Study on the Relationship between Five-state Personality and Cattell's 16 Personality Factors Based on Structural Equation Model / 中医杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between five-state personality and Cattell's 16 personality factors. MethodsA total of 913 students recruited from Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from November 2020 to January 2021 were assessed by using the Five-state Personality Test Form and the 16 Personality Factors Questionnaire （16PF）. The five-state personality scores were compared with national norms and gender differences were examined. Additionally， a structural equation model was established and the model fit was assessed using comparative fit index （CFI）， Tucker-Lewis index （TLI）， and root mean square error of approximation （RMSEA）. The five-state personality （Taiyang， Shaoyang， Yin-yang balance， Shaoyin and Taiyin） was used as individual outcome variables while the 16PF factors was employed as predictor variables. Based on standardized parameter estimation results， we explored the relationships between the five-state personality and 16PF. ResultsA total of 913 students were recruited， and 756 valid samples were obtained after excluding unqualified questionnaires. Among these， the scores of Taiyang， Shaoyang and Taiyin in the 756 school students were significantly lower than the national norms， while the scores of Yin-yang balance was significantly higher （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The scores of Taiyang， Shaoyang， Yin-yang balance and Shaoyin were significantly higher than in males compared to females （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Regarding the relationship between the dimensions of five-state personality and 16PF， the model demonstrated a good fit with CFI and TLI values of 0.993 and 0.980， respectively， and an RMSEA value of 0.027. The 16PF factors， including dominance， social boldness， vigilance， rule-consciousness， tension， and emotional stability， positively predicted the Taiyang personality traits， while privateness and apprehension negatively predicted the Taiyang personality traits （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. For Shaoyang personality traits， factors such as liveliness， social boldness， dominance， and tension positively predicted them， while rule-consciousness， apprehension， and privateness negatively predicted Shaoyang perso-nality traits （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. In the case of Yin-yang balance personality traits， perfectionism， rule-consciousness， emotional stability， and self-reliance positively predicted them， while apprehension negatively predicted Yin-yang balance personality traits （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Regarding Shaoyin personality traits， perfectionism， emotional stability， self-reliance， rule-consciousness， and vigilance positively predicted them， while dominance， social boldness， and liveliness negatively predicted Shaoyin personality traits （P＜0.01）. Apprehension， tension， vigilance， and self-reliance positively predicted Taiyin personality traits， while social boldness， rule-consciousness， and intelligence negatively predicted Taiyin personality traits （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. ConclusionThere is a significant correlation between five-state personality test and 16PF with 16PF factors capable of predicting five-state personality factors. The five-state personality demonstrates scientific validity and effectiveness.

Effect of personality on compound reasoning / Efecto de la personalidad en el razonamiento compuesto

Abstract Objective :This study aims to describe the relationship between personality and propositional reasoning regarding compound negations by using, in particular, De Morgan's laws. Method :To evaluate personality traits, we used the Adjective Checklist for Personality Assessment, an instrument based on the Big Five theory and developed for the Argentine context. To assess reasoning, we used a task implemented in previous studies, according to which subjects had to find the logical equivalent of a compound negation. Four response options were offered: one was correct and the other three were linked to specific biases. Both the research study and the paradigm were developed on the basis of the Mental Models Theory of Negation. The study had a correlational design and included 150 university students. Results :We found that factors such as neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness were linked to specific response patterns. Difficulty and context were considered mediators of the process. Discussion :The evidence was compatible with the Mental Models Theory but inconsistent with theories based on formal rules.

Resumen Objetivo: el propósito de este estudio es describir la relación entre personalidad y razonamiento proposicional sobre negaciones compuestas, de forma particular aplicado a las leyes De Morgan. Método :para evaluar los rasgos de personalidad se utilizó el Listado de Adjetivos para Evaluar Personalidad, un instrumento basado en la Teoría de los Cinco Factores desarrollado para el medio Argentino. En el caso del razonamiento, se aplicó una tarea utilizada en estudios previos, en la cual el sujeto debía encontrar el equivalente lógico de una negación compuesta. Se ofrecieron cuatro opciones de respuesta, una correcta y tres ligadas a sesgos específicos. Tanto la investigación como el paradigma, fueron diseñados desde la Teoría de Modelos Mentales propuesta para la negación. El estudio fue de tipo correlacional, y participaron del mismo 150 estudiantes universitarios. Resultados :se encontró que los factores de Neuroticismo, Extraversión y Amabilidad estaban ligados a patrones de respuestas específicos. La dificultad y el contexto fueron considerados mediadores del proceso. Discusión :la evidencia resultó compatible con la Teoría de Modelos Mentales pero inconsistente respecto de las teorías basadas en reglas formales.

