la aparición de enfermedades de tipo multifactorial y relacionadas con el estilo de vida, aumentando la prevalencia de patologías mentales y enfermedades orales. Objetivo: Identificar las condiciones de salud oral en personas adultas mayores con enfermedad de Alzheimer. Métodos: Se planteó una revisión de la literatura tipo Scoping Review, determinando una estrategia de búsqueda para tres bases de datos (Pubmed, EbscoHost y LILACS). Fueron incluidos artículos con diseño de corte transversal, cohorte y casos y controles en idioma español, inglés y portugués entre 2011 y 2021. Se realizó la extracción y evaluación del riesgo de sesgo teniendo en cuenta los criterios de elegibilidad. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 32 artículos para revisión de texto completo y síntesis cualitativa de la información. Alemania y Estados Unidos presentan mayor cantidad de publicaciones, el sexo femenino predominó como población de estudio. Se observó menor frecuencia de cepillado, mayor cantidad de ausencias dentales en pacientes con demencia por Alzheimer y consecuentemente un mayor uso de prótesis en dicha población. Conclusiones: Es importante fortalecer la relación sistémico-oral de los adultos mayores mediante un manejo interdisciplinario entre el geriatra y el odontólogo.

Introduction. The increase in the longevity of individuals has led to the emergence of multifactorial diseases related to lifestyle during the later stages of life, thereby increasing the prevalence of mental disorders and oral diseases. Objective: To identify oral health conditions in older adults with Alzheimer's disease. Methods: A Scoping Review literature review was conducted, outlining a search strategy for three databases (Pubmed, EbscoHost, and LILACS). Articles with a cross-sectional, cohort, or case-control design published in Spanish, English, or Portuguese between 2011 and 2021 were included. Extraction and bias risk assessments were performed based on eligibility criteria. Results: Thirty-two articles were selected for full-text review and qualitative synthesis of information. Germany and the United States had the highest number of publications, with females predominating as the study population. A lower frequency of brushing, a higher number of missing teeth in Alzheimer's patients, and consequently higher use of prosthetics were observed in this population. Conclusions: It is essential to strengthening the systemic-oral relationship in older adults through interdisciplinary management involving geriatricians and dentists.

Introdução: O aumento da longevidade das pessoas tem gerado na última fase da vida o aparecimento de doenças multifatoriais e relacionadas ao estilo de vida, aumentando a prevalência de patologias mentais e doenças bucais. Objetivo: identificar as condições de saúde bucal em idosos com doença de Alzheimer. Métodos: foi realizada uma revisão de escopo da literatura, determinando uma estratégia de busca em três bancos de dados (Pubmed, EbscoHost e LILACS). Foram incluídos artigos com desenho transversal, de coorte e de caso-controle em espanhol, inglês e português entre 2011 e 2021. A extração e a avaliação do risco de viés foram realizadas levando-se em conta os critérios de elegibilidade. Resultados: Trinta e dois artigos foram selecionados para revisão do texto completo e síntese qualitativa das informações. A Alemanha e os Estados Unidos tiveram o maior número de publicações, e a população do estudo era predominantemente feminina. Observou-se menor frequência de escovação, maior número de ausencias odontológicas em pacientes com demência de Alzheimer e, consequentemente, maior uso de dentaduras nessa população. Conclusões: É importante fortalecer a relação sistêmico-oral dos idosos por meio do gerenciamento interdisciplinar entre o geriatra e o dentista.

Modelo de co-construcción intergeneracional de cápsulas comunicacionales en base a comidas tradicionales

Introducción: La valoración de las comidas tradicionales resulta esencial para mantener el patrimonio gastronómico, sin embargo, su divulgación es limitada, por lo que se requiere de estrategias comunicacionales que promuevan la difusión de las culturas inmateriales. Objetivo: Elaborar un modelo de co-construcción de cápsulas comunicacionales intergeneracionales para difundir preparaciones culinarias significativas de personas mayores. Material y métodos: El estudio se enmarca en la investigación aplicada del tipo tecnológico. Se realizó una búsqueda teórica de aspectos relevantes en el uso de cápsulas comunicacionales (videos), así como el uso de TICs en personas mayores, siguiendo los lineamentos del diseño cualitativo a través de un análisis de contenido temático. Luego se construye un modelo, que es validado por profesionales del área gerontológica, para ser aplicado en un proyecto piloto que incluyó a una diada constituida por una persona mayor y un descendiente, los que guiaron y grabaron una entrevista en profundidad focalizada. Resultados: Se co-construyeron 6 videos con preparaciones culinarias tradicionales en el que participaron 5 mujeres y 1 hombre, de las Regiones del Biobío y Metropolitana. Se siguió modelo teórico que incorporó 7 pasos para su elaboración: identificación de diada intergeneracional, capacitación, realización del video, primera edición del video, presentación del video a la diada, edición final y difusión del video en redes sociales. Conclusiones: Como estrategia para un envejecimiento saludable, la realización de un video intergeneracional con una receta preferida se visualiza como una oportunidad para entrelazar cultura, patrimonio y emociones entre los participantes y la comunidad.

