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Objective To study the application of implantable telemetry and whole-body plethysmography to observe the changes of circadian rhythm in conscious rats and evaluate the pharmacological safety of doxofylline, and to provide a basis for the future application of this technological system for drug safety evaluation.Methods Eight healthy SPF Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study, 4 males and 4 females.The rats were implanted with telemetry transmitters by surgery to establish a telemetry system combined with plethysmography to observe the changes of 24 h physiological parameters and circadian rhythm in conscious rats at 14 d after operation, including heart rate (HR), blood pressure, the time interval from the Q wave to point A in the ECG of the aortic pressure wave (QA interval), respiration, activity, body temperature and pulmonary function parameters.The rats were divided into 3 groups: normal control group, doxofylline 40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg groups, and the performance was validated by aerosolizing saline, doxofylline 40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg inhalation, respectively, to observe the changes in physiological parameters after the drug administration.Results The physiological parameters of rats showed obvious changes in circadian rhythms at 14 d after operation.Compared with the normal control group, the doxofylline 40 mg/kg-treated group showed significantly increased changes of HR, tidal volume (TV), minute ventilation (MV), 50% expiratory flow (EF50), peak inspiratory flow (PIF) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) (P0.05).Compared with the normal control group, the group treated with doxofylline 80 mg/kg had significantly increased HR, blood pressure, TV, MV, EF50, PIF and PEF (P0.05).Conclusions The application of implantable telemetry and whole-body plethysmography in this study does not obviously affect the circadian rhythm, and can sensitively monitor the relevant cardiovascular and respiratory parameters in conscious rats.It can be used in drug safety pharmacological research of cardiovascular and respiratory systems in conscious rats.
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The Influence of new medical model on the transformation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound,the function and principle of Chinese herbal compound,the special consideration on pharmacological evaluation of TCM compound prescription,and the important role of pharmacology evaluation on TCM compound were discussed.
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Pharmacological evaluation on the improvement of sleeping effect usingSi-Ni-San(SNS) in order to conduct further study on scientific connotation of soothing liver-qistagnation. Rats, mice and fruit flies were used as animal model. Pharmacological assessment was conducted and done on the improvement of sleep effect by SNS with the cortical EEG scanning and analysis, biochemistry, molecular pharmacological methodology and technology. SNS can prolong the sleeping time of mice which were induced by pentobarbital sodium. Its effect showed the dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. It can prolong the slow-wave sleep time in normal and sleep deprivation rats. It influenced several neurotransmitters and endogenous sleep factors in brain of normal and sleep deprivation rats. SNS can improve sleeping. The effect was closely related the effect of soothing liver-qi stagnation. The function was realized through multiple pathways and targets.
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Introducción: Justicia pectoralis Jacq. (Acanthaceae) es una especie medicinal nativa de la América tropical. En Cuba es usada en la medicina tradicional en el tratamiento de afecciones nerviosas. La industria farmacéutica cubana trabaja en el desarrollo de procesos tecnológicos para la obtención de materias primas de calidad farmacéutica a partir de productos naturales. Objetivo: desarrollar un proceso tecnológico para la obtención de extractos secos a partir de extractos acuosos de Justicia pectoralis. Métodos: se desarrolló un proceso para la obtención de extracto seco por spray drying a partir de extracto acuoso de Justicia pectoralis. La influencia que sobre el contenido de cumarina tenían la relación sólido-líquido y el tiempo de extracción fue estudiada aplicando un diseño superficie respuesta. Se estudió el proceso de secado y la posterior evaluación farmacológica del polvo seco. Resultados: estos mostraron que la relación sólido-líquido tenía una fuerte influencia estadísticamente significativa sobre la extracción de la cumarina en las condiciones de trabajo experimentadas. El tiempo de extracción y la interacción entre ambos factores no fueron significativos para el modelo de regresión estudiado. Por otro lado, la evaluación de la influencia de aditivos inertes en el proceso de secado mostró que los mejores rendimientos se alcanzaban cuando se empleaba almidón soluble 30 por ciento, y no se afectaba la actividad sedante del producto. Conclusiones: una relación sólido-líquido de 1:20 y un tiempo de extracción de 15 min resultaron las condiciones óptimas para la extracción de cumarina
Introduction: Justicia pectoralis Jacq. (Acanthaceae), is a medicinal species native to the American tropics. In Cuba it is used in folk medicine in the treatment of nervous disorders. The Cuban Pharmaceutical Industry is working on the development of technological processes for the obtention of pharmaceutical quality raw materials from natural products.Objectives: develop a technological process to obtain dry extract from aqueous extracts of J. pectoralis.Methods: a process to obtain dry extract by spray drying from aqueous extract of J. pectoralis was developed. The influence of solid-liquid r ratio and extraction time on coumarin content was evaluated by applying a response surface methodology (RSM). The drying process and later pharmacological evaluation of the dry powder were studied. Results: results show that solid-liquid ratio was the statistically significant main effect, having a strong positive influence on coumarin extraction in our working conditions. Extraction time and interaction between both factors were not significant for regression models. On the other hand, evaluation of the influence of inert additives on drying s showed that the best results