Consumo de álcool entre pescadores: uma revisão integrativa / Consumo de alcohol entre los pescadores: una revisión integradora / Alcohol consumption among fishermen: an integrative review

Objective: to summarize the scientific literature regarding the consumption of alcohol among fishermen. Method: Integrative review performed by literature in CAPES databases, ScieLO and LILACS, through data collection in the period from March to April 2014. Results: Alcohol consumption was evidenced as an usual activity among fishermen, emphasizing its association with religion, long working hours, lack of maximum levels of weekly satisfactory consumption of alcohol, occupational accidents, cardiovascular and sexually transmitted diseases, and hyperlipidemia. Conclusion: The consumption of alcohol is a common practice among fishermen and despite all the studies pointing to this practice, there is no evidence of real alternatives related to promotion, prevention and healthcare of fishermen in relation to alcohol consumption.

Objetivo: sintetizar a produção científica quanto ao consumo de álcool entre pescadores. Método: Revisão integrativa realizada por meio de levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados CAPES, ScieLO e LILACS, com período de coleta de dados entre março e abril de 2014. Resultados: Evidenciou-se o consumo de álcool como atividade habitual entre pescadores, salientando a associação com religião, longas jornadas de trabalho, desconhecimento dos níveis máximos de consumo de álcool semanais satisfatórios, acidentes ocupacionais, doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e cardiovasculares, e hiperlipidemia. Conclusão: O consumo de álcool é uma prática comum entre os pescadores e apesar de todos os estudos apontarem para essa prática, não há evidências de alternativas reais relacionadas a promoção, prevenção e cuidado da saúde de pescadores no que tange ao consumo de álcool.

Objetivo: para resumir la literatura científica en relación con el consumo de alcohol entre los pescadores. Método: Revisión integrada realizada por la literatura en las bases de datos de la CAPES, SciELO y LILACS, con período de recolección de los datos de marzo a abril de 2014. Resultados: Se evidenció el consumo de alcohol como una actividad habitual entre los pescadores, haciendo hincapié en su asociación con la religión, largas horas de trabajo, la falta de niveles máximos de consumo de alcohol semanal satisfactorios, accidentes de trabajo, transmisibles y cardiovascular sexual, y la hiperlipidemia. Conclusión: El consumo de alcohol es una práctica común entre los pescadores y a pesar de todos los estudios que apuntana esta práctica, no hay pruebas de alternativas reales relacionados con los pescadores de promoción, prevención y atención de la salud en relación con el consumo de alcohol.

Tiburones y rayas capturados por pesquerías artesanales con línea de fondo en el Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica / Sharks and rays caught by artisanal bottom line in Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica

Resumen De mayo 2010 a mayo 2011 se recolectó información referente a 67 faenas pesqueras artesanal con línea de fondo (44.8% observaciones abordo y 55.2% observaciones de descargas en centros de acopio) realizadas en Golfo Dulce, Pacífico Sur de Costa Rica. Durante las 67 faenas de pesca se analizaron en total 609 tiburones pertenecientes a diez especies. De estas, sobresalen S. lewini (más de 51.8% del total de tiburones analizados), M. lunulatus (23.5%), R. longurio, (13.8%) y C. limbatus (8.9%). Otras especies G. cirratum, G. cuvier, N.velox, S. tiburo y H. mexicanus fueron muy esporádicas ya que aportaron cerca del 2.0% del total. La condición de captura, el bajo valor comercial y la disponibilidad de los pescadores, permitió liberar con vida y sin anzuelos un total de 65 tiburones y 111 rayas, de las cuales 75.7% fueron rayas látigo (D. longa), 12.6% rayas gavilana (A. narinari), 5.4% rayas nariz de vaca (R. steindachneri), 5.4% rayas guitarra (R. leucorhynchus), 2.7% rayas de puntos (U. chilenis), 0.9% rayas mariposa (G. marmorata) y 0.9% mobula (Mobula sp.). Los análisis de CPUE en Golfo Dulce revelaron las mayores CPUE de tiburones en julio-agosto, mientras las mayores capturas de rayas se presentaron en enero-febrero.

