Arabin-pessary or McDonald Cerclage in Cervical Shortening? / Pessário de Arabin ou cerclagem McDonald no encurtamento cervical?

Abstract Objective The aim of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of Arabin pessary and McDonald cervical cerclage on preterm delivery. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from patients who underwent either Arabin pessary or McDonald cerclage between January 1, 2019, and January 1, 2023. A total of 174 patients were included in the study, with 31 undergoing Arabin pessary and 143 receiving cervical cerclage using the McDonald technique in singleton pregnant women with cervical insufficiency, which applied between 14 and 22 gestational weeks. We included singleton pregnant women with normal morphology, and with normal combined test. The primary outcome was the impact of each method on preterm delivery (< 34 gestational weeks). Results The weeks of cervical cerclage or pessary application were compatible with each other (p< 0.680). The pessary group had a statistically significant longer time to delivery compared with the Cerclage group (cerclage group mean 30.8 c 7.1 standard deviation [SD] versus pessary group mean 35.1 ± 4.4 SD; p< 0.002). A statistically significant difference was found between the pessary and cerclage groups in terms of delivery at < 34 weeks (p= 0.002). In patients with cervical length between 25 and 15mm and < 15mm, no significant difference was found between the pessary and cerclage groups in terms of delivery week (p< 0.212; p< 0.149). Regardless of the technique applied, no statistically significant difference was observed between cervical length and birth < 34 weeks. Conclusion Our study found that pessary use for cervical insufficiency is statistically more effective than cervical cerclage surgery in preventing preterm births < 34 weeks in singleton pregnancy.

Kandughna Gana Varti in Vulvo Vaginalcandidiasis - A Case Series

Vulvovaginal candidiasis is an infection caused by yeast like micro organisms called candida albicans. It is the second most common cause of vaginitis affecting women of reproductive age group. It is most distressing and irritating to women, hampers their day to day life and makes them irritable, depressed, anxious and disturbs their interpersonal relationships including marital life. In vulvovaginal candidiasis patients complain of vaginal discharge with intense vulvovaginal pruritus. The pruritus is out of proportion to the discharge. The symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis appear similar to the symptoms of Slaishmiki yoni vyapath mentioned in Ayurvedic classics. It is due to the vitiation of Kapha caused by usage of Abishyandi aharas and has symptoms like Pichila yonisrava, Kandu, Alpa vedhana or Avedhana in Yoni. Topical treatments have great importance in the treatment of several gynecological conditions (Yoni vyapaths). Yoni varti or vaginal pessary is used to cleanse the vaginal walls and make the local environment more healthy. It acts directly on the vaginal mucosa and enables easier and target specific action. They are also hygroscopic in property and act in accordance with the drugs they contain. Kandughna gana varti have Tiktha, Kashaya rasa, Laghu, Ruksha guna, Krimighna, Kandughna and Kaphaghna properties and all the ingredients have potent antifungal action also. This facilitates faster absorption of drugs through vaginal mucosa and relieves the symptoms more quickly. A pilot study was conducted in 5 cases to assess the effect of Kandughna gana varti in vulvovaginal candidiasis. It was found to be effective in vaginal discharge and vulvovaginal pruritus.

Cervical pessary plus progesterone for twin pregnancy with short cervix compared to unselected and non-treated twin pregnancy: a historical equivalence cohort study (EPM twin pessary study) / Pessário cervical associado a progesterona em gestações gemelares com colo curto comparado a gestações gemelares não selecionadas e não tratadas: estudo de coorte histórica de equivalência (Estudo de Pessário em Gêmeos EPM)

Abstract Objective The present study aims to determine if the use of cervical pessary plus progesterone in short-cervix (≤ 25 mm) dichorionic-diamniotic (DC-DA) twin pregnancies is equivalent to the rate of preterm births (PBs) with no intervention in unselected DC-DA twin pregnancies. Methods A historical cohort study was performed between 2010 and 2018, including a total of 57 pregnant women with DC-DA twin pregnancies. The women admitted from 2010 to 2012 (n = 32) received no treatment, and were not selected by cervical length (Non-Treated group, NTG), whereas those admitted from 2013 to 2018 (n = 25), were routinely submitted to cervical pessary plus progesterone after the diagnosis of short cervix from the 18th to the 27th weeks of gestation (Pessary-Progesterone group, PPG). The primary outcome analyzed was the rate of PBs before 34 weeks. Results There were no statistical differences between the NTG and the PPG regarding PB < 34 weeks (18.8%; versus 40.0%; respectively; p = 0.07) and the mean birthweight of the smallest twin (2,037 ± 425 g versus 2,195 ± 665 g; p = 0.327). The Kaplan-Meyer Survival analysis was performed, and there were no differences between the groups before 31.5 weeks. Logistic regression showed that a previous PB (< 37 weeks) presented an odds ratio (OR) of 15.951 (95%; confidence interval [95%;CI]: 1.294-196.557; p = 0.031*) for PB < 34 weeks in the PPG. Conclusion In DC-DA twin pregnancies with a short cervix, (which means a higher risk of PB), the treatment with cervical pessary plus progesterone could be considered equivalent in several aspects related to PB in the NTG, despite the big difference between these groups.