Elaboración de la versión breve del Cuestionario de Personalidad IPIP-Revisado: Control del sesgo de aquiescencia / Elaboração da versão breve do Inventário de Personalidade IPIPRevisado: controle do viés de aquiescência / Development of a Brief Version of the Personality Inventory IPIPRevised: Control of the Acquiescence Response Bias

Resumen En los últimos años se han desarrollado medidas breves de los cinco factores de personalidad, sin embargo, la ganancia práctica de tiempo provista por las formas breves puede implicar propiedades psicométricas más débiles de los instrumentos. En la construcción de escalas breves, para mantener propiedades psicométricas adecuadas se debe emplear criterios teóricos y empíricos en la selección de los ítems y minimizar los sesgos de respuesta, como el de la aquiescencia (AC), que hace referencia a la tendencia de las personas a estar de acuerdo con afirmaciones positivas independientemente del contenido de la afirmación. Teniendo esto en cuenta, el objetivo principal del presente estudio fue desarrollar un instrumento breve (30 ítems), de dominio público, para medir los cinco factores de personalidad en población latina, controlando el sesgo de respuesta AC. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 910 participantes, 543 de sexo femenino (59.6 %) y 367 de sexo masculino (40.3 %), con edades comprendidas entre los 15 y los 80 años (M = 29.52; DT = 12.25), pertenecientes a la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina. Para el proceso de validación se propuso realizar un estudio de convergencia con las cinco escalas del NEO-FFI, un análisis de diferencia de grupos según el sexo y la edad de los participantes, y un estudio de validez predictiva respecto a algunas actividades recreacionales (uso de drogas, irresponsabilidad, amistad, erudición/creatividad y comunicación). Los resultados indican que el IPIP-R-30 presenta una estructura factorial de cinco factores, índices de confiabilidad adecuados tanto de consistencia interna como de estabilidad temporal, evidencia de validez convergente con las escalas del NEO-FFI, evidencia de diferencia de grupos según sexo y edad, y validez predictiva de la frecuencia de diferentes categorías de actividades específicas. De esta manera, se puede concluir que el IPIP-R-30 constituye una herramienta válida de evaluación de los rasgos de personalidad en nuestro medio, con puntuaciones libres del sesgo de AC.

Resumo Nos últimos anos, têm sido desenvolvidas medidas breves dos cinco fatores de personalidade; contudo, o ganho prático de tempo previsto pelas formas breves pode implicar propriedades psicométricas mais fracas dos instrumentos. Na construção de escalas breves, para manter propriedades psicométricas adequadas, devem ser empregados critérios teóricos e empíricos na seleção dos itens, e devem ser minimizados os vieses de resposta, como o da aquiescência (AC). Esse conceito faz referência à tendência das pessoas que estão de acordo com afirmações positivas, independentemente do conteúdo da afirmação. Nesse sentido, o objetivo principal deste estudo foi desenvolver um instrumento breve (30 itens), de domínio público, para medir os cinco fatores de personalidade em população latina, controlando o viés de resposta AC. A amostra esteve composta por 910 participantes, 543 de sexo feminino (59.6 %) e 367 de sexo masculino (40.3 %), entre 15 e 80 anos de idade (M = 29.52; DP = 12.25), pertencentes à cidade de Córdoba, Argentina. Para o processo de validação, foi proposto realizar um estudo de convergência com as cinco escalas do NEO-FFI, uma análise de diferença de grupos segundo o sexo e idade dos participantes, e um estudo de validade preditiva a respeito de atividades recreativas (uso de drogas, irresponsabilidade, amizade, erudição/ criatividade e comunicação). Os resultados indicam que o IPIP-R-30 apresenta uma estrutura fatorial de cinco fatores, índices de confiabilidade adequados tanto de consistência interna quanto de estabilidade temporal, evidência de validade convergente com as escalas do NEO-FFI, evidência de diferença de grupos segundo sexo e idade, e validade preditiva da frequência de diferentes categorias de atividades específicas. Dessa maneira, pode-se concluir que o IPIP-R-30 constitui uma ferramenta válida de avaliação dos traços de personalidade em nosso meio, com pontuações livros do viés de AC.

