ABSTRACT
Phytochemical investigation on the liquid media of Pestalotiopsis microspora HF 12440, an endophytic fungusisolated from the stem of Artocarpus heterophyllus, led to the isolation of three lactones, (+)-acetylpestalotin (1),(−)-pestalotin (2), (6S,7S,8R)-hydroxypestalotin (3) and a lignan, (+)-pinoresinol (4). Interestingly, one of them (1)is a new compound, while compound 4 is reported for the first time from endophytic fungi. Structures of the isolatedcompounds were determined based on spectroscopic data, including MS, NMR 1D and 2D. Cytotoxic values of thecrude extract and all isolated compounds were evaluated against P388 cells, showing that compound 3 was the mostactive with IC50 3.34 μg/ml. Overall, this is the first phytochemical report of endophytic fungi isolated from the hostplant Artocarpus
ABSTRACT
Aims@#Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is the most productive and the highest yielding edible oil crop in the world and economic crop cultivated in Ghana. In September 2017, an outbreak of leaf spot caused by Pestalotiopsis sp. on oil palm seedlings was reported for the first time in Ghana. The disease incidence reached 85%, assuming an epidemic situation. This study is geared towards developing appropriate management strategies by identifying phytopathogenic fungi that caused leaf spot on oil palm seedlings. @*Methodology and results@#Ten symptomatic leaves were picked per plot into sterilized plastic Ziploc bags and brought to laboratory. The leaves were washed under running tap water, cut into 1 cm pieces each, surface-sterilized with 10% sodium hypochlorite solution, rinsed three times in sterile distilled water and blotted on tissue paper (Gonthier et al., 2001). The sterilized samples were transferred aseptically onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) plate containing 0.5 mg/L of chloramphenicol and subcultured till pure culture was obtained. The result showed pure white colony which was concentric, cottony and velvety with slimy black dots of conidia mass on the tip of aerial mycelia. The fungus isolated and identified from the lesions on the leaf was Pestalotiopsis sp. and its pathogenicity confirmed. @*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#The result from the study concludes that Pestalotiopsis sp. could infect E. guineensis, which developed the same symptoms observed naturally in the field after inoculation. The fungus was identified based on morphological characteristics.
ABSTRACT
Aims: Waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) are among the fastest growing waste products worldwide and solutions to their remediation are urgently needed. Bioremediation is a green approach that is helpful to minimize environmental pollution associated with Electronic waste (E-waste). The present study aimed at exploring the potential of endophytic fungi from Nepenthes ampullaria for bioremediation purposes of the plastic component in E-waste, polyurethane (PUR) polymers. Methodology and results: Endophytic fungal isolates were assessed for their ability to degrade PUR as well as their ability to utilise PUR as sole carbon source. Nine (9) out of 150 isolates demonstrated the ability to efficiently degrade polyurethane in solid medium and the top three (3) isolates were able to grow on PUR as the only carbon source. These three isolates were identified using ITS1 and ITS4 and found to be closely related to the genus Pestalotiopsis. The top two of the three isolates were then assessed for their esterase enzyme activity as well as changes in their proteome when grown with and without PUR. The highest enzymatic activity was found to be 1850.4 U/mL when tested using pnitrophenol acetate as the substrate. Analyses of the 2-dimensional electrophoresis profile revealed changes in the abundance of proteins when treated with polyurethane. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: This study is to our knowledge the first on endophytes isolated from N. ampullaria that can degrade PUR, and also their proteomes. Results obtained from this study can in the future help to reduce polyurethane wastes. Besides degrading PUR polymer, endophytic fungi produce potential valuable proteins that may find broad applications in bioremediation applications.
ABSTRACT
Chemical investigation of the fermentation broth of a Soft Coral-Derived fungus Pestalotiopsis sp., led to the isolation of a new phthalide derivative, pestalotiolide A (1), three known analogues (2, 3 and 4), along with 5'-O-acetyl uridine (5) first isolated as a natural product. The structure of the new compound (1) was established by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. Compounds 1 - 4 possessed varying degrees of antiviral activities, which was reported for the first time. Compared to the positive control ribavirin (IC50 = 418.0 microM), pestalotiolide A (1) exhibited significant anti-EV71 activity in vitro, with an IC50 value of 27.7 microM. Furthermore, the preliminary structure-activity relationship of antiviral activities was also discussed.