Introduction: The appreciation of traditional foods is essential in the maintenance of gastronomic heritage; however, its dissemination is limited, which is why communication strategies are required to promote the dissemination of intangible cultures. Objective: To develop a model for the co-construction of intergenerational communication capsules that allow the dissemination of significant culinary preparations for the elderly. Material and methods: The study is part of an applied technological research. In order to consolidate knowledge and use it for educational purposes, a theoretical search of relevant aspects in the use of communication capsules (videos) was carried out, following the guidelines of qualitative design through thematic content analysis. Then, a model is constructed and validated by professionals from the gerontological area to be applied to a pilot project that included a dyad made up of an elderly person and a descendant, who guided and recorded an in-depth focused interview. Results: A total of 6 videos about traditional culinary preparations made by 5 women and 1 man from the Biobío and Metropolitana Regions were co-constructed. A theoretical model that incorporated 7 steps for its elaboration was followed: identification of intergenerational dyad, training, making of the video, first edition of the video, presentation of the video to the dyad, final edition, and dissemination of the video on social networks. Conclusions: As a strategy for healthy aging, making an intergenerational video with a favorite recipe is seen as an opportunity to intertwine culture, heritage and emotions between participants and the community.

Idosos privados de liberdade: "a dor deles dói mais" / Older adults deprived of liberty: "their pain hurts more"

Resumo Este ensaio consiste numa reflexão sobre encarceramento de pessoas idosas nos Estados Unidos (EUA) e no Brasil. O objetivo principal é observar em que medida a situação se coaduna e difere nos dois países, sendo que nos EUA a bibliografia sobre o tema é muito mais afluente e consolidada. Entre os estudiosos existem várias discrepâncias entre os dados e entre a visão dos autores. Porém todos convergem quanto: (1) ao aumento do número de pessoas idosas na prisão; (2) à inadequação das prisões para abrigá-los; (3) à aceleração do envelhecimento pela falta de cuidados com a saúde; (4) às vivências de comorbidades físicas, osteomusculares e mentais; e (5) aos elevados custos para tratá-los adequadamente. A maioria dos idosos presos são homens, pobres, negros e pardos e pessoas com determinados tipos de fragilidade social. Um fator positivo apontado tanto por pesquisadores brasileiros como norte-americanos é o cultivo da espiritualidade, o que ajuda as pessoas idosas presas a manterem um certo sentimento de bem-estar. Mas os idosos nas prisões exigem muitos outros cuidados e há poucas iniciativas que levam em conta as necessidades específicas desse seguimento social. Chegou a hora do Brasil enfrentar esta questão, seja por responsabilidade social seja por solidariedade humana.

Abstract This essay reflects on the incarceration of older adults in the United States (USA) and Brazil and mainly aims to observe how the situation is consistent and differs in the two countries. The bibliography on the subject is much more affluent and consolidated in the USA. Several discrepancies are noted among scholars between data and authors' views. However, they all agree regarding (1) the increased number of incarcerated older adults, (2) the inadequacy of prisons to house them, (3) the accelerated aging due to lack of healthcare, (4) the experiences of physical, musculoskeletal, and mental comorbidities, and (5) the high costs of treating them adequately. Most senior prisoners are poor Black and brown men and people with some specific social fragility. A positive factor underscored by Brazilian and North American researchers is the cultivation of spirituality, which helps older adults in prison keep some well-being. However, incarcerated older adults require much other care, and few initiatives consider the specific needs of this social group. The time has come for Brazil to face this issue, whether out of social responsibility or human solidarity.