Abstract In recent years, brief measures of the five personality factors have been developed; however, the practical gain of time provided by the brief versions may imply weaker psychometric properties of the instruments. To maintain adequate psychometric properties in the construction of brief scales, theoretical and empirical criteria should be used in the selection of items, and response biases such as acquiescence (AC) should be minimized. The term AC refers to people's tendency to agree with positive statements, regardless of their content. The main purpose of the present study is to develop a brief public domain instrument (30 items) to measure the five personality factors in the Latin American population, controlling the AC response bias. The sample consisted of 910 participants, 543 women (59.6 %) and 367 men (40.3 %), age range 15-80 years (M = 29.52; DT = 12.25) from the city of Córdoba, Argentina. For the validation process, a convergence study with the five NEO-FFI scales, an analysis of group differences according to the participants' sex and age, and a predictive validity study regarding recreational activities (drug use, irresponsibility, friendship, erudition/creativity, and communication) were performed. The results indicate that the IPIP-R-30 presents a five-factor factorial structure, adequate reliability indices of both internal consistency and temporal stability, evidence of convergent validity with the NEO-FFI scales, evidence of group differences as regards sex and age, and frequency predictive validity of different categories of specific activities. Thus, it can be concluded that the IPP-R-30 is a valid tool for assessing personality factors in our environment, with scores free of AC bias.

Relationship between personality traits and reproductive choices among women attending the psychiatric clinic of a Nigerian Teaching Hospital

Background: The study aimed to assess the relationship between personality traits and reproductive choices among women attending the psychiatric clinic at a Nigerian Teaching Hospital.Methods: The original study used a quasi-experimental pre-test post-test-controlled design though this article presents a cross sectional view of results. Two hundred females were recruited into the study. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was applied to the respondents which elicited information on background characteristics, baseline contraceptive indicators and personality traits. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential methods.Results: The personality factors found to affect contraceptive use included high scores on Conscientiousness, Extraversion and Neuroticism, though only extraversion maintained this relationship on regression analysis. The personality factors found to affect pregnancy plan included high scores on Conscientiousness.Conclusions: This study showed a distinct relationship between specific personality traits and contraceptive use with neuroticism exhibiting a negative influence on use while conscientiousness exhibited a positive influence.

Personality factors and cognitive functioning in elderly with Parkinson's disease / Fatores de personalidade e funcionamento cognitivo em idosos com doença de parkinson

ABSTRACT Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurological disease, resulting from cell degeneration in the substantia nigra, responsible for the production of dopamine. Objective: This study aimed to characterize the cognitive functioning, personality factors and prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Furthermore, this study sought to analyze whether personality factors were predictors of cognitive functioning. Methods: The sample consisted of 30 elderly with PD. Participants completed a sociodemographic data sheet, the NEO-FFI-R (Five Factor Inventory NEO Revised), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Beta-III, the phonemic verbal fluency test and semantics (Animals), the digits span subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults and the Boston Naming Test and the word list of the CERAD battery, the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Results: The elderly with PD presented impairment in verbal episodic memory and executive functions. Most of the participants demonstrated low levels of neuroticism. The extraversion factor was positively correlated with executive functions and the openness to experience factor was positively correlated with verbal episodic memory. It was concluded that the elderly with PD presented memory and executive function impairments. The factor that most contributed to performance of the elderly with PD on memory and executive function tasks was the extraversion factor.