Resumo Objetivo Este estudo tem como objetivo determinar se o uso de pessário cervical associado a progesterona em gestações de gêmeos dicoriônicos-diamnióticos (DC-DAs) com colo do útero curto (≤ 25 mm) apresenta taxa de parto prematuro (PP) equivalente à de gestações gemelares DC-DA sem nenhuma intervenção/não selecionadas. Métodos Um estudo de coorte histórica foi realizado entre 2010 e 2018, incluindo um total de 57 mulheres grávidas com gestações gemelares DC-DA. As mulheres admitidas de 2010 a 2012 (n = 32) não receberam tratamento, e não foram selecionadas pelo comprimento cervical (grupo Não Tratado, GNT), enquanto as admitidas de 2013 a 2018 (n = 25) receberam pessário cervical rotineiramente associado a progesterona após o diagnóstico de colo curto entre a 18a e a 27ª semanas de gestação (grupo Pessário-Progesterona, GPP). O desfecho primário analisado foi a taxa de PP antes de 34 semanas. Resultados Não houve diferenças estatísticas entre o GNT e o GPP em relação ao PP < 34 semanas (respectivamente, 18,8%; versus 40,0%;; p = 0,07) e ao peso médio ao nascer do gêmeo menor (2.037 ± 425 g versus 2.195 ± 665 g; p = 0,327). A análise de Kaplan-Meyer foi realizada, e não houve diferenças entre os grupos antes de 31,5 semanas. A regressão logística demonstrou que o nascimento prematuro anterior (< 37 semanas) apresentou razão de probabilidades (odds ratio, OR) de 15,951 (intervalo de confiança de 95%; [IC95%;]: 1,294-196,557; p = 0,031*) para o nascimento prematuro < 34 semanas no GPP. Conclusão Em gêmeos DC-DA com colo uterino curto (o que significa maior risco de nascimento prematuro), o tratamento com pessário cervical associado a progesterona pode ser considerado equivalente em diversos aspectos relacionados à prematuridade no GNT, apesar da grande diferença entre os grupos.

Uso de pesario cervical y prevención de parto pretérmino / Cervical pessary use and preterm labor prevention

Introducción: El parto pretérmino constituye una causa importante de morbimortalidad perinatal con repercusiones sociales y económicas a nivel mundial. La intervención oportuna ante la identificación de factores de riesgo y un adecuado manejo consiguen reducir su incidencia y evitar las consecuencias de la prematurez. Objetivo: El presente trabajo se realiza con el objetivo de destacar al pesario cervical como una herramienta mecánica en la prevención del parto pretérmino, y una opción de tratamiento en embarazos mayores de 25 semanas con insuficiencia cervical. Presentación del caso: Se trata de una paciente de 38 años de edad con antecedente de parto pretérmino espontaneo (de 33 semanas), que ingresa a las 21 semanas de embarazo con dilatación cervical de 3cm y acortamiento de la longitud cervical de 14mm, signos ecográficos: sludge y funneling. Se optó por manejo expectante con medidas complementarias: administración de antibiótico, progesterona y uso de pesario cervical. Tras el control clínico de la infección y mayor acortamiento cervical a 7mm a pesar del uso de progesterona, se colocó un pesario cervical a las 25,5 semanas, a las 27,5 semanas fue dada de alta, a las 36,6 semanas se retiró el pesario tras inicio de actividad uterina. Discusión: La progesterona y el cerclaje son medidas de elección en casos de insuficiencia cervical, sin embargo, ante las dificultades técnicas de colocación; el pesario representó una alternativa. El uso de pesario permitió que el embarazo progrese al término con resultados beneficiosos y sin evidencia de efectos adversos.