Tratamento manipulativo osteopático em paciente com síndrome da pessoa rígida e miastenia gravis: relato de caso / Osteopathic manipulative treatment in person with stiff person syndrome and myasthenia gravis: case report

Introdução: Síndrome da Pessoa Rígida (SPR) é uma doença neurológica autoimune rara caracterizada pela rigidez e espasmos musculares episódicos dolorosos, especialmente no tronco e extremidades do corpo, gerando comprometimento funcional importante. Existe uma lacuna de conhecimento sobre os possíveis efeitos do tratamento manipulativo osteopático (TMO) nos sintomas motores de pessoas com SPR. Objetivos: Descrever os efeitos do TMO na tontura, equilíbrio e amplitude de movimento (ADM) cervical em uma pessoa com a SPR e miastenia gravis. Método: Relato de caso baseado no TMO em uma mulher com SPR e miastenia grave. As seguintes avaliações foram utilizadas: Inventário de Brazilian Version of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Fall Efficacy Scale (FES I ­ Brazil), Timed Get Up and Go Test (TUG), Teste de Sentar e Levantar 5 vezes, goniometria dos movimentos da coluna cervical. Resultados: Nenhum resultado expressivo foi obtido pela FES-I (-1,8%) e DHI (0%). Para os testes funcionais (TUG e Sentado para de pé 5 vezes) observamos melhora de 5,8% e 6,7%, respectivamente, após o tratamento. A ADM cervical melhorou substancialmente em todos os movimentos avaliados (flexão: 60%, extensão: 28%, rotação direita: 33%, rotação esquerda:38%, inclinação lateral direita: 77%, inclinação lateral esquerda: 87%). Conclusão: O TMO proposto pareceu ser importante para melhora da ADM cervical no caso relatado. Medo de quedas, impacto da tontura na qualidade de vida e funcionalidade de membros inferiores não demonstrou melhoras após o TMO.

Introduction: Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) is a rare neurological autoimmune disease characterized by stiffness and painful episodic muscle spasms, especially in the trunk and extremities of the body, causing significant functional impairment in affected individuals. There is a gap in knowledge about the possible effects of an osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) on the motor symptoms of people with SPS. Objectives: To describe the effects of an OMT on dizziness, balance deficit, and cervical range of motion (ROM) in a patient with SPS and myasthenia gravis. Methods: This is a case report on an OMT intervention in a woman with SPS and myasthenia gravis. The following assessments were used: Brazilian Version of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Fall Efficacy Scale (FES I ­ Brazil), Timed Get Up and Go Test (TUG), Stand Up Test 5 times, goniometry of cervical movements. Results: No expressive results were obtained for FES I ­ Brazil (-1.8%) and DHI (0%). For the functional tests (TUG and Sit and stand up 5x) we observed an improvement of 5.8% and 6.7%, respectively, after treatment. The cervical ROM improved substantially in all movements tested (flexion: 60%, extension: 28%, right rotation: 33%, left rotation: 38%, right side bending: 77%, left side bending: 87%). Conclusion: The proposed OMT appears to be important for the improvement of cervical ROM in this case. Fear of falls, impact of dizziness on quality of life, and lower limb functionality did not demonstrate meaningful improvements after the OMT.

Síndrome de la persona rígida asociado a timoma / Stiff person syndrome associated with thymoma

Resumen El síndrome de persona rígida es un cuadro neuro lógico infrecuente caracterizado por rigidez muscular de tronco y extremidades y espasmos musculares ga tillados por estímulos sensoriales o emocionales, que progresa hacia la postración. Cuenta con un mecanismo fisiopatogénico con base inmunológica, en el cual los autoanticuerpos, como el antiGAD65, cumplen un rol central. Asimismo, la detección de dichos anticuerpos corrobora el diagnóstico ante un paciente con cuadro clínico sugestivo. Un 4 a 6% de los casos tienen neoplasias subyacentes. El tratamiento se basa en el manejo sintomático, inmunomodulador y de la enfermedad de base en los casos paraneoplásicos. Reportamos un caso de síndrome de persona rígida clásico asociado a timoma y describimos las características principales de esta entidad.

Abstract Stiff-person syndrome is a rare neurological condi tion characterized by muscular rigidity of the trunk and extremities and muscle spasms triggered by sensory or emotional stimuli, which progresses towards prostra tion. It has a pathophysiogenic mechanism with an immunological basis, in which autoantibodies, such as antiGAD65, play a central role. Likewise, the detec tion of these antibodies corroborates the diagnosis in a patient with a suggestive clinical picture. Four to 6% of cases have underlying neoplasms. Treatment is based on symptomatic, immunomodulatory, and underlying disease management in paraneoplastic cases. We re port a case of classic stiff person syndrome associated with thymoma and review the main characteristics of this entity.

