Artificial intelligence application in hospital pharmaceutical service：a bibliometric analysis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To analyze the current status and trend in the application of artificial intelligence in pharmaceutical service in China and globally. METHODS The research literature on the application of artificial intelligence technology in the field of hospital pharmaceutical service from database establishment to June 16， 2023， was searched in Web of Science and CNKI. The authors， countries/regions， institutions and the co-occurrence， clustering， and emergence of keywords were visually processed and analyzed using tools including Endnote， CiteSpace， and Python. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Overall， 1 190 global literature and 178 Chinese literature were included. The number of publications issued in China and globally is increasing year by year， yet a gap remains in the quantity and quality of Chinese research compared with global research. Europe and the United States have built a close cooperation network in this field， while China’s regional development in this field remains imbalanced. Global research hotspots mainly focus on the development and application of high-end technologies such as machine learning， natural language processing, and deep learning； Chinese research concentrates more on actual medical services and medical policies， especially in promoting rational drug use， prescription review， and the development of traditional Chinese medicine.

Study on the value of pharmaceutical service related to risdiplam based on follow-up data of DTP pharmacy / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To explore the value of providing pharmaceutical service related to risdiplam in direct-to-patient （DTP） pharmacies. METHODS The follow-up data of spinal muscular atrophy （SMA） patients who purchased and used risdiplam from Shangyao Yunjiankang Yiyao Pharmacy （Shanghai） Co.， Ltd. from May 2021 to January 2023 were collected. The medication information， therapeutic efficacy and the occurrence of adverse events were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS A total of 42 prescriptions were checked by pharmacists in the DTP pharmacies， and 7 prescriptions were found to be unreasonable （16.7%， 7/42）， which were corrected after the timely intervention. During the follow-up management， pharmacists replied to 4 patients （9.5%， 4/42） regarding medication consultation about medication requirements and adverse events. Two patients with type Ⅰ SMA experienced adverse events： one of them presented with fever and the other presented with skin dryness with darkening. Both of them were grade Ⅰ toxic reactions and generally did not require clinical treatment. Considering that the patient sustained low-grade fever for a long time， the pharmacist suggested symptomatic treatment under the guidance of the doctor. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacists in DTP pharmacies conducting follow-up management of risdiplam use for rare disease SMA patients can help promote rational， standardized medication for patients.

Practice and effect of construction of rational drug use mode of PIVAS by the activities of quality control circle / 药学实践杂志

Objective To establish a rational drug use model of PIVAS and promote the rational drug use in clinical practices by enhancing the quality of prescription review by pharmacists. Methods The PIVAS physician orders received from 2014 to 2021 were extracted through the hospital information management (HIS) system. The types of irrational physician orders were statistically analyzed, the improvements were made by the method of quality control circle (QCC). Results The model of PIVAS rational drug use formed a standardized process. The proficiency of physician order review was improved. From 2014 to 2021, the number and proportion of unreasonable physician orders in PIVAS decreased year by year. Every type of unreasonable physician orders was improved year by year. Conclusion The professional and technical levels of pharmacist for physician order review at our hospital were improved by the model of PIVAS rational drug use. The quality of pharmaceutical service was significantly improved which ensured the safety of patients' medication.

Design and application of auxiliary system for drug distribution in outpatient pharmacy / 药学实践杂志

Objective To construct the auxiliary system of outpatient drug distribution, reduce errors and improve the quality of outpatient pharmaceutical service. Methods The bar code technology was used to independently develop outpatient pharmacy dispensing assistant system. The system design and function are introduced. The practical application effect of the system was evaluated on dispensing errors, efficiency and pharmacist evaluation. Results Based on the special network environment of the hospital, the system integrated the functions of drug check, prescription right management, expiration date management and medication instruction. After using the system, the number of dispensing errors decreased from 84 to 25. The waiting time for patients to receive medicine decreased by 151 seconds. All pharmacists surveyed agreed that auxiliary system was helpful to pharmacists’ work. Conclusion The system reduced the medication dispensing error in outpatient pharmacy, improved work efficiency and the quality of pharmaceutical care.