RESUMO A doença de Parkinson (PD) é uma doença neurológica crônica e progressiva, resultante da degeneração celular na substância negra, responsável pela produção de dopamina. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar o funcionamento cognitivo, fatores de personalidade e prevalência de sintomas de depressão e ansiedade em indivíduos com doença de Parkinson (DP). Além disso, este estudo procurou analisar se os fatores de personalidade eram preditores de funcionamento cognitivo. Métodos: A amostra foi constituída por 30 idosos com DP. Os participantes responderam a uma ficha de dados sociodemográficos, o NEO-FFI-R (Inventário de Cinco Fatores NEO Revisado), o Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), o Beta III, o Teste de Fluência Verbal Semântica (Categoria Animais), o Subteste Dígitos da Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para adultos, o teste de nomeação de Boston da bateria CERAD, a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica e o Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck. Resultados: Os idosos com DP apresentaram comprometimento nas funções de memória episódica verbal e funções executivas. A maioria dos participantes demonstrou baixos níveis de neuroticismo. O fator de extroversão foi positivamente correlacionado com as funções executivas e o fator de abertura à experiência foi positivamente correlacionado com a memória episódica verbal. Conclusão: Conclui-se que idosos com DP apresentam comprometimento na memória e nas funções executivas. O fator que mais contribuiu para o desempenho dos idosos com DP em tarefas de memória e funções executivas foi o fator extroversão.

Validity evidence of two short scales measuring the Big Five personality factors

The objective of this study was to obtain evidence of the convergent and factor validity of the Reduced Scale of Big Five Personality Factors (ER5FP), with 20 items, and of the Reduced Inventory of Big Five Personality Factors (IGFP-5R), with 32 items. The two Brazilian scales were administered to 554 participants aged 16­69 years (M = 30.6, SD = 8.6). The measurement model of each instrument was tested using confirmatory factor analysis. Both scales showed an adequate adjustment of the measurement model to the data (root mean square error of approximation < .06; standardized root mean square residual < .06) after excluding a number of items. Correlations between the factors of both instruments were estimated. Moderate evidence of convergent validity was found for Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience (raw correlations ranging from .44 and .57, and disattenuated correlations from .60 to .80). For Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, weaker evidence was found (raw correlations of .33 and .29, and disattenuated correlations of .48 and .43, respectively).

The Effect of Personality Type and Job Performance on Emotional Exhaustion and Job Satisfaction - Staff of the Center for Children's foodservice management - / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship between the personality traits and job performance of Centers for Children's Foodservice Management (CCFSM) staff on emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. In addition, the characteristics of the center organization were examined to provide practical guidelines for the operation of the center. The aim was to determine management implications with an important meaning in human resource management to enhance the efficiency of the operation of Centers for Children's Foodservice Management (CCFSM). METHODS: Out of 207 centers, there were 1,057 employees at 173 centers who agreed to participate in the study, the questionnaire was mailed on February 17, 2017 and collected by mail on March 31, 2017. Finally, 81 centers (46.82%) participated in the survey and 493 questionnaires were used. RESULTS: Neuroticism among the five personality factors had a positive (+) influence on ‘cynicism’ and ‘exhaustion’ among the three subordinate factors of emotional exhaustion, negative (−) effects on the ‘job’ among the six subscales of job satisfaction. In addition, openness showed a negative (−) effect on ‘loss of professional confidence’ of emotional exhaustion and positive (+) relationship with the ‘job’ of job satisfaction. Agreeableness appeared to have a negative (−) effect on all factors of emotional exhaustion and a positive (+) influence on all factors of job satisfaction. As a result of analyzing the effects of job performance on emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction, the planning and operations management team showed a positive (+) influence on all factors of emotional exhaustion and negative (−) influence on all factors of job satisfaction. On the other hand, the nutrition management team showed a negative (−) influence on all emotional exhaustion factors and a positive (+) influence on the factors of job satisfaction. The hygiene management team showed a positive (+) relationship with ‘Emotional exhaustion’ among the subordinate factors of emotional exhaustion and a negative (−) influence on the ‘Educational opportunity’ of job satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The personality type and job performance of Centers for Children's foodservice management (ccfsm) staff significantly affected the emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction.