Factores que influyen en la adherencia al tratamiento de pacientes con tuberculosis: Revisión integrativa / Factors influencing adherence to treatment in patients with tuberculosis: An integrative review

El objetivo general de la investigación fue identificar los factores que influyen en la adherencia al tratamiento de pacientes con tuberculosis: Revisión integrativa. Se realizó una revisión integrativa, la cual se caracterizó por la indagación científica sobre una materia en particular a partir de la revisión del conocimiento existente. El enfoque adoptado fue el propuesto por PRISMA, el cual se basó en 27 ítems para determinar la validez de los artículos a utilizar en el desarrollo de la revisión, algunos de estos son: criterios de elegibilidad, fuentes de información, proceso de extracción de datos, certeza de la evidencia, entre otros. Se concluye que, la revisión integrativa permitió conocer que la adherencia al tratamiento de la tuberculosis es un tema que continúa siendo relevante para el personal sanitario. Su prevalencia está fuertemente anclada en países de escasos recursos, y es en estas zonas en las que afecta más gravemente.

The general objective of the research was to identify the factors that influence adherence to treatment in patients with tuberculosis: Integrative review. An integrative review was carried out, which was characterized by the scientific inquiry on a particular subject based on the review of existing knowledge. The approach adopted was the one proposed by PRISMA, which was based on 27 items to determine the validity of the articles to be used in the development of the review, some of these are: eligibility criteria, sources of information, data extraction process, certainty of the evidence, among others. It is concluded that, the integrative review allowed to know that adherence to tuberculosis treatment is an issue that continues to be relevant for health personnel. Its prevalence is strongly anchored in resource-poor countries, and it is in these areas that it affects more severely.

Stiff-Person syndrome: A rare neurological disorder

The Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is an uncommon disorder characterized by progressive rigidity, muscle stiffness, and spasm involving the axial muscles, resulting in severe impairment of ambulation. We present the case of a 49-year-old gentleman with recent onset of progressive asymmetric spastic ataxia, subsequently diagnosed with SPS.

The Traditional Indian Ocean Diet

Dietary advice forms the cornerstone in the management of cardiometabolic disease. Though various national and international guidelines suggest different macronutrient proportions, locally framed person-centric diet prescriptions are likely to have a better compliance. In this article, we propose an indigenous traditional Indian Ocean (TRIO) diet, which constitutes a similar pattern of the dietary practices followed by inhabitants of the Indian Ocean littoral region. The TRIO diet highlights on concepts of procurement, preparation, presentation, prioritization, preservation and partaking and may be a good alternative to the Mediterranean diet followed in western countries.

Atención Obstétrica Centrada en la Persona

El Código de Ética del Colegio Médico del Perú establece que la medicina es una profesión científica y humanística. La Atención Centrada en la Persona ahora es reconocida como un componente fundamental de la atención médica de calidad porque se han observado numerosos resultados beneficiosos para los pacientes, incluidos familiares y proveedores. Objetivo. Explorar los argumentos de la medicina centrada en la persona para incorporarlos a nuestra especialidad y contribuir a mejorar la atención obstétrica. Metodología. Revisión no sistemática de la literatura, con selección de 72 referencias para construir este ensayo. Resultados. A lo largo del tiempo, las mujeres han sido atendidas por otras mujeres durante el parto. Sin embargo, en los hospitales de todo el mundo, el apoyo continuo durante el trabajo de parto a menudo se ha convertido excepcional. En la actualidad, las mujeres tienen su parto en un ambiente privado sin nadie que las acompañe, situación a ser cambiada, de acuerdo con las evidencias. La OMS recomienda la atención materna respetuosa y se refiere que la atención que mantiene la dignidad, la privacidad y el secreto profesional garantiza que no se haga daño ni maltrato, y permite la elección informada y el apoyo continuo durante el trabajo de parto y el parto. Conclusión. La revisión de la bibliografía muestra que la atención obstétrica centrada en la persona mejora la salud materna y perinatal.