Exploration of pharmaceutical service model in multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases in children / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To explore the pharmaceutical service model in multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment （MDT） of rare diseases in children. METHODS Clinical pharmacists of West China Second University Hospital （hereinafter referred to as “our hospital”） participated in the process of MDT of children’s rare diseases. Clinical pharmacists took part in the entire diagnosis and treatment process of children and established the MDT pharmaceutical service model of children’s rare diseases by formulating drug treatment plans based on evidence-based practice， improving the accessibility of drugs， pharmaceutical monitoring and drug treatment management. RESULTS From January 2021 to April 2022， clinical pharmacists of our hospital had participated in a total of 39 cases of rare diseases MDT in children， including 21 hospitalized children with rare diseases and 18 outpatient com children with rare diseases， involving a total of 23 rare diseases. Clinical pharmacists completed 45 pharmaceutical zhanglingli@scu.edu.cn rounds and 26 pharmaceutical consultations for rare diseases inpatients， 25 outpatients’ MDT and 5 pharmaceutical outpatient service for outpatients with rare diseases， 38 medication educations for inpatients and outpatients with rare diseases and 25 follow-up services for out-of-hospital patients. There were 24 cases （61.54%） of off-label drug use， involving 13 rare diseases and 16 therapeutic drugs， among which off-label drug use registration of 11 drugs had been completed or was in progress. The temporary purchase evaluations of 3 drugs had been completed； 268 cases of medical insurance drug and high-value drug prescription had been reviewed. CONCLUSIONS Our hospital have primarily established a loop pharmaceutical service model of MDT for children with rare diseases， which covers inpatients and outpatients. The model improves the availability and standardization of clinical application of therapeutic drugs， and diagnosis and treatment level for children with rare diseases in our hospital.

Evaluación de la gestión de recetas en un servicio farmacéutico de un hospital especializado

error de medicación es cualquier incidente prevenible que puede causar daño al paciente o dar lugar a una utilización inapropiada de los medicamentos, cuando estos están bajo el control de los profesionales sanitarios o del paciente, con potenciales consecuencias para estos últimos. En Paraguay las enfermedades respiratorias crónicas (EPOC, asma, etc.), junto con la diabetes, los problemas cardiovasculares y el cáncer son responsables de una alta morbi-mortalidad, registrando una prevalencia que va en aumento. Esta investigación tuvo el objetivo de evaluar las recetas prescriptas en el consultorio externo de un hospital especializado en enfermedades respiratorias y dispensadas en la farmacia, gracias a un estudio observacional de corte transversal, retrospectivo, y un muestreo no probabilístico que consistió en la revisión de recetas médicas de pacientes que acudieron al consultorio del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias y del Ambiente durante los meses de septiembre de 2015 y 2016. Los datos se registraron en planillas. Se analizaron 4828 recetas, de las cuales 2421 corresponden al mes de septiembre del 2015, y 2407 recetas que corresponden al mes de septiembre del 2016. Los errores técnicos de prescripción más frecuentes fueron la ilegibilidad y la ausencia de dosis e indicación. Por ello, se plantea la importancia de establecer un programa de gestión de riesgos en los hospitales, para implementar nuevas tecnologías que faciliten la prescripción.

Medication error is any preventable incident that may cause harm to the patient or result in inappropriate use of medications when these are under the control of healthcare professionals or the patient, with potential consequences for patients. In Paraguay, chronic respiratory diseases (COPD, asthma, etc. ), together with diabetes, cardiovascular problems, and cancer, are responsible for a high morbi-mortality in the country, with an increasing prevalence; therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the prescriptions that were prescribed in the outpatient clinic of a hospital specialized in respiratory diseases and dispensed in the pharmacy through a cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study and a non-probabilistic sampling, by convenience, which consisted of the review of medical prescriptions issued to patients of both sexes who attended the adult outpatient clinic of the National Institute of Respiratory and Environmental Diseases, during the months of September 2015 and 2016. The data were recorded in spreadsheets designed for this purpose, and a total of 4828 prescriptions were analyzed, of which 2421 correspond to the month of September 2015, with a total of 5955 drugs prescribed, and 2407 prescriptions correspond to the month of September 2016, with 6195 drugs prescribed. The most frequent technical prescription errors found in the prescriptions were the illegibility of the prescriptions and the absence of dosage and indication, being the most frequent errors for September 2015, and the absence of dosage and therapeutic indication (79.76 %)and illegibility of the prescription in September 2016 (87.00 %). Considering the legal requirements, the absence of diagnosis was the prevalent error (Sep-15: 64.19 %; Sep-16:60.08 %). This is why it is important to establish a risk management program in hospitals to implement new technologies that facilitate prescribing.