Abstract Since May 2010 until May 2011 biological and fishery information regarding 67 artisanal fishing operations were collected in different areas of Golfo Dulce. A total of 30 (44.8%) onboard operations and 37 (55.2%) landings were observed. During onboard operations, a total of 872 fish were caught: 345 (39.6%) were sharks (Sphyrnidae, Carcharhinidae, Heterodontidae, Ginglymostomatidae and Triakidae), 228 (26.1%) "bait" fish (Aridae), 112 (13.1%) rays (Dasyatidae, Myliobatidae, Rhinobatidae and Mobulidae) and 111 (12.7%) commercial fish (Lutjanidae, Serranidae Sciaenidae). The capture condition (dead or alive), the low commercial value and the availability of fishermen, allowed us to release 65 sharks and 111 rays, all of them were alive and without hooks. Of these 75.7% were stingrays (D. longa), 12.6% eagle ray (A. narinari), 5.4% cownose rays (R. steindachneri), 5.4% guitar fish (R. leucorhynchus), the spoited ray 2.7% (U. chilenis), 0.9% butterfly ray (G. marmorata), and 0.9% mobula (Mobula sp.). The CPUE rate shows that the sharks and rays contributed more than 50% of the total catch of fishing operations. However, the months when the fishermen caught more sharks, the rays were not abundant. July and August were the months with the highest shark CPUE, while January-February were the months with the highest ray catches. Regarding the 37 landings observations, a total of 264 sharks were analyzed, being the scalloped hammerhead shark the most abundant (S. lewini, n=163), with 61.7%, followed by the common soothhound shark (M. lunulatus, n=48) (18.2%), the blacktip shark (C. limbatus, n=27) (10.2%) the pacific sharpnose shark (R. longurio, n=24) (9.1%), whitenose shark (0.4%) (Nasolamia velox, n=1) and the bonnethead shark (0.4%) (Sphyrna tiburo, n=1). The fusion of biological and fishery data from onboard observations and landings made it possible to analyze a total 609 sharks belonging to ten species. Of these, S. lewini represented more than 51.8% of total sharks analyzed; M. lunulatus, 23.5% R. longurio, 13.8% and C. limbatus, 8.9%. Other species G. cirratum, G. cuvier, N. velox, shovel head shark (S. tiburo) and the horn shark H. mexicanus were very sporadic since they contributed only 2.0% of the total. Analyses of length of S. lewini showed that they are mostly juveniles (74.31±17.4cm). Similar situation was found with individuals of R. longurio, M. lunulatus and C. limbatus whose mean total lengths were of 65.22±14.04cm, 94.08±23.64cm 4.44cm respectively 76.65cm. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (2): 183-198. Epub 2015 June 01.

Efecto de factores ambientales y la asignación del esfuerzo pesquero sobre las capturas de la raya Aetobatus narinari (Rajiformes: Myliobatidae) en el sur del Golfo de México / Effect of environmental factors and fishing effort allocation on catch of the Spotted Eagle Ray Aetobatus narinari (Rajiformes: Myliobatidae) in Southern Gulf of Mexico

Aetobatus narinari represents a fisheries target in Southern Gulf of Mexico, and it is currently considered a Near Threatened species by the IUCN red list. The information available of this batoid fish includes some biological and fishery aspects; nevertheless, little is known about the factors influencing on fishing operations and catches. In order to evaluate the effect of environmental factors and the fishing effort allocation by vessels on the target fishery of A. narinari in this area, a daily basis sampling was carried out on four small-scale vessels, from January to July 2009 (the entire fishing season), in two fishing localities (Campeche and Seybaplaya). A total of 896 rays were recorded from 280 fishing trips. A General Linear Model was used to predict the factors effect on the probability that fishing operations occurred, and on the probability for captures of at least one or three or five rays per vessel-trip. The probability that fishing operations occurred off Campeche was predicted by the lunar cycle, with the highest probability in the new moon period (66%) and a probability smaller than 35% for the other periods. The probability that fishing operations occurred off Seybaplaya was predicted by wind velocity, with higher probabilities at low wind velocity than at high wind velocity, and a 50% probability of fishing operations at 12-15km/h. Catch rates off Seybaplaya were predicted by the vessel´s factor (the effect of fishing effort allocation), the North wind season and sea surface temperature. The probability for captures of at least one and three rays per vessel-trip was predicted by the vessel´s factor and the North wind season. One vessel had higher catch probability (83% for at least one ray and 43% for at least three rays) than the others (69 and 70% for at least one ray and 26% for at least three rays), and during the North wind season the catch probability was higher (96% for at least one ray and 72% for at least three rays) than out of that season (68% for at least one ray and 21% for at least three rays). The probability for capture at least five rays per vessel-trip was predicted by the sea surface temperature and the North wind season. At 23°C the catch probability was of 49% and the probability gradually diminished to 4% at 28°C, and during the North wind season the catch probability was higher (40%) than out of that season (7%). This study shows that some environmental factors and fishermen perceptions and experience (fishing effort allocation) influence on the catch rate of A. narinari, and that these factors must be considered in future studies on elasmobranch fisheries, mainly when comparisons between catch rates among seasons or regions are analyzed.