The Code of Ethics of the Peruvian Medical Association states that medicine is a scientific and humanistic profession. Person-Centered Care is now recognized as a fundamental component of quality medical care because numerous beneficial outcomes have been observeds for patients, family members and providers. Objective: To explore the arguments for person-centered medicine in order to incorporate it into our specialty and contribute to improving obstetric care. Methodology: Non-systematic review of the literature with selection of 72 references to construct this trial. Results: Over time, women have been attended by other women during childbirth. However, in hospitals around the world continuous support during labor has often become the exception. Currently, women deliver in a private setting with no one to accompany them, a situation to be changed, according to the evidence. The WHO recommends respectful maternity care and refers to care that maintains dignity, privacy and professional secrecy ensures freedom that no harm or abuse is done and allows informed choice and ongoing support during labor and delivery. Conclusion: The literature review shows that person-centered obstetric care improves maternal and perinatal health.

Perspectiva de Segunda Pessoa em Psicoterapia: as inovações fenomenológicas de Carl Rogers / Second Person Perspective in Psychotherapy: the phenomenological innovations of Carl Rogers

O estudo aponta e analisa as inovações clínicas e científicas de Carl Rogers introduzidas à psicoterapia. O foco está no papel da intersubjetividade, aqui entendida como perspectiva de segunda pessoa, mas sem desconsiderar as contribuições advindas das perspectivas de terceira (evidência experimental) e de primeira pessoa (vivência experiencial). O estudo argumenta que a relevância dada a intersubjetividade, a não-diretividade e a abertura à experiência testifica a confluência entre Rogers e o movimento fenomenológico. Tal confluência é realçada pela atenção ao exame dos fatos e fenômenos em múltiplas perspectivas, orientadas pela ética fenomenológica. Neste sentido, o grande equívoco das comparações entre a teoria de Rogers e a fenomenologia está em tomar como ponto de partida uma dada definição de fenomenologia, e não a vivência e a descrição de eventos fenomenais. Por fim, mostra-se como os estudos científicos de Rogers encontram ressonâncias em pesquisas fenomenológicas contemporâneas aplicadas à psicologia.

The study points out and analyzes the clinical and scientific innovations that Carl Rogers introduced to psychotherapy. The focus is on the role of intersubjectivity, here understood as a second-person perspective, but without disregarding the perspectives from third-person (experimental evidence) and first-person (experiential experience). The study argues that the relevance given to intersubjectivity, non-directivity, and openness to experience testifies to the confluence between Rogers and the phenomenological movement. Such confluence is enhanced by examining facts and phenomena from multiple perspectives, guided by phenomenological ethics. In this sense, the mistake in the comparisons between Rogers' theory and phenomenology lies in taking as a starting point given definition of phenomenology, and not the experience and description of phenomenal events. Finally, it shows how Rogers' scientific studies find resonances in contemporary phenomenological research applied to psychology.

Vulnerabilidade e envelhecimento humano, conceitos e contextos: uma revisão / Vulnerability and human aging, concepts and contexts: a review

O presente artigo trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, cujo objetivo central é discutir o conceito de vulnerabilidade e descrever os estudos acerca da temática vulnerabilidade e envelhecimento humano. Foram realizadas buscas nas plataformas CAPES, BVS e PUBMED, utilizando os descritores, vulnerability study, aged, older person, older people, durante o período de janeiro a março de 2019. Utilizou-se 27 publicações para a confecção do presente artigo, organizadas em cinco temáticas distintas: conceito de vulnerabilidade; estudos sobre percepção/significado de vulnerabilidade; estudos teóricos sobre vulnerabilidade; ferramentas e índices de vulnerabilidade; estudos empíricos de prevalência e fatores associados à vulnerabilidade. A literatura dispõe diferentes conceitos para os diferentes contextos aplicáveis à vulnerabilidade. Para o idoso, quase sempre vulnerabilidade está relacionada a incapacidades físicas e dependência. Existem diversas publicações destinadas a adaptar e validar instrumentos. Foram levantados diversos fatores associados à vulnerabilidade, dentre os quais destacaram-se a incapacidade funcional, as doenças crônicas e a depressão.(AU)

This article is an integrative literature review, whose central objective is to discuss the concept of vulnerability and describe studies on the theme of vulnerability and human aging. Searches were carried out on the CAPES, BVS, and PUBMED platforms, using the descriptors, "vulnerability study", "aged", "older person", "older people", from January to March 2019. 27 publications were used for the making of this article, organized into five different themes: the concept of vulner- ability; studies on the perception/meaning of vulnerability; theoretical studies on vulnerability; tools and vulnerability indexes; and empirical studies of prevalence and factors associated with vulnerability. Th literature provides different concepts for the different application contexts of vulnerability. For the elderly, vulnerability is almost always related to physical disabilities and dependence. There are several publications aimed at adapting and validating instruments. Several factors associated with vulnerability were raised, among which, functional disability, chronic diseases, and depression stood out.(AU)