erro de medicação é qualquer incidente evitável que pode causar danos ao paciente ou resultar no uso inadequado de medicamentos, quando estes estão sob o controle dos profissionais de saúde ou do paciente, com potenciais consequências para os pacientes. No Paraguai, as doenças respiratórias crônicas (doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, asma etc.), juntamente com o diabetes, os problemas cardiovasculares e o câncer são responsáveis por uma alta taxa de morbidade e mortalidade no país, com uma prevalência crescente. Portanto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar as prescrições feitas no ambulatório de um hospital especializado em doenças respiratórias e dispensadas na farmácia por meio de um estudo observacional transversal, retrospectivo e de amostragem não probabilística por conveniência, que consistiu em uma revisão das prescrições emitidas para pacientes de ambos os sexos que frequentaram o ambulatório de adultos do Instituto Nacional de Doenças Respiratórias e Ambientais, em setembro de 2015 e 2016. Os dados foram registrados em planilhas elaboradas para esse fim, e foi analisado um total de 4.828 prescrições, das quais 2.421 correspondem ao mês de setembro de 2015, com um total de 5.955 medicamentos prescritos, e 2.407 prescrições correspondem ao mês de setembro de 2016, com 6.195 medicamentos prescritos. Os erros mais frequentes encontrados nas prescrições foram a ilegibilidade destas e a ausência de dosagem e indicação, sendo que os erros mais frequentes em setembro de 2015 foram a ausência de dosagem e indicação terapêutica (79,76%) e em setembro de 2016, a ilegibilidade da prescrição (87%). Levando em conta os requisitos legais, a ausência de diagnóstico foi o erro prevalente (set.-15: 64,19%; set.-16:60,08%). Por isso, é importante estabelecer um programa de gestão de riscos nos hospitais para implementar novas tecnologias que facilitem a prescrição.

The clinical pharmacist's role in a high-cost medicine pharmacy: Patient-centered care

Abstract In Brazil, medicine dispensing is a pharmacy service provided within the national health system that allows the pharmacist to interact directly with the patient in order to prevent, detect and solve problems related to pharmacotherapy and health needs. However, it is known that most dispensing services provided in the country are still limited to supplying medications and, at their finest, offering advice on medication utilization. Attempts to change this scenario present new challenges the area of pharmacy, which involve the need for a patient-centered pharmaceutical service model. This paper describes the patient-centered pharmaceutical service of high-cost medicine dispensing performed at a pharmacy linked to the Brazilian Unified Health System. In the model described here, the medicine-dispensing activity is the pharmacist's main field of practice, which consists of identifying patient needs related to health care itself and medication utilization. It also aims to introduce the instrument developed (a Pharmaceutical Care Protocol) that contributed to implementing this clinical service provided by the pharmacist. The protocols guide and qualify the service by providing information that helps in evaluating the effectiveness and safety of treatments and in the preparation of the care plan and can be used as a basis for other services that intend to adopt clinical pharmacy practices.

Intervenciones farmacéuticas y desenlaces clínicos en un programa de gerenciamiento de antimicrobianos / Pharmaceutical interventions and clinical outcomes in an antimicrobial stewardship program

Resumen Introducción: La participación del farmacéutico en el programa de gerenciamiento de antimicrobianos (PGAn) se ha asociado con mejores resultados. Objetivos: Describir las intervenciones farmacéuticas y desenlaces clínicos de un PGAn centrado en antimicrobianos de amplio espectro, en pacientes hospitalizados en una institución de alta complejidad. Método: Estudio observacional, prospectivo, en pacientes ingresados a una clínica de alta complejidad entre agosto de 2016 y septiembre de 2017. En el entorno de un PGAn, un farmacéutico con entrenamiento en enfermedades infecciosas evaluó e intervino la antibioticoterapia, en conjunto con el médico infectólogo, quien realizó la modificación de la antibioticoterapia pertinente. Adicionalmente, se documentó el desenlace clínico. Resultados: Se incluyeron 258 pacientes. El 16,1% de los antimicrobianos se valoró como no indicado. Se realizaron 126 intervenciones farmacéuticas con 82,5% de aceptación. El desenlace principal fue la curación clínica y/o microbiológica de la patología infecciosa. Conclusión: El problema asociado al antimicrobiano con mayor frecuencia en la población de estudio fue el espectro antimicrobiano con respecto a la sensibilidad del microorganismo. Siendo consecuentes, el de-escalamiento fue la intervención farmacéutica con mayor prevalencia. Se alcanzó un porcentaje de aceptación similar a otros estudios, de las intervenciones realizadas por el farmacéutico en el entorno del PGAn. La curación clínica y/o microbiológica fue la principal causa de egreso hospitalario.