The Effect of Personality Type and Job Performance on Emotional Exhaustion and Job Satisfaction - Staff of the Center for Children's foodservice management - / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship between the personality traits and job performance of Centers for Children's Foodservice Management (CCFSM) staff on emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. In addition, the characteristics of the center organization were examined to provide practical guidelines for the operation of the center. The aim was to determine management implications with an important meaning in human resource management to enhance the efficiency of the operation of Centers for Children's Foodservice Management (CCFSM). METHODS: Out of 207 centers, there were 1,057 employees at 173 centers who agreed to participate in the study, the questionnaire was mailed on February 17, 2017 and collected by mail on March 31, 2017. Finally, 81 centers (46.82%) participated in the survey and 493 questionnaires were used. RESULTS: Neuroticism among the five personality factors had a positive (+) influence on ‘cynicism’ and ‘exhaustion’ among the three subordinate factors of emotional exhaustion, negative (−) effects on the ‘job’ among the six subscales of job satisfaction. In addition, openness showed a negative (−) effect on ‘loss of professional confidence’ of emotional exhaustion and positive (+) relationship with the ‘job’ of job satisfaction. Agreeableness appeared to have a negative (−) effect on all factors of emotional exhaustion and a positive (+) influence on all factors of job satisfaction. As a result of analyzing the effects of job performance on emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction, the planning and operations management team showed a positive (+) influence on all factors of emotional exhaustion and negative (−) influence on all factors of job satisfaction. On the other hand, the nutrition management team showed a negative (−) influence on all emotional exhaustion factors and a positive (+) influence on the factors of job satisfaction. The hygiene management team showed a positive (+) relationship with ‘Emotional exhaustion’ among the subordinate factors of emotional exhaustion and a negative (−) influence on the ‘Educational opportunity’ of job satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The personality type and job performance of Centers for Children's foodservice management (ccfsm) staff significantly affected the emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction.

Personality factors in adults and the elderly: a comparative study / Fatores de personalidade em adultos e idosos: um estudo comparativo / Factores de personalidad en adultos y ancianos: estudio comparativo

Throughout the life cycle, there is a tendency for individuals to increase and/or decrease some personality traits. The present study aimed to compare the magnitude of the Big Five personality traits among adults and the elderly, and to identify the role of sociodemographic variables (age, schooling, sex and marital status) in their personality traits. This cross-sectional study analyzed 151 participants divided into two groups by age. The elderly group was composed of 78 participants between the ages of 60 and 85 years, and the adult group included 73 participants between 30 and 59 years of age. Participants completed a socio-demographic data sheet and the Five-Factor Inventory-short form (NEO-FFI-R). Results revealed significant differences between the groups associated with the factors Neuroticism, Openness, and Conscientiousness. The adult group showed a significantly greater tendency for higher scores in Neuroticism, Extraversion and Openness. In the elderly group, in turn, there was a greater tendency for individuals to score higher on Conscientiousness. In conclusion, adults tended to present elevated levels of factors such as Neuroticism, Openness, and Conscientiousness, while the elderly presented higher Conscientiousness. These results suggest that personality factors are adjusted according to age group and life events. (AU)

Ao longo do ciclo de vida, há uma tendência para os indivíduos a aumentar e/ou diminuir alguns traços de personalidade. O presente estudo objetivou comparar a magnitude dos Cinco Grandes Traços de Personalidade entre idosos e adultos e identificar o papel das variáveis sociodemográficas (idade, escolaridade, sexo e estado civil) em seus traços de personalidade. Este estudo transversal analisou 151 participantes divididos em dois grupos por critérios de idade. Setenta e oito idosos (60 a 85 anos) compuseram o primeiro grupo, e 73 adultos (30-59 anos) formaram o segundo grupo. Os participantes preencheram uma ficha de dados sociodemográficas e o Inventário de Cinco Fatores NEO-FFI-R (NEO-FFI-R), forma curta. Houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos associados aos fatores Neuroticismo, Abertura à experiência e Consciência. No grupo de adultos, houve uma tendência significativamente maior para maiores pontuações no Neuroticismo, Extroversão e Abertura à experiência. No grupo de idosos, por sua vez, houve uma maior tendência para os indivíduos a pontuação mais elevada em Conscienciosidade. Os adultos tendem a apresentar níveis mais elevados de fatores como Neuroticismo, Abertura à experiência e Consciência, enquanto os idosos apresentaram maior Consciência. Esses resultados sugerem que os fatores de personalidade são ajustados de acordo com a faixa etária e os eventos da vida. (AU)