Reivindicative occupational practices of activist with disabilities / Práticas ocupacionais reivindicativas de ativistas com deficiência

Abstract Introduction The occupational praxis of activists with disabilities in the Latin America has presented actions of revindication from historically marginalised territories. Objective To explore and describe strategies used by Chilean activist with disabilities. Method Qualitative design via three research techniques: a) 11 in-depth interviews; b) six group chat sessions; c) content analysis of eight social networks belonging to collectives of activists with disabilities in Chile. Results Activists indicate various occupations for revindication as subjects with rights. These trajectories are exemplified with the following dimensions: 1) Interpellate full social participation: demanding justice and citizenship; 2) Showing defective bodies: public mobilisations; 3) Occupying institutional space by placing: bodies in the system. Conclusion Dissident occupational practices intervene and transform the limited comprehension about what human vulnerability and fragility is capable of. This situation is mainly appreciated in the Global South.

Resumo Introdução A práxis ocupacional de ativistas com deficiência na América Latina tem apresentado ações de reivindicação de territórios historicamente marginalizados. Objetivo Explorar e descrever as estratégias utilizadas por ativistas chilenos com deficiência. Método Desenho qualitativo por meio de três técnicas de pesquisa: a) 11 entrevistas em profundidade; b) seis sessões de chat em grupo; c) análise de conteúdo de oito redes sociais pertencentes a coletivos de ativistas com deficiência no Chile. Resultados Os ativistas indicam diversas ocupações para reivindicação como sujeitos de direitos. Essas trajetórias são exemplificadas com as seguintes dimensões: 1) Interpelar a participação social plena: reivindicar justiça e cidadania; 2) Mostrar corpos defeituosos: mobilizações públicas; 3) Ocupar o espaço institucional colocando: os corpos no sistema. Conclusão Práticas ocupacionais dissidentes intervêm e transformam a compreensão limitada sobre do que é capaz a vulnerabilidade e fragilidade humana. Esta situação é apreciada principalmente no Sul Global.

Creating knowledge and actions by promoting health in aged women with osteoporosis / Crear conocimientos y acciones promoviendo la salud de ancianas con osteoporosis / Construindo saberes e fazeres mediante a promoção da saúde de mulheres idosas com osteoporose