Abstract Background: The pharmacist's participation in the antimicrobial stewardship program (AMSP) has been associated with better outcomes. Aims: To describe the pharmaceutical interventions and clinical outcomes of a PGA focused on broad-spectrum antibiotics in hospitalized patients in a tertiary healthcare setting. Method: Prospective observational study in patients admitted to a tertiary healthcare setting between August-2016 and September-2017. In the context of a AMSP, a pharmacist training in infectious diseases evaluated and intervened antibiotic therapy, with the infectious disease specialist, who performed relevant modification of the antibiotic therapy. In addition, the clinical outcome was evaluated and documented. Results: 258 patients were included. 16.1% of antibiotics were assessed as not indicated. A total of 126 pharmaceutical interventions were performed with 82.5% acceptance. The main outcome was the clinical and/or microbiological cure of infection. Conclusion: The problem associated with the antibiotic most frequently in the study population was the antimicrobial spectrum. Being consistent, de-escalation was the pharmaceutical intervention with the highest prevalence. A high percentage of acceptance of the interventions performed by the pharmacist in the environment of the PGAn was considered. Clinical and/or microbiological cure was the main cause of hospital discharge.

Antiretroviral service delivery at selected community pharmacies in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Community-based Antiretroviral Therapy models have the potentials of providing better coverage, improvingtreatment uptake, and producing good clinical outcome. This study was aimed at assessing the quality of antiretroviralservice delivery at selected community pharmacies in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A systematic cross-sectionalstudy was carried out among Human Immunodeficiency Virus/AIDS clients devolved from hospitals to communitypharmacies for antiretrovirals refills. Community pharmacy with the highest number of clients was selected fromeach of the three senatorial districts of the State. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographiccharacteristics, medical and pharmaceutical data, devolvement information, quality of services received, and level ofclients’ satisfaction. Data collected were expressed as proportions and presented graphically. All the participants hadviral load well controlled below 1,000 cells/ml; and 99.43% were on Tenofovir/Lamivudine/Efavirenz or Zidovudine/Lamivudine/Nevirapine, while only 0.57% was on Abacavir/Lamivudine/Efavirenz. As a response to reason foraccepting devolvement, “shorter waiting time” had the highest frequency, while “proximity to residence” had thelowest frequency. Drug pick-up time in hospital ranged from 4 to 10 hours, while in pharmacy, it ranged from 0 to2 hours. Majority of the participants (88.24%–100.00%) from the different districts were satisfied with the differentservices received at the community pharmacies. “Very likely” as the likelihood of recommending the program forothers had the highest frequency. The clients were well controlled on the first line antiretrovirals and were satisfiedwith the services received during medication refill.

Caracterización de la prestación del servicio farmacéutico en el departamento de Sucre, Colombia / Characterization of the provision of the pharmaceutical service in the department of Sucre, Colombia

RESUMEN Con la ejecución de este estudio se pretende evaluar el nivel de cumplimiento de los servicios farmacéuticos del departamento de Sucre con las condiciones esenciales y procedimientos establecidos en la normatividad legal vigente en el país, así como determinar las características de la prestación de este servicio. Para lo cual, se realizó un estudio descriptivo exploratorio. Primero se solicitó el censo de establecimientos farmacéuticos del departamento de Sucre a la Secretaría Departamental de Salud y Cámara de Comercio, y fue seleccionado una muestra de servicios farmacéuticos dependientes e independientes por municipios, posteriormente se diseñó una herramienta de verificación basada en los requisitos exigidos por la Resolución 1403 de 2007, la cual fue aplicada en los sitios seleccionados. En el departamento de Sucre, el 99,47% de los servicios farmacéuticos se encuentran ubicados en zonas urbanas, la prestación del servicio es predominantemente independiente, la dirección técnica es ejercida en su mayoría por químicos farmacéuticos. En cuanto al nivel de cumplimiento, los servicios farmacéuticos dependientes presentan un 70,21% de cumplimiento y los independientes, 49,61%. En conclusión, se evidencia un problema de acceso a los medicamentos en las zonas rurales y una alta proporción de servicios farmacéuticos que no hacen parte del Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud, además de falencias en cuanto al nivel de cumplimiento sobre todo en los servicios independientes, lo cual genera una gran preocupación y la necesidad de generar acciones conjuntas entre las universidades, IPS, EPS y Gobierno para garantizar el acceso, la calidad y el uso adecuado de los medicamentos.