Introduction: Preterm delivery is an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality with global social and economic repercussions. Timely intervention in the identification of risk factors and proper management reduce their incidence and avoid the consequences of prematurity. Objective:This work is carried out with the aim of highlight the cervical pessary as a mechanical tool in the prevention of preterm birth and a treatment option in pregnancies over 25 weeks with cervical insufficiency. Case presentation: This is a 38-year-old patient with a history of spontaneous preterm delivery (33 weeks), who was admitted at 21 weeks of pregnancy with cervical dilation of 3cm and shortening of the cervical length of 14mm, ultrasound signs: sludge and funneling. Expectant management was opted, with complementary measures: administration of antibiotics, progesterone and use of a cervical pessary. After clinical control of the infection and greater cervical shortening to 7mm despite the use of progesterone, a cervical pessary was placed at 25.5 weeks, at 27.5 weeks she was discharged, at 36.6 weeks she was discharged. The pessary was removed after the start of uterine activity. Discussion: Progesterone and cerclage are the measures of choice in cases of cervical insufficiency, however, given the technical difficulties of placement; the pessary represented an alternative. Conclusion: The use of the pessary allowed the pregnancy to progress to term with beneficial results and without evidence of adverse effects.

Prolapse in pregnancy

Presentation of uterine prolapse is a normal event in a pregnant woman which can be pre-existent or else manifest in the course of pregnancy. Complications resulting from prolapse of uterus vary from minor cervical infection to spontaneous abortion to preterm labour, maternal and fetal mortality, acute retention of urine and urinary tract infection. Authors of this paper have studied a case of a pregnant lady who presented to the emergency department with prolapse and her line of management which was executed. This was a case report study and management were done as per standard obstetrical guidelines. Patient was counselled at the time of discharge. Implementation of conservative treatment modalities throughout pregnancy with prolapse and their application in accordance of severity of uterine prolapse and patient’s preference may be sufficient to achieve an uneventful pregnancy, normal and spontaneous vaginal delivery.

Use of the pessary in the prevention of preterm delivery / Uso do pessário na prevenção de parto pretermo

Abstract Objective The gestational complication most associated with perinatalmortality and morbidity is spontaneous preterm birth with gestational age < 37 weeks. Therefore, it is necessary to identify its risk factors and attempt its prevention. The benefits of the pessary in prematurity are under investigation. Our objective was to analyze the use of the pessary in the prevention of preterm births in published studies, and to compare its efficacy with other methods. Methods Randomized clinical trials published between 2010 and 2018 were selected from electronic databases. Studies on multiple gestations were excluded. Results Two studies were in favor of the pessary as a preventive method, one study was contrary to the method and another two showed no statistically significant difference. Themeta-analysis showed no statistical difference with the use of a cervical pessary in the reduction of births < 37 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.63; confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.38-1.06) and < 34 weeks (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.35-1.57) Conclusion The pooled data available to date seems to show a lack of efficacy of the cervical pessary in the prevention of preterm birth, although the heterogeneity of the studies made comparisons more difficult.

Resumo Objetivo O parto com idade gestacional < 37 semanas é a complicação gestacional mais associada à mortalidade e morbidade perinatal, sendo necessária a identificação de seus fatores de risco e a tentativa de sua prevenção. Os benefícios do pessário na prematuridade estão sendo investigados. Nosso objetivo foi analisar os estudos publicados sobre uso do pessário na prevenção do parto pretermo e comparar sua eficácia perante outros métodos. Métodos Foramselecionados estudos clínicos randomizados publicados entre 2010 e 2018, extraídos de bases eletrônicas de dados. Estudos de gestações múltiplas foram excluídos. Resultados Dois estudos semostraram a favor do pessário comométodo preventivo, um estudo foi contrário ao método, e outros dois não demonstraram diferença estatisticamente significativa. A meta-análise não mostrou diferença significativa no Conclusão Os dados agrupados disponíveis até o momento parecem mostrar uma falta de eficácia do pessário cervical na prevenção do parto pretermo, embora a heterogeneidade dos estudos tenha dificultado as comparações.

Factors associated with the prescription of vaginal pessaries for pelvic organ prolapse

OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors associated with the prescription of vaginal pessaries (VPs) as a conservative treatment for pelvic organ prolapse (POP). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed during two annual urogynecology and general obstetrics and gynecology meetings in 2017 (São Paulo, SP, Brazil). A 19-item deidentified questionnaire regarding experiences and practices in prescribing VPs for POP patients was distributed among gynecologists. Our primary outcome was the frequency of prescribing VPs as a conservative treatment for POP. The reasons for prescribing or not prescribing VPs were also investigated. Univariate and multivariate analyses with crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were performed for variables associated with the prescription of pessaries. RESULTS: Three hundred forty completed surveys were analyzed. Half of the respondents (53.53%) were between 30-49 years old; most of them were female (73.53%), were from the Southeast Region (64.12%), were trained in obstetrics and gynecology (80.24%) or urogynecology (61.18%) and worked in private offices (63.42%). More than one-third (36.48%) attended four or more POP cases/week, and 97.65% (n=332) had heard or knew about VPs for POP; however, only 47.06% (n=160) prescribed or offered this treatment to patients. According to the multivariate analysis, physicians aged 18-35 years (OR=1.97[1.00-3.91]; p=0.04), those who participated in a previous urogynecology fellowship (OR=2.34[1.34-4.09]; p<0.01), those with relatively high volumes of POP cases (4 or +) (OR=2.23[1.21-4.47]; p=0.01) and those with PhD degrees (OR=2.75[1.01-7.54]; p=0.05) prescribed more pessaries. CONCLUSIONS: Most gynecologists did not prescribe VPs. Younger physician age, participation in a previous urogynecology fellowship, a PhD degree, and a relatively high volume of POP cases were associated with increased VP prescription rates.