Subject(s)
Fermentation , Fungi , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Ribavirin , Structure-Activity Relationship , UridineABSTRACT
Acanthopanax divaricatus, a member of the Araliaceae family, has been used as an invigorant in traditional Korean medicine. During disease monitoring, a stem with small, irregular, brown lesions was sampled at a farm in Cheonan in 2011. The symptoms seen were sunken cankers and reddish-brown needles on the infected twig. The isolated fungal colonies were whitish, having crenated edges and aerial mycelium on the surface, and with black gregarious fruiting bodies. The reverse plate was creamy white. Conidia were 17~22 x 3.5~4.2 microm, fusiform, 4-septate, and straight to slightly curved. The nucleotide sequence of the partial translation elongation factor 1 alpha gene of the fungal isolate, shares 99% sequence identity with that of known Pestalotiopsis ellipsospora. Based on the results of the morphological and molecular analyses, the fungal isolate was identified as P. ellipsospora. In Korea, this is the first report of canker on A. divaricatus.
Subject(s)
Humans , Eleutherococcus , Araliaceae , Base Sequence , Fruit , Korea , Mycelium , Needles , Peptide Elongation Factor 1 , Spores, FungalABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To isolate, screen and identify the fungi from Aquilaria sinensis (A. sinensis) tree to obtain the fungi which can promote the agarwood formation.
ABSTRACT
Taxonomy of the fungus Pestalotiopsis based on morphological characters has been equivocal. Molecular characterization of ten Pestalotiopsis species was done based on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) amplifications. Results of the analyses showed that species of genus Pestalotiopsis are monophyletic. We report ITS length variations, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/deletions (INDELS) among ten species of Pestalotiopsis that did not cause any phylogenetic error at either genus or species designation levels. New gene sequences have been assigned (Gen Accession numbers from HM 190146 to HM 190155) by the National Centre for Biotechnology Information, USA.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To prove the anticancer activity of fungal taxol obtained from Pestalotiopsis pauciseta VM1 endophytic fungus of Tabebuia pentaphylla on human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay.record ethnobotanical information from a hill-dwelling aboriginal tribe of Odisha. Methods: Different concentrations of fungal taxol ranging from 100 μg to 700 μg were tested against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line showed significant decrease in the concentration of 350 μg. Results: This cell viability of control cells was consistently 85-90%, The cell shrinkage increased progressively. Conclusions: Thus, the fungal taxol isolated from Pestalotiopsis pauciseta VM1, exhibited a very high degree of in vitro cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.
ABSTRACT
O levantamento da ocorrência de doenças em plantas ornamentais poderá ser referência para os produtores e ajudar na escolha das medidas de controle adequadas. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo diagnosticar as doenças de plantas ornamentais causadas por fungos, com base nos sintomas e sinais de parte aérea das plantas, na cidade de Uberlândia, MG. A realização das análises dos materiais doentes foi feita na Clínica Fitopatológica - LAFIP do Instituto de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG. A pesquisa englobou a coleta das plantas com sintomas e catalogação de espécimes para diagnose através das amostras da parte aérea. Em seguida foram analisadas as plantas com suspeita de infecção examinando, macroscopicamente sob microscópio estereoscópico as lesões. Em seguida observou-se as estruturas do patógeno sob o microscópio ótico composto. Foram encontrados num total de 30 hospedeiros diferentes, 23 gêneros de fungos, sendo 20 fungos encontrados em folhas, 2 em caule e 1 em bráctea. Os gêneros dos fungos fitopatogênicos mais prevalentes foram Pestalotiopsis e Alternaria. Foram encontrados em maior quantidade Ascomycetes do que Deuteromycetes, no local e época amostrada. A incidência de fungos foi maior em palmeiras ornamentais.
Subject(s)
Fungi , Plants , Ascomycota , Mitosporic Fungi , AlternariaABSTRACT
Pestalotiopsis photiniae is one of the predominant pathogens of strawberry root rot disease. Based on preliminary research, it was proved that crude toxins were main pathogenic substances of the pathogen. For further investigation and utilization of toxins produced by this fungus, conditions of producing toxins were analyzed with the leaf disk method in this experiment. The result showed that pH values, cultural time, vibration, and tested temperatures obviously affected the production of toxins, except for light treatment. The most suitable culture conditions for the toxin production were pH 6.2, 25?C, darkness and stillness, for 5 d～7 d. Besides, it was discovered that crude toxins could significantly inhibit seed germination and elongation growth of roots or shoots for maize, rye and mung bean.