SUMMARY The objective of this study is to evaluate the level of compliance of the pharmaceutical services of the Department of Sucre with the essential conditions and procedures established in the legal regulations in the country, as well as to determine the characteristics of the provision of this service. For which, an exploratory descriptive study was carried out. First, a census of pharmaceutical establishments from the department of Sucre was requested from the Departmental Secretary of Health and the Chamber of Commerce, and a sample of dependent and independent pharmaceutical services by municipalities was selected, after which a verification tool was designed based on the requirements demanded by Resolution 1403 of 2007, which was applied in the selected sites. In the Department of Sucre, 99.47% of pharmaceutical services are located in urban areas, the service is predominantly independent and the technical direction is exercised mostly by pharmaceutical chemists. Regarding the compliance level, the dependent pharmaceutical services have 70.21% compliance and the independent 49.61%. In conclusion, there is evidence of a problem of access to medicines in rural areas and a high proportion of pharmaceutical services that are not part of the General System of Social Security in Health, in addition to shortcomings in the level of compliance especially in independent services, which generates great concern and the need to generate joint actions among universities, IPS, EPS and government to guarantee access, quality and proper use of medicines.

Working Mode and Effect of Clinical Pharmacists Involved in Postoperative Patient-controlled Analgesia Pump Management / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To explore the working mode of clinical pharmacists involved in postoperative patient-controlled analgesia pump management and its effectiveness. METHODS: According to the postoperative analgesia pump workflow and pharmaceutical monitoring route, SPS22.0 software was used to analyze the data of patients undergoing elective surgery in the Department of Spinal Surgery and General Surgery of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2014 to December 2018. RESULTS: The patient-controlled analgesia(PCA) usage rate in spine surgery and general surgery increased. The postoperative pain control compliance rate remained above 90%, and the incidence of adverse reactions decreased year by year. CONCLUSION: Since the clinical pharmacists participated in the management of analgesic pumps, the pharmaceutical monitoring of patient-controlled analgesia pumps has improved the quality of postoperative pain management, enabling patients to receive reasonable, economical and safe drug treatment.

Modelos de atención en salud en enfermedades raras: revisión sistemática de la literatura / Healthcare Models for Rare Diseases: A Systematic Review of the Literature / Modelos de atenção em saúde em doenças raras: revisão sistemática da literatura

Resumen Las enfermedades de baja prevalencia requieren modelos de gestión diferentes a los de otras condiciones. Este trabajo buscó recoger las experiencias internacionales. Se realizaron búsquedas en numerosas bases de datos de literatura indexada y de documentos grises. Un panel de expertos de diferentes disciplinas revisó los resúmenes de la literatura y su posible adaptación al contexto colombiano. La búsqueda inicial arrojó 5604 referencias; la búsqueda manual adicionó 31 referencias, finalmente 78 artículos aportaron información útil para el análisis. Los resultados permiten afirmar que existen varios componentes de un modelo de gestión, estos son: políticas, legislación y aspectos administrativos; definición y codificación de enfermedades; investigación y educación; centros especializados, centros de excelencia y redes de atención; diagnóstico, tamizaje, prevención y promoción; inclusión de medicamentos huérfanos; rehabilitación y manejo paliativo; organizaciones de pacientes, grupos o redes de apoyo; y apoyo sociosanitario (inclusión laboral y educativa).

Abstract Low prevalence diseases require management models different from those used in other conditions. This work was intended to gather international experiences on this issue. Searches were made in many indexed literature databases as well as in those with gray literature. A panel of experts from different disciplines checked the abstracts and their potential adaptation into the Colombian context. The initial search retrieved 5604 references and the manual search added other 31 references. At the end, 78 articles provided useful information for the analysis. The results allow to state that a management model consists of several components, to wit: policies, legislation and administrative aspects; definition and coding of the diseases; research and education; specialized centers; excellence centers and service networks; diagnosis, screening, prevention, and promotion; orphan drug inclusion; rehabilitation and palliative care; organizations of patients and support groups or networks; and social-sanitary support (labor and educational inclusion).