Parto a través de rotura uterina posterior en una paciente con pesario de Arabin / Vaginal birth through posterior uterine breaking in Arabin pessary carrier patient

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: El parto pretérmino es una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad materno-fetal. El pesario cervical es un método eficaz para prevenir el parto pretérmino en pacientes con cuello uterino corto. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 38 años, de 34.3 semanas de embarazo, que acudió a consulta por hidrorrea y dolor abdominal. Entre sus antecedentes ginecoobstétricos refirió la colocación de un pesario de Arabin a partir de la semana 20 del embarazo, por diagnóstico de cuello uterino corto (14 mm). La exploración médica reveló: cuello uterino cerrado y formado, con desgarro de 2 cm en la cara posterior uterina, indicándose cesárea de urgencia. Cinco minutos después tuvo aumento importante de dolor abdominal, objetivándose la cabeza fetal en IV plano de Hodge, por lo que se decidió la asistencia mediante parto en el área quirúrgica. Nació un varón de 2045 g, con Apgar 9/10, que ingresó al área de neonatología. Posteriormente se comprobó el desgarro ístmico-cervical, de aproximadamente 7 cm, con prolongación ascendente medial de 4 cm, que se suturó sin contratiempos. El puerperio inmediato y tardío transcurrieron con normalidad. Un año después del parto la paciente se encuentra en excelente estado de salud. CONCLUSIÓN: La rotura uterina en pacientes con pesario es una complicación extremadamente rara. Hasta la fecha no existe un esquema de tratamiento óptimo. Se prefiere una conducta conservadora, sobre todo si existe deseo reproductivo, e individualizar cada caso.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Preterm delivery is an important cause of maternal-fetal morbimortality. The cervical pessary is an effective method to prevent preterm birth in patients with short cervix. CLINICAL CASE: A 38-year-old patient, 34.3 weeks pregnant, attended the clinic due to hidrhorea and abdominal pain. Among his gynecological and obstetric history he referred to the placement of Arabin pessary from week 20 of pregnancy, by diagnosis of short cervix (14 mm). The medical examination revealed: Cervix closed and formed, with a 2 cm tear in the posterior uterine side, indicating an emergency caesarean section. Five minutes later, there was a significant increase in abdominal pain, with the fetal head being seen in the IV plane of Hodge. Therefore, it was decided to assist with delivery in the surgical area. A newborn male, 2045 g, was obtained with Apgar 9 / 10, who entered the neonatology area. Subsequently, the isthmic-cervical tear, of approximately 7 cm, with a medial ascending extension of 4 cm, which was sutured without incident, was confirmed. The immediate and delayed puerperium proceeded normally. One year after the obstetric event, the patient is in excellent health. CONCLUSIONS: Uterine rupture associated to pessary is an extremely rare complication. To date there is no optimal treatment scheme. A conservative behavior is preferred, especially if there is a reproductive desire, and each case is individualized.

Application of continuing nursing in home management of pelvic organ prolapse patients with pessaries / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To analyze the effect and application value of continuation nursing in the management of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) patients. Methods From June 2016 to December 2017, 50 patients with POP who were treated with pessary were randomly divided into study group and control group by randomized comparison digital table. The study group was followed by family continuation care. The nursing guidance was compared at the time of enrollment, 3 months and 6 months after enrollment, and the difference between the two groups in terms of disease awareness, daily behavioral ability, psychological state and complications were compared. Results The study group was significantly better than the control group in terms of disease awareness, daily behavioral ability, psychological state and satisfaction rate of nursing services (t=13.2667-19.8533,χ2=0.12-4.56, P<0.05). Conclusion The application of pessary in the treatment of POP patients in the home management can be used to reduce complications and improve the quality of life of patients. It has application and promotion value.