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze how Paulo Freire's theoretical framework can contribute to understanding the awareness-raising process about aging, by promoting health and self-care in aged women with osteoporosis and considering the socioeconomic and environmental factors involved in this process. Method: a qualitative and descriptive study conducted by means of secondary analysis of data from a primary study carried out between December 2019 and February 2020, which included 25 aged women treated in a Rheumatology health unit of a university hospital. This analysis intended to return to a corpus of previously collected data, aiming to reexamine them from a new investigative angle, Paulo Freire's theoretical perspective, which served as theoretical-methodological framework. Results: the findings of this research enabled an approach to the reality of aged women with osteoporosis through a critical reflection on the practice and sensitization inherent to the human essence. This allowed revealing aspects that were hidden and driving the creation of concrete action proposals in relation to the participants' reality. Conclusion: nurses' crucial role in the assistance provided to aged women with osteoporosis was verified, as well as the efficiency of a dialogical approach that values their self-care choices and skills. As a dynamic process that involves actions, reflections and new actions, the health perception strengthens Freire's perspective in the Nursing practice as a strategy to develop diverse knowledge and actions along with aged women with osteoporosis, aiming to promote emancipating assistance based on the care ethics.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar de qué manera el referencial teórico de Paulo Freire puede ayudar a entender el proceso de concientización sobre el envejecimiento, promoviendo la salud y el autocuidado en ancianas con osteoporosis y considerando los factores socioeconómicos y ambientales implicados en este proceso. Método: estudio cualitativo y descriptivo realizado a través de análisis secundario de los datos obtenidos en un estudio primario llevado a cabo entre diciembre de 2019 y febrero de 2020 y que incluyó a 25 ancianas atendidas en una unidad de salud especializada en Reumatología de un hospital universitario. Este análisis pretendió retornar a un corpus de datos previamente recolectados, a fin de volver a examinarlos desde un nuevo ángulo de investigación, la perspectiva teórica de Paulo Freire, que sirvió como marco teórico-metodológico. Resultados: los hallazgos de este trabajo de investigación hicieron posible un acercamiento a la realidad de las ancianas con osteoporosis a través de una reflexión crítica sobre la praxis y la concientización inherentes a la esencia humana. Eso permitió revelar aspectos que estaban ocultos e impulsar la creación de propuestas concretas de acción en relación con la realidad de las participantes. Conclusión: se verificó el rol crucial de los profesionales de Enfermería en la asistencia provista a ancianas con osteoporosis, al igual que la eficiencia de una enfoque dialógico que valoriza sus elecciones y habilidades para el autocuidado. La percepción de la salud como un proceso dinámico que implica acciones reflexiones y nuevas acciones fortalece la efectividad de la perspectiva de Freire en la práctica de Enfermería como una estrategia para crear conocimientos y acciones junto con las ancianas que padecen osteoporosis, con el objetivo de promover una asistencia emancipadora basada en la ética de la atención.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar como o referencial teórico de Paulo Freire pode contribuir para a compreensão do processo de conscientização sobre o envelhecimento, mediante a promoção da saúde e o cuidado de si de mulheres idosas com osteoporose, considerando os fatores socioeconômicos e ambientais implicados nesse processo. Método: estudo qualitativo descritivo realizado através da análise secundária de dados de um estudo primário conduzido entre dezembro de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020, que contou com 25 idosas atendidas em uma unidade de saúde de reumatologia em um hospital universitário. Esta análise ensejou o retorno a um corpus de dados previamente coletados, visando reexaminá-los sob um novo prisma investigativo, a perspectiva teórica de Paulo Freire, que atuou como arcabouço teórico-metodológico. Resultados: os achados desta pesquisa possibilitaram uma aproximação da realidade das idosas com osteoporose através de uma reflexão crítica sobre a práxis e conscientização inerentes à essência humana. Isso permitiu revelar aspectos que estavam ocultos e impulsionar a criação de propostas concretas de ação em relação à realidade das participantes. Conclusão: verificou-se o papel crucial do enfermeiro na assistência às idosas com osteoporose e a eficiência de uma abordagem dialógica que valoriza suas escolhas e habilidades para o cuidado de si. A percepção da saúde como um processo dinâmico, que envolve ações, reflexões e novas ações, fortalece a efetividade da perspectiva freiriana na prática de enfermagem como uma estratégia para construir saberes e fazeres em conjunto com as idosas com osteoporose, com o objetivo de promover uma assistência emancipadora baseada na ética do cuidado.

Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus: a case report / 中华神经科杂志

Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) is a specific subtype of the stiff-person syndrome, which is rare and difficult to diagnose clinically. A case of PERM in a 66-year-old female with a fluctuating progressive course was reported in this article. She had increased facial muscle tone, pruritus and sensory hypersensitivity mainly in the head and neck, medullary involvement syndrome and bilateral lower limb rigidity as the main clinical manifestations, and a previous history of pulmonary malignancy, thymoma, typeⅠ diabetes and Hashimoto′s thyroiditis. The patient′s serum and cerebrospinal fluid were positive for anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody. The electromyogram showed a large number of motor unit potentials in the trunk and proximal extremities in the quiet state, which were significantly enhanced during spastic episodes, consistent with the electromyographic manifestations of stiff-person syndrome. The final diagnosis was PERM, and immunotherapy including gamma globulin and hormone responded well. PERM is a rare neurological autoimmune disease with atypical early symptoms, which can be easily misdiagnosed, and it requires attention to avoid delaying the diagnosis.