Resumo As doenças de baixa prevalência requerem modelos de gestão diferentes aos de outras condições. Este trabalho visou coletar experiências internacionais. Realizaram-se pesquisas em numerosos bancos de dados de literatura indexada e documentos cinza. Um painel de expertos de diferentes disciplinas revisou os resumos da literatura e sua possível adaptação no contexto colombiano. A procura inicial resultou em 5604 referências; a procura manual adicionou 31 referências, por fim 78 artigos forneceram informações úteis para a análise. Os resultados permitem afirmar que existem vários componentes de um modelo de gestão, quais são: políticas, legislações e aspetos administrativos; definição e codificação de doenças; pesquisa e ensino; centros especializados, centros de excelência e redes de atendimento; diagnóstico, triagem, prevenção e promoção; inclusão de medicamentos órfãos; reabilitação e cuidados paliativos; organizações de pacientes, grupos ou redes de apoio; e apoio sócio-sanitário (inclusão laboral e educativa).

Influence of improvement of pharmacy service quality on the doctor-patient relationship / 中国基层医药

Objective To study and explore the influence of pharmacy service quality improvement on the relationship between doctors and patients .Methods Our hospital began to implement the improvement measures of quality in pharmaceutical service since January 2016,200 patients'families were randomly selected as the observation group by using cluster sampling method during 12 months of 2016.The other 200 cases'families in the 12 months of 2015 before the implementation of pharmacy services quality improvement measures were randomly selected as control group by using cluster sampling method .The waiting time to get the medicine , the incidence of pharmacy service satisfaction,error event,the quality of pharmaceutical service score ,complaint rate,incidence of medical disputes (this should be clear and concise ) of the two groups were compared by conducting a questionnaire survey .Results The waiting time to get the medicine of the observation group was (7.75 ±3.29) min,which was significantly shorter than (11.87 ±4.16)min of the control group (t=10.986,P<0.05).The satisfaction rates for pharmacy pharmacist envi-ronment,attitude,patients in the observation group were 97.50％,96.00％,94.50％,respectively,which were signifi-cantly higher than 84.50％,82.50％,82％in the control group (χ2 =26.635,18.996,15.068,all P<0.05).The pharmacy service quality score of the observation group was (89.65 ±14.52) points,which was significantly higher than (74.93 ±10.24)points of the control group (t=11.716,P<0.05).The pharmacy service error event rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (χ2 =9.225,P<0.05),and the rate of complaints,the incidence rate of medical dispute cases in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (χ2 =4.737,4.592,all P<0.05).Conclusion Application of pharmacy quality improvement measures is effective in shortening the waiting time and improving the quality of pharmaceutical care ,and it is helpful to improve the family members'evaluation to pharmacy environment , pharmacists'service attitude and their visits , thereby improving the relationship between doctors and patients and reducing the disputes between doctors and patients .

Aplicação de recursos financeiros para aquisição de medicamentos para atenção básica em municípios brasileiros / Investment of financial resources for the procurement of medicines for primary care in Brazilian municipalities

Resumo Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar o valor financeiro aplicado por habitante/ano em municípios brasileiros para aquisição de medicamentos do Componente Básico da Assistência Farmacêutica, segundo porte populacional e região geográfica do país. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados de aquisição de medicamentos, registrados na Base Nacional de Dados das Ações e Serviços de Assistência Farmacêutica, no período de julho de 2013 a junho de 2014 (n = 960). A grande maioria dos municípios (73%) aplicou um valor por habitante/ano menor do que o mínimo recomendado pela legislação vigente e, desses, 47% possuem até 20 mil habitantes. Verificou-se também que a região Norte é a que possui maior número de municípios com menor aplicação de recursos e que os da região Sudeste, em média, aplicaram um valor por habitante/ano maior e adquiriram mais itens do que aqueles das demais regiões. As disparidades regionais e demográficas na aplicação de recursos financeiros trazem como reflexão a importância da rediscussão do modelo de financiamento da assistência farmacêutica básica e da responsabilidade das esferas do SUS na gestão eficiente desse recurso para prover o acesso a medicamentos à população.