Durante el transcurso de la vida, existe una tendencia de los individuos a aumentar y / o diminuir algunos rasgos de personalidad. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar la magnitud de los Cinco Grandes Rasgos de Personalidad entre ancianos y adultos e identificar el rol de variables socio-demográficos (edad, escolaridad, sexo y estado civil) en los rasgos de personalidad. Método: En este estudio transversal participaron 151 participantes divididos en dos grupos por criterios de edad, 78 ancianos (60 a 85 años) componían el primer grupo, y 73 adultos (30-59 años) el segundo. Los participantes completaron una ficha de datos socio-demográficos y el Inventario de Cinco Factores (NEO-FFI-R), forma abreviada. Resultados: Hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos asociados a los factores Inestabilidad Emocional, Extraversión, Apertura a Experiencia y Conciencia. En el grupo de adultos, hubo una tendencia significativa de puntajes más altos en Inestabilidad Emocional, Extraversión y Apertura a experiencia. En el grupo de ancianos, a su vez, hubo mayor tendencia de los individuos a puntajes más altos en Escrupulosidad. Conclusiones: Los adultos tienden a presentar niveles más elevados de factores como Inestabilidad Emocional, Apertura a Experiencia y Conciencia, mientras que los ancianos mostraron mayor Conciencia. Estos resultados sugieren que los factores de personalidad se ajusten de acuerdo con el grupo de edad y los acontecimientos de la vida. (AU)

Analysis on personality traits in patients undergoing LASlK / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AlM: To analyze personality traits in preoperative patients who undergolaser in situ keratomileusis ( LASlK) and to provide psychological basis for the selection of refractive surgery. METHODS: Eligible patientswere seeking customized LASlK (group A n=53), conventional LASlK(group B n=75)and non-operation patients with ametropia (group C n=71 ) , who completed 16 personality factor questionnaires (16PF). Statistical analyses were performed with one-way ANOVA by SPSS11. 0 software package. RESULTS: Compared to group C, patients in group A scored high on dominance and tension levels, and low on emotional stability level(P<0. 05), while patients in group B were more venturesome and more experimenting, but were less vigilant ( P<0. 05 ). Additionally, there were statistical differences between group A and group B on dominance, gallantry and vigilance respectively(P<0. 05). CONCLUSlON: The data indicates that personality profiles of LASlK patients with refractive error influence their decision for correction. Patients need suitable psychological assessment before surgery who actively chose customized LASlK seem to be more assertive and suspicious.

A controlled study of psychopathology, life events, personality and sociodemographic factors in irritable bowel syndrome

Background: Irritable Bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastroenterological problem with symptoms causing a significant impact on the quality of life of patients. Psychopathology is associated in most of the cases affecting its overall prognosis. Life stressors influence significantly; either by precipitating or causing exacerbation of symptoms. IBS patients exhibit high levels of neuroticism and introversion. Dietary factors also play a role in IBS .Only few Indian studies reported these aspects in IBS. Aims: To identify the sociodemographic, dietary factors, psychopathology, life events and personality factors in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in the Indian context. Methods: Patients having IBS were selected for the study by purposive sampling. Normal controls without bowel symptoms were randomly selected from the population. After taking informed consent; sociodemographic data, diet details and illness details were obtained from all subjects. All the subjects were given a 30 item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ); Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS); Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS); Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) and Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale (PSLE). Parametric and non-parametric tests of comparison were employed in analysis of the data and results were interpreted. Results: IBS group scored significantly more than controls on GHQ scores, HDRS scores, Psychic and Somatic sub scores of HARS and PSLE mean stress scores. There was higher neuroticism score, especially in female patients. Family conflict; illness of family member; financial problems and change in sleeping habits were the frequently reported undesirable life event and going on a pleasure trip was the desirable event reported as stressor in these patients. Dietary sensitivities were significantly higher in patient group. Conclusions: We observed higher psychopathology scores consistent with earlier studies. In addition to undesirable stressors, going on a pilgrimage was the only desirable stressor associated with symptom exacerbation which was not reported earlier. Food sensitivities were significantly higher in IBS patients consistent with earlier studies. Key Message: We propose that psychological and dietary factors play a significant role in IBS. Hence, a multimodality treatment approach in the form of psychosocial therapy; dietary changes along with pharmacotherapy may be more effective in treatment of IBS.