Hugs for keeps: A case report of pessary insertion in preterm twin gestation in the Philippines / Philippine Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

@#Preterm birth accounts to 35 % of deaths in a year. Twin gestation, around 7.2 per 1000 births in the Philippines, is a known risk factor that increases likelihood of preterm birth compared to singletons. Most studies that addresses preterm births are focused on singleton pregnancies. There have been no established recommendations to control preterm labor in twin pregnancies. Pessary insertion is among these recommendations. There are no reported cases of pessary insertion to control preterm birth among twins in the Philippines. This study presents a case of twin gestation in preterm labor and no functional cervix on transvaginal ultrasound. Hodge pessary was inserted at 28 weeks age of gestation. She delivered at 36 weeks to live baby girls, both 2,200 grams and were directly roomed-in. Further studies are recommended to establish stronger evidence supporting pessary use in multiple gestation to improve outcome of neonates.

Can the Pessary Use Modify the Vaginal Microbiological Flora? A Cross-sectional Study / O uso de pessário vaginal pode alterar a flora microbiológica? Um estudo transversal

Abstract Introduction Vaginal pessary is used as a conservative treatment for pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Some studies have shown that common complaints of its use may include vaginal discomfort and increased vaginal discharge. Scant information is available about the microflora status after using this device. Objective To determine if the usage of vaginal pessary can interfere with the vaginal environment. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed from March of 2014 to July of 2015 including 90 women with POP. The study group was composed of 45 women users of vaginal pessary and 45 nom-users. All enrolled women answered a standardized questionnaire and were subjected to a gynecological exam to collect vaginal samples for microbiological evaluation under optic microscopy. Clinical and microbiological data were compared between study and control groups. Results Vaginal discharge was confirmed in 84% of the study group versus 62.2% in the control group (p< 0.01); itching was reported in 20 and 2.2%, respectively (p< .05); genital ulcers were only found in the pessary group (20%). There was no difference with regard to the type of vaginal flora. Bacterial vaginosis was prevalent in the study group (31.1% study group versus 22.2% control group), (p=.34). Conclusion Women using vaginal pessaries for POP treatment presented more vaginal discharge, itching and genital ulcers than non-users.

Resumo Introdução O pessário vaginal é utilizado como tratamento conservador para o prolapso de órgãos pélvicos (POP). Alguns estudos demonstraram que as queixas mais comuns do seu uso são o desconforto vaginal e um aumento do fluxo vaginal. As informações são escassas a respeito do que ocorre com a microflora vaginal após o uso do pessário. Objetivo Determinar se o uso do pessário pode interferir com o ambiente vaginal. Métodos Um estudo transversal realizado de março de 2014 a julho de 2015 com 90 mulheres com POP; metade delas usaram pessário e a outra metade permaneceu como grupo controle. Todas preencheram um questionário e realizaram exame ginecológico para coleta de amostras vaginais para análise microbiológica. Dados clínicos e microbiológicos foram comparados entre os grupos de estudo e de controle. Resultados O fluxo vaginal foi confirmado em 84% das mulheres do grupo de estudo versus 62,2% do grupo de controle (p< 0,01); prurido foi encontrado em 20 e 2,2%, respectivamente (p< 0,05). As úlceras genitais foram somente encontradas no grupo pessário (20%). Não houve diferenças com relação ao tipo de flora vaginal. A vaginose bacteriana fora encontrada em 31,1% das mulheres do grupo de estudo versus 22,2% do grupo de controle (p= 0,34). Conclusão Mulheres usando pessários vaginais para tratamento do POP apresentaram maior fluxo vaginal, prurido e úlcera genital do que as não usuárias do dispositivo.

Predicting factors for success of vaginal delivery in preterm induction with prostaglandin E₂

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of prostaglandin (PG) E₂ for preterm labor induction and to investigate the predictive factors for the success of vaginal delivery. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed in women (n=155) at 24+0 to 36+6 weeks of gestation who underwent induction of labor using a PGE₂ vaginal pessary (10 mg, Propess) from January 2009 to December 2015. Success rates of vaginal delivery according to gestational age at induction and incidence of intrapartum complications such as tachysystole and nonreassuring fetal heart rate were investigated. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive factors for success of labor induction. RESULTS: The vaginal delivery rate was 57% (n=89) and the rate of cesarean delivery after induction was 43% (n=66). According to gestational age, labor induction was successful in 16.7%, 50.0%, and 62.8% of patients at 24 to 31, 32 to 33, and 34 to 36 weeks, showing a stepwise increase (P=0.006). There were 18 cases (11%) of fetal distress, 9 cases (5.8%) of tachysystole, and 6 cases (3.8%) of massive postpartum bleeding (>1,000 mL). After adjusting for confounding factors, multiparity (odds ratio [OR], 8.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.10 to 23.14), younger maternal age (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.94), advanced gestational age at induction (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.09), rupture of membranes (OR, 11.83; 95% CI, 3.55 to 39.40), and the Bishop score change after removal of PGE₂ (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.0 to 4.8) were significant predictors of successful preterm vaginal delivery. CONCLUSION: An understanding of the principal predictive factors of successful preterm labor induction, as well as the safety of PGE₂, will provide useful information when clinicians consult with preterm pregnant women requiring premature delivery.