Abstract This study shows a descriptive data analysis related to the procurement of medicines for primary care in Brazilian municipalities, as recorded in the National database of Pharmaceutical Service Actions and Services for the period July 2013 - June 2014, by geographic region and population size. Nine hundred and sixty municipalities were analyzed, of which 27% invested monetary value equal to or greater than the minimum statutory recommendations and 43% of these are located in the Southeast. The North region has the highest number of municipalities with less investment. Municipalities with a population over 500,000 inhabitants used, on average, lower resources to provide more items to users. The average number of items purchased was 86 and represents 25% of the National List of Essential Medicines (Rename); 64% had a decentralized resource management and the most commonly used procurement method was "tender". The most purchased drugs are in line with the most prevalent primary care diseases. Findings showed that most municipalities invests below statutory recommendations and are located mainly in the North, Northeast and Midwest. It was not possible to establish a trend between population and amount invested per capita/year.

Resultados de seguimento farmacoterapêutico a pacientes hipertensos em farmácia comunitária privada do interior da Bahia / Results of hypertensive patients pharmacotherapeutic follow up in a private community pharmacy in Bahia / Resultados del seguimiento farmacoterapéutico a pacientes hipertensos en una farmacia comunitaria privada en Bahia

A Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica é uma doença de alta prevalência e grande morbidade, quando não tratada de forma correta. A adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso é um fator determinante no controle da doença. O objetivo deste estudo foi discutir o papel do farmacêutico, por meio dos resultados encontrados, no tratamento de pacientes hipertensos, na adesão à farmacoterapia e sua influência nos níveis pressóricos, na qualidade de vida e na satisfação dos pacientes. Foi realizada a análise dos dados obtidos por meio do seguimento farmacoterapêutico de 60 pacientes atendidos em uma farmácia comunitária privada, no município de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia. Esta análise permitiu observar uma redução significativa dos níveis de pressão arterial dos pacientes, assim como resultados positivos na satisfação com o serviço e na possibilidade de remuneração pela prestação de serviços de Atenção Farmacêutica.

Hypertension is a disease of high prevalence and high morbidity, if not treated correctly. Adherence to therapy is an important factor in controlling the progression of this disease. The objective of this study was to discuss the role of the pharmacist in the treatment of hypertensive patients, and their influence on adherence to pharmacotherapy, blood pressure control, quality of life and patient satisfaction. Data of 60 patients from a pharmaceutical care program in a private community pharmacy in the city of Vitória da Conquista, Bahia were analyzed. From this analysis, a significant reduction on blood pressure levels, as well as positive results regarding satisfaction with the service, and the possibility of compensation for the provision of pharmaceutical care were observed.

La Hipertensión Arterial Sistémica es una enfermedad de alta prevalencia y gran morbilidad, cuando no tratada de forma correcta. La adhesión al tratamiento farmacológico es un factor determinante en el control de la enfermedad. El objetivo de este estudio fue discutir el papel del farmacéutico, por medio de los resultados encontrados, en el tratamiento de pacientes hipertensos, en la adhesión a la terapia farmacológica, y su influencia en los niveles de presión arterial, en la calidad de vida, y en la satisfacción de los pacientes. Fue realizado un análisis de los datos obtenidos por medio del seguimiento farmacoterapéutico de 60 pacientes, atendidos en una farmacia comunitaria privada, en el municipio de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia. Este análisis, permitió observar una reducción significativa de los niveles de Presión Arterial de los pacientes, así como resultados positivos en la satisfacción con el servicio, y la posibilidad de remuneración por la prestación de servicios de Atención Farmacéutica.

Exploration of Pharmaceutical Service Fee Implementation and Online Pharmaceutical Service Prospect Based on a Questionnaire Survey / 中国药师

Objective: To investigate the public opinion on pharmaceutical service and explore the implementation of pharmaceutical service fee and the prospect of online pharmaceutical service in our country.Methods: Questionnaires which related to pharmaceutical service fee and online pharmaceutical service were distributed to patients and their relatives or friends, and then recycled.The data including the recycling of questionnaires, information of respondents and answers to the questions were statistically analyzed.Results: Totally 63.8% respondents considered pharmaceutical service fee was reasonable and the fee should be borne by the government finance and health care insurance.Totally 85.5% respondents thought launching online pharmaceutical service was necessary, which included online retails of medicine, consultation, medication guidance, decoction of Chinese traditional medicines, medicine delivery and so on, especially pharmacy consultation.Conclusion: Outpatients have high demands of pharmaceutical service and most of them accept online pharmaceutical service with different understandings.Pharmaceutical service fee is an inevitable trend in the development of pharmaceutical industry.More publicity and guidance should be given to improve people's acceptance of pharmaceutical service and relevant cost.Relevant departments should take full advantages of Internet and provide diversified pharmaceutical service.