Percepción de riesgo y compras por internet: su relación con la personalidad y el tipo de Producto / Risk perception and on-line shopping: their relationship with personality and product type

Teniendo en cuenta que el comportamiento del consumidor implica la toma de riesgo y que hay escasez de estudios específicos al contexto de compras por Internet que traten de incorporar los dos principales enfoques con los que se ha estudiado la toma de riesgo, el presente trabajo buscó determinar la relación existente entre los factores de personalidad, el tipo de producto (factor situacional), la percepción de riesgo y la intención y realización de compras por Internet. Para esto se diseñó una encuesta online que contenía situaciones hipotéticas a propósito del comercio electrónico y escalas de medición de factores de personalidad y de percepción de riesgo. Los participantes fueron personas de un rango de edad amplio, parte de una muestra por conveniencia. Se realizó un análisis correlacional de las variables de interés y se encontró que el género, la familiaridad, el factor de personalidad de escrupulosidad y los productos intangibles se relacionan significativamente con la percepción de riesgo general. Los factores de personalidad no parecen ser significativos a la hora de determinar la intención y realización de compras por Internet, brindando así apoyo al enfoque situacional.

Consumer behavior involves risk taking but there are few studies related to electronic commerce that integrate the two main approaches to study risk taking. The present study sought to determine the relationship between personality factors, product type (situational factor), risk perception and the intention and execution of internet shopping. An online survey containing hypothetical scenarios and scales measuring personality factors and risk perception was developed. Participants were individuals of a wide age range, from a convenience sample. A correlational analysis of the variables of interest was performed and it was found that gender, familiarity, conscientiousness personality factor and intangible products are significantly related to the perception of overall risk. Personality factors do not appear to be significant in determining the intention and execution of internet shopping, thus providing support for the situational approach.

Personality Factors, Affect, and Autonomy Support as Predictors of Life Satisfaction / Factores de personalidad, afecto y soporte como predictores de satisfacción de vida

This research examined the predictors of subjective well-being. Two studies were conducted. Our first study involved the administration of life satisfaction, personality, affection, need satisfaction, and self-construal questionnaires to 369 college students from Mexico. The results showed that extroversion and neuroticism had a significant direct effect on positive and negative affect, respectively, and indirect effects on life satisfaction. Results also revealed that autonomy support, defined as the ability to perceive oneself as the source of one's behavior, was a significant and positive predictor of life satisfaction. To address some of the limitations from study I, study II used the World Values Survey to examine the effects of autonomy support on life satisfaction and domain satisfaction among representative samples from Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil. The findings showed that the autonomy support was a significant predictor of life satisfaction and domain satisfaction in all three countries. The implications of the results are discussed.

Esta investigación examinó los predictores de bienestar subjetivo. Dos estudios fueron llevados a cabo. El primer estudio se administraron cuestionarios de satisfacción de vida, personalidad, afecto, necesidad de satisfacción y auto-constructo a 369 estudiantes de secundaria de México. Los resultados mostraron que la extroversión y el neuroticismo tienen un efecto directo sobre el afecto positivo y negativo, respectivamente, y efectos indirectos sobre la satisfacción de vida. Los resultados también revelan que el soporte, definido como la habilidad para percibirse a uno mismo como una fuente del propio comportamiento, se mostró como un predictor significativo y positivo de la satisfacción de vida. Para abordar algunas limitaciones del estudio I, el estudio II utilizó la Encuesta Mundial de Valores para examinar los efectos del soporte sobre la satisfacción de vida y la satisfacción de dominio entre muestras representativas de México, Argentina y Brazil. Los hallazgos mostraron que el soporte fue un predictor significativo de la satisfacción de vida y satisfacción de dominio en los tres países. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados.

Sleep quality of 395 college students and their Cattell′s scores / 中国心理卫生杂志

The sleep quality of 395 college students and it's relation to their resultsfrom Cattell's 16 personality factors questionnaire(16PF)were evaluated.It was found thatthe sleep quality coorrelated positively to factors A,F,H and Q_3,but negatively to factors L,O,and Q_4 in 16PF.