Aunque existen estudios sobre las pesquerías de batoideos en aguas Mexicanas, falta información sobre la influencia de factores sobre las operaciones pesqueras y las tasas de captura. Para evaluar el efecto de algunos factores en la pesquería dirigida sobre la raya pinta Aetobatus narinari en el Sur del Golfo de México, se realizaron registros diarios de las operaciones pesqueras de cuatro embarcaciones menores en dos localidades (Campeche y Seybaplaya), de enero a julio 2009 (temporada de pesca completa). Fueron registradas 896 rayas en 280 viajes de pesca. Se utilizó el Modelo General Lineal para evaluar la influencia de los factores en las operaciones de pesca y las tasas de captura. La operación pesquera fue predicha por el ciclo lunar (frente a Campeche) y la velocidad del viento (frente a Seybaplaya). Las tasas de captura frente a Seybaplaya fueron predichas por el factor embarcación, la temporada de frentes fríos y la temperatura superficial del mar. Este estudio demuestra que tanto los factores ambientales como las diferencias en la asignación del esfuerzo pesquero entre embarcaciones, influyen en las tasas de captura, por lo que deben ser considerados en estudios futuros que comparen tasas de captura entre estaciones del año y regiones.

Spatial distribution and species composition of small pelagic fishes in the Gulf of California

Traditional regionalization methods in fisheries based on provinces or major fishing areas, includes large and arbitrary grids in which basic statistics or inferences on distribution or abundance are made. We describe a method for regionalization and analysis of fishing activities for small pelagic fisheries in the Gulf of California based on spatial patterns of landing and catch data in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. A fisheries database from logbooks with spatial attributes from October 2002 to June 2007 was analyzed. Landings and catching data were transformed to a Weighted Region Index (WRI) by using fuzzy logic operators. The WRI revealed fishing action centers characterized by areas with the highest WRI values, and a hierarchy for the relative importance of the regions was established. Guaymas, Desemboque de Caborca, Isla Patos, and Bahía San Rafael they were the most prominent ones. An analysis of the relative frequency of species composition showed that the Pacific sardine had an over 80 % abundance in the midriff islands, and remained as the most important in the upper gulf regions, while in the central part of the gulf, relative abundances of Pacific sardine and Northern anchovy were more balanced. Relative abundance of mackerel was significantly larger around Isla Patos than in any other place. Guaymas had the largest relative composition of Northern anchovy and the lowest values for Pacific sardine. Desemboque de Caborca showed the largest homogeneity in species relative composition. It is important to highlight that this results come from in situ data, while the results previously reported come from landing statistics by port. Therefore, the present method acknowledges the spatial differences of species by regions, additional to the traditional time series analysis. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 575-590. Epub 2008 June 30.

Los métodos tradicionales de regionalización en pesquerías, basados en provincias o grandes regiones, incluyen áreas arbitrarias y homogéneas sobre las cuales se realiza estadística básica o inferencias relacionadas con la distribución y la abundancia de estos recursos. El presente trabajo describe una metodología para la regionalización y el análisis de la actividad pesquera de pelágicos menores en el Golfo de California basado en los patrones espaciales de la información de lances y capturas utilizando herramientas de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). La información pesquera, con atributos espaciales, provino de bitácoras de pesca para el periodo comprendido de octubre 2002 a junio 2007. Los datos de lances y capturas fueron transformados a un Índice de Región Ponderada (WRI) utilizando operadores de lógica difusa. El WRI reveló centros de actividad pesquera caracterizados por áreas con los valores más altos de WRI y se obtuvo un orden jerárquico para denotar la importancia relativa de cada región, siendo las regiones de Guaymas, el Desemboque de Caborca, Isla Patos y Bahía San Rafael, los más prominentes. El análisis de la frecuencia relativa de la composición de especies mostró que la sardina Monterrey tuvo una abundancia relativa mayor al 80% en la región de las Grandes Islas y permaneció como la especie más importante en las regiones del alto golfo, mientras que en la parte central del golfo las abundancias de la sardina Monterrey y la ancho-veta norteña estuvieron más equilibradas. La abundancia relativa de la macarela fue significativamente mayor en la región de la Isla Patos, respecto a cualquier otra región. La región de Guaymas mostró la mayor composición relativa de anchoveta norteña, en contraste con los más bajos valores de sardina Monterrey. El Desemboque de Caborca mostró la mayor homogeneidad en la composición relativa de especies. Estos resultados provienen de datos in situ, mientras que los resultados previamente reportados provienen de estadísticas de lances por puerto. En consecuencia, el presente método reconoce las diferencias espaciales en la composición de especies por regiones (adicionales a los tradicionales análisis de series de tiempo).