Diagnóstico y prevención del parto pretérmino. Una actualización de la literatura / Diagnosis and prevention of preterm birth. A literature update

Antecedentes: El parto pretérmino es uno de los principales problemas de la obstetricia, ya que es el causante del 35 % de las muertes infantiles en el primer año de vida y de morbilidad severa a corto y largo plazo en aquellos que sobreviven a la prematurez. En el 2010, Colombia reportó 8,8 % de parto pretérmino, por esto es de vital importancia identificar factores de riesgo, realizar prevención y hacer un adecuado diagnóstico y manejo de este síndrome. Objetivo: Actualizar los conocimientos en la prevención del parto pretérmino. Metodología: Se revisó la literatura disponible en idiomas inglés y español desde el año 2001 hasta abril de 2016 utilizando las palabras clave: preterm brith, pessary, vaginal progesterone, cerclage, pevention preterm birth, parto pretérmino, tamizaje de parto pretérmino. Se accedió a diferentes bases de datos: Ovid, ClincalKey, Cochrane, Pubmed, Medline, EM-BASE. Resultados: Se hallaron 81 artículos de texto completo de diversas tipologías: guías de manejo actualizadas, investigación científica y tecnológica, revisiones, los cuales abordaban la temática de diagnóstico y prevención. Conclusión: Existen múltiples controversias sobres las diferentes técnicas en la actualidad para identificar pacien-tes de riesgo y lograr una prevención adecuada del parto pretérmino.

Background: Preterm birth is one of obstetrics main problems, causing 35 % of deaths in infants on their first year of life and severe morbidity on short and long term in those cases when the individual survives premature birth. In 2010, Colombia reported 8.8 % of preterm birth, thus making the identification of risk factors, prevention, pre-cise diagnostic and care of this syndrome of so great and vital importance. Objective: To update our knowledge on the prevention of preterm birth. Methods: Using different databases such as: Ovid, Clinical Key, Cochrane, Pubmed, Medline and EMBASE, an in depth analysis was performed on the literature available. Cross references in both Spanish and English were performed on publications from 2001 to 2016, using the following key words: preterm birth, pessary, vaginal progesterone, cerclage, preterm birth prevention, preterm delivery, preterm de-livery screening. Results: 81 complete text articles were found, of different typologies: updated management guides, scientific and technological research, reviews; which addressed the issue of diagnosis and prevention. Conclusion: There are multiple controversies regarding the different techniques used to identify high risk patients and reach an adequate prevention of preterm birth.

Factors influencing therapy decision in patients with severe pelvic organ prolapse / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate the factors influencing therapy decision of surgery or pessary in patients with severe pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Methods Totally 419 cases ofⅢtoⅣdegree POP patients were studied retrospectively. Patients were divided into surgery and pessary groups according to their own choice. Clinical characters were compared such as age, body mass index (BMI), age of onset and disease duration, POP stage, complications. Results 67.5%(283/419) patients were in the surgical group and 32.5%(136/419) patients in the pessary group. Patients in surgical group had higher BMI [(25.1 ± 3.5) versus (23.8±2.6) kg/m2], elder age of onset [(62±12) versus (57±11) years old], longer disease duration [(5± 8) versus (11±11) years] and higher POP staging of middle compartment and less cardiac disease [20.1%(57/283) versus 30.9% (42/136)] than those in pessary group, all had significant difference (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis on the above factors showed a statistically significant difference between two groups, BMI, disease duration and POP staging of middle compartment were independent factors (OR=1.141, 0.932, 1.389;all P<0.01). Conclusions Patients with higher BMI, higher POP staging of middle compartment and less cardiac disease tended to choose surgery. Patients with younger age of onset and longer disease duration tended to choose pessary. Factors as age, POP staging of anterior and posterior compartment, history of POP surgery, complicated with hypertension and diabetes, showed no influence on treatment choice.