Characteristics, Existing Problems and Countermeasures of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Service / 中国药师

Referred to books and literatures, the data were summarized and analyzed, and compared with western medicine phar-maceutical service to find the current problems in traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM) pharmaceutical service. According to the prob-lems and characteristics of TCM pharmaceutical service, and based on the theoretical characteristics of Chinese medicine, some sugges-tions for the development of TCM pharmaceutical service were proposed.

Success Factors for the Smoking Cessation Service of the Safe Pharmacy

OBJECTIVE: Seoul City has implemented the Safe Pharmacy in 2013. This study aimed to ascertain the success factors of the smoking cessation service of the Safe Pharmacy. METHODS: The data for the smoking cessation registration cards were obtained from the pharmacies which participated in 2014 Safe Pharmacy. The sample included 289 smokers in 6 districts who participated at least one sessions of smoking cessation service. the service included both behavioral intervention and nicotine replacement therapy. In order to identify the effectiveness of the smoking cessation service, logistic regression analysis was used. The dependent variable was the success of quitting smoking at the 4th week. The independent variables included age, sex, employment, chronic disease, district, smoking amount, registration path, supporters for quitting smoking and number of service sessions. RESULTS: Fifty eight point eight percent of the sample successfully quit smoking at the 4th week. Unemployment, higher smoking amount, and less service sessions were negatively related to the success of quitting smoking. There were differences in the success rate across districts. Age, sex, chronic disease, registration path, and anti-smoking supporters were not related to the success rate. CONCLUSION: Pharmacy can be an effective community resource for smoking cessation. Factors that could increase the effectiveness of smoking cessation service of the Safe Pharmacy and possible ways to enhance the participation of pharmacies in smoking cessation services were also discussed.

The effects of pharmaceutical service fee policy on the county-level public hospitals:A case study of five counties( districts) in Chongqing / 中国卫生政策研究

It is an important content for breaking the mechanism ofdrug-supplement-medicine that the com-pensation system of drug zero price rate should be improved in public hospitals. In this paper, we collect random sampling survey data of the implementation of zero-difference drug sales before and after which is performed in People's hospital and Traditional Chinese Medicine hospital in five counties( districts) of Chongqing city. Based on the data, the status and effects of pharmaceutical service Fee policy on the county-level public hospitals in Chongqing was evaluated by combining quantitative description with qualitative analysis in the research methods. The study shows that the compensation policy design of pharmaceutical service fee is reasonable in Chongqing city and its posi-tive effect is obvious. It has also an obvious effect on the reduction of the average outpatient and hospitalization drug expense;but it's not conducive to arouse the enthusiasm of public hospital deepening reform of the initiative because the actual compensation rate of pharmaceutical service fee is low, and the public hospital comprehensive compensa-tion mechanism and operation mechanism reform are lagging behind.

Statistics and Analysis of 20353 Cases of Pharmaceutical Consultations in a Hospital / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving pharmaceutical consultations and the quality of pharmaceutical care. METHODS:The records of pharmaceutical consultations were collected from medication consultation center of Huilong-guan district in our hospital during Jan. 2014-Dec. 2016,and then summarized in terms of consultants composition,consultation form,consulting contents and drugs consulted,while Pareto Diagram was used to analyze the main and minor factors of consult-ing contents. RESULTS:The medication consultation center provided pharmaceutical consultations 20353 cases during 2014-2016. Main consultants were patients (20039 cases,98.5%). A total of 6307 persons were involved,mostly female (3646 persons,57.8%). Face to face was the most common consulting method (19440 cases,95.5%). There were 13 types of consulting contents,among which usage and dosage and guidance for special formulation use were the main factors,including 10392 cases (51.1%) and 3844 cases (18.9%). Among 20353 cases of pharmaceutical consultations,18874 cases of in-volved drugs,and involved 11 categories,mostly respiratory drugs (11756 cases,62.3%). CONCLUSIONS:Usage and dos-age and guidance for special formulation use are the main contents of pharmaceutical consultations in the hospital district. The services of pharmaceutical consultations for patients,physicians and nurses provided by pharmacists can solve the questions on medications,and can promote rational drug use in clinic.