Development trend of physical examination volume and revenue in health-checkup institutions in China from 2010 to 2019 / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To investigate the development trend of physical examination volume and revenue in health-checkup institutions in China from 2010 to 2019.Methods:In this longitudinal study, the annual income, annual physical examination volume and other indicators reflecting institutional size were collected with questionnaire from 374 health-checkup institutions in the year of 2010, 2015 and 2019. The geometric mean method is used to calculate the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of the annual physical examination volume, annual income, mean per capita cost from 2010 to 2015 and 2015 to 2019.Results:The annual physical examination volume of health-checkup institutions increased from 1.81 (1.00, 3.20) ×10 4 person times in 2010 to 5.08(3.50, 7.28)×10 4 person times in 2019; the CAGR of the physical examination volume from 2010 to 2015 was 14.04%(8.14%, 23.78%), and it was 9.49%(3.39%, 19.07%) from 2015 to 2019. The annual revenue increased from 768.73 (350.00, 1 623.75) ×10 4 yuan in 2010 to 3 500.00 (1 997.73, 6 818.54) ×10 4 yuan in 2019; the CAGR of annual revenue from 2010 to 2015 was 25.75% (15.17%, 35.09%), and it was 15.67% (8.78%, 26.11%) from 2015 to 2019. The mean per capita cost increased from 434.26 (278.82, 666.66) yuan in 2010 to 755.80 (506.90, 1 005.42) yuan in 2019; the CAGR of the mean per capita cost was 9.82% (1.71%, 17.10%) from 2010 to 2015, and it was 5.37% (0.95%, 10.46%) from 2015 to 2019. Conclusion:From 2010 to 2019, health-checkup institutions in China developed rapidly, and the CAGR of the annual physical examination volume, annual revenue, mean per capita cost are high.

The chain mediating effect of professional identity and person-organization fit on the relationship between spiritual leadership and work engagement of young nurses / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship between spiritual leadership, professional identity, person-organization fit and work engagement of young nurses, so as to provide reference for developing strategies to improve young nurses′ work engagement.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. From December 2021 to April 2022, 449 young nurses from 9 hospitals in Shandong province were investigated by general data questionnaire, Spiritual Leadership Scale, Professional Identity Rating Scale, Nurse Person-organizational Fit Assessment Scale and Work Engagement Scale.Results:The scores of professional identity, spiritual leadership, person-organization fit and work engagement of young nurses were (116.04 ± 23.06), (68.07 ± 13.87), (163.50 ± 25.88), (38.80 ± 14.65) points, respectively. The total effect of spiritual leadership on work engagement was 0.707. The mediating path of spiritual leadership to work engagement included spiritual leadership→professional identity→work engagement; Spiritual leadership→person-organization fit→work engagement. Spiritual leadership→professional identity→ person-organization fit→work engagement. Three indirect effects accounted for 63.60%, 6.80% and 10.60% of the total effect, respectively.Conclusions:Professional identity and person-organization fit play chain mediating effect between spiritual leadership and work engagement of young nurses. Nursing managers should implement spiritual leadership to improve young nurses′ professional identity and person-organization fit, and then improve the level of young nurses′ work engagement.

Challenges of Teaching Humanities in Health Professions Education: Classroom Implementation and Educational Effectiveness of 'Mindful Practice' / 医学教育

The goal of medical education is to nurture healthcare professionals who can provide “excellent care.” However, our current medical education has many challenges to overcome to achieve this goal. The reasons are that deep mutual understanding between patients and healthcare professionals, self-awareness, and understanding of humanity, are all necessary for practicing medicine. However they have not been sufficiently verbalized and utilized in education. For medical education to be useful to healthcare professionals, educators, students, and patients, it is necessary to properly articulate these elements and put them into practice as education. This article introduces the “Mindful Practice” approach implemented at the University of Rochester, and explains how it can be used as material for medical education.

Major depressive disorder among patients receiving antiretroviral treatment in a social hygiene clinic: Prevalence, associated factors and effects on quality of life

Objectives@#The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression among patients who received antiretroviral treatment; describe the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with Major Depressive Disorder; as well as compare the quality of life among those with and without the co morbid psychiatric illness.@*Methodology@#A descriptive study was performed at a local hygiene clinic. Sociodemographic and clinical data were gathered, using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) for screening depression and confirmed by Mental Status Exam (MSE). Quality of life assessment was done through WHOQOL-HIV BREF questionnaire.@*Results@#Of the 130 respondents, 31 (23.85%) subjects were assessed to have depression. Among the different sociodemographic and clinical factors, younger age (p value = .0174) was associated with depression. Though the quality of life of a Person Living with HIV (PLHIV) fell in the acceptable category, those who had depression had poorer quality of life in all subdomains especially in the psychological and social domains and these were all highly statistically significant (p value <.0001).@*Conclusion@#The study revealed that Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) was prevalent in almost one fourth (23.85%) of HIV patients who were mostly of a younger age i.e. less than 45 years old; with 90.32 % of the 31 noted to have MDD were less than 35 years old. Patients with concomitant depression had a poorer quality of life not only psychologically but in all subdomains compared to those who were not depressed.