Uso de pesarios en mujeres menores de 65 años con diagnóstico de prolapso de órganos pelvianos: estudio de factibilidad / Pessaries for pelvic organ prolapse: feasibility study

Antecedentes: El prolapso de los órganos pelvianos (POP) es una enfermedad prevalente. Los pesarios vaginales son una opción de tratamiento. Algunos especialistas prefieren la cirugía como el tratamiento de elección. Objetivo: Describir la respuesta subjetiva y complicaciones asociadas al uso de pesarios en pacientes <65 años con POP en el Hospital Dr. Sotero del Río. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con POP sintomático <65 años con indicación de pesario, entre julio de 2009 y noviembre de 2012. Para la evaluación de los resultados subjetivos del uso de pesarios, se utilizó la escala PGI-I. Resultados: Cuarenta y nueve pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. En 39 pacientes el fitting fue exitoso. Veinticinco de las 39 pacientes, fueron capaces de acceder y usar el pesario, de las cuales 6 abandonaron el tratamiento. La mediana de la edad fue 62,5 años. Un 48 por ciento eran sexualmente activas. La mediana de seguimiento fue 9 semanas. Según POP-Q un 60 por ciento se encontraba en etapa III. El tipo de pesario más utilizado fue el Gellhorn. Trece pacientes presentaron efectos adversos, siendo lo más frecuente el flujo vaginal (40 por ciento). La respuesta subjetiva de mejoría estuvo disponible en 15 (64 por ciento) de 25 pacientes. Un 88 por ciento notaron mejoría subjetiva importante. Conclusión: El uso de pesarios vaginales en pacientes menores de 65 años con POP es factible, asociado a mejoría subjetiva de los síntomas, con baja tasa de complicaciones. Son necesarios estudios prospectivos de mayor tamaño muestral para evaluar este subgrupo.

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common disease. Vaginal pessaries are a treatment option. Some specialists prefer surgery as the treatment of choice. Objective: To describe the subjective response and complications associated with the use of pessaries in patients <65 years old with POP in Dr. Sotero del Rio Hospital. Methods: Retrospective study of patients with symptomatic POP <65 and use pessary between July 2009 and November 2012. And assessment of the subjective results of using the PGI-I pessaries scale was used. Results: 49 patients met the inclusion criteria. In 39 patients the fitting was successful. 25 of 39 patients were able to access and use the pessary. 6 patients discontinued treatment. The median age was 62.5 years. 48 percent were sexually active. Median follow-up was 9 weeks. According POP-Q 60 percent were in stage III. The type of pessary was the most used Gellhorn. 13 patients had adverse effects. The subjective response improvement was available in 15 (64 percent) of 25 patients. 88 percent noted significant subjective improvement. Conclusion: The use of vaginal pessaries in patients under 65 with POP is feasible, associated with subjective improvement in symptoms, with low complication rate. Prospective studies are needed with larger sample sizes to evaluate this subgroup.

Caracterización del uso de pesario cerclaje como prevención del parto pretérmino / Characterization of cerclage pessary use as prevention of preterm delivery

Introducción: el incremento de la prematuridad se ha producido a expensas de los prematuros extremos, aumentando el nivel de riesgo neonatal, la morbilidad, la mortalidad y demanda de servicios sanitarios obstétricos y perinatales.Objetivos: caracterizar un grupo de gestantes con modificaciones cervicales y el uso del pesario vaginal, atendidas en el Hospital Ginecobstétrico Docente Ramón González Coro, entre los años 2008 y 2010.Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva, longitudinal, para determinar la utilidad del pesario vaginal en las gestantes con modificaciones cervicales atendidas en el Hospital Ginecobstétrico Docente Ramón González Coro, entre los años 2008 y 2010.Resultados: el universo quedó conformado por 166 pacientes. Fueron divididas en dos grupos, el primero conformado por las que se les colocó pesario, y el otro grupo al que solo se le realizó seguimiento clínico. La inclusión de los pacientes en cada grupo se realizó de forma aleatoria. Presentaron una medición de normalidad del cuello uterino 2 de cada 10 gestantes. A casi la mitad de las pacientes les fue colocado el pesario cerclaje entre las 29 y 33 sem, entre las 26 y las 28 lo recibieron 4 de cada 10 mujeres y solo el 14,6 porciento de las pacientes lo recibió antes de la semana 26.Conclusiones: más de la mitad de las gestantes fueron nulíparas. El factor de riesgo mejor representado fue: 3 o más abortos provocados. La mitad de las gestantes alcanzaron el término de la gestación

Introduction: increasing prematurity has occurred at the expense of extremely premature infants, increasing the level of neonatal risk, morbidity, and demanding for obstetric and perinatal health services.Objectives: to characterize a group of pregnant women with cervical changes and the use of vaginal pessary assisted at Ramón González Coro Teaching Hospital from 2008 to 2010.Methods: a descriptive, longitudinal study was conducted to determine the utility of vaginal pessary in pregnant women with cervical changes and who were assisted at Ramón González Coro Teaching Hospital, from 2008 to 2010.Results: 166 patients were the universe of our study. They were divided into two groups, the first group included those subjects with pessary, and the second group only underwent clinical follow up. The inclusion of these subjects in each group was performed randomly. Two out of ten pregnant women showed a normal measurement of the cervix. Almost half of the patients received the pessary cerclage, which was placed at 29- 33 weeks, 4 out of 10 women had it at 26 and 28 weeks; and only 14.6 per cent of patients received it before week 26.Conclusions: more than half of these pregnant women were nulliparous. The best represented risk factor was three or more induced abortions. Half of pregnant reached the end of gestation

Observation of correlation between the mating days and pregnancy rate, the vaginal pessary number and the embryos number in female rats / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To observe the correlation between mating days and pregnancy rate, the vaginal pessary number and the embryos number in female rats, for facilitating the whole planning of the relevant experiments. Methods 70 female Wistar rats were randomly mated with 20 male Wistar rats separately. Mating days and vaginal pessary were recorded. In late stage of the experiment, the number of pregnant rats and embryos were confirmed by post-mortem anatomy. Results Person correlation coefficient of the mating days and pregnancy rate in exhausting pessary rats was 0.83, P<0.05 (P=0.005); person correlation coefficient of the vaginal pessay number and the embryos was 0.16, P>0.05(P=0.18). Conclusion There was linearly dependent relationship between the mating days and pregnancy rate, the pregnancy rate of female rats become 100% when the mating days reached 4 days. But there was no such relationship between the vaginal pessary and the embryo number.

Effects of Silicone Pessary Treatment on the Symptoms and Life Quality of Pelvic Organ Prolapse Patients / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To evaluate the effects of silicone pessary treatment on relieving the symptoms and improving the life quality of the pelvic organ prolapse patients.Methods From November 2005 to March 2009,33 pelvic organ prolapse (POP-Q stage Ⅲ～Ⅳ) patients received silicone pessary coneervative treatment were followed up and required to complete the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20) before and after initiating pessary treatment.Results 31 of 33(93.94%) patients finished the follow-up completely.23 of 31(74.19%) patients continually used the pessary.The follow up time was 3 to 17 (10.04±2.57) months.27 patients completed the PFDI-20 questionnaires.Before silicone pessary treatment, PFDI20 total score,POPDI6 (Pelvic organ prolapse distress inventory),CARDI8 (colorectal anal distress inventory 8) and UDI6 (urinary distress inventory 6) scores were (54.16±36.12),(27.78±17.30),(0.61±1.01) and (25.77± 24.10),respectively.After the treatment of pessary,the scores decreased to (20.20±25.98), (4.48±5.88), (0.45±0.84) and (15.28± 21.53),respectively.Except for CARDI8,the PFDI scores decreased significantly after the pessary treatment (P＜0.05).Conclusion Silicone pessary is a viable noninvasive treatment for pelvic organ prolapse.It could relieve the symptoms and improve the life quality of protrusion and voiding dysfunction patients.

Cuerpo extraño cervical / Cervical foreign Body

Se presenta un caso, atendido en la consulta de patología de cuello del Hospital Provincial Universitario Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, de una paciente de 74 años de edad, antecedentes de un prolapso genital grado 3, a la cual se le recomendó el uso de pesario vaginal un año atrás con la orientación de cambiar mensualmente. La paciente difiere su reconsulta y asiste tres meses después sin haberse realizado cambio y al examinarla el pesario formaba parte del cuello del útero, se toman fotografías del caso, se revisó la literatura nacional y extranjera y no se encontró un caso similar, la colposcopia post- liberación del pesario fue normal. Se realiza un breve comentario acerca del caso

Authors present the case of a woman aged 74 seen in Cervix uteri pathology consultation of Carlos Manuel de Céspedes University Hospital, with a history of Degree 3 genital prolapse, to whom was prescribed the use of a vaginal pessary one year ago advising its monthly change. Patient postpones its consultation and came three months later without any change in its device and at vaginal examination we note that pessary was part of cervix; we took photos of this case, reviewing the national and international literature without a case similar to this; colposcopy pessary post-release was normal. We make a brief comment on this case

Uterine prolapse complicating pregnancy / 대한산부인과학회지

Uterine prolapse is extremely rare during pregnancy. However in some cases significant complications such as urinary tract infection, voiding difficulty, abortion, and preterm labor may develop. Conservative management consisted of bed rest and use of a pessary. An elective cesarean section near term is the safest mode of delivery in cases where the cervix is edematous and elongated. We present a case of a patient developing uterine prolapse at 12 weeks of gestation, treated with bed rest and use of a pessary. A repeat cesarean section was performed at 38 weeks of gestation and report with a brief review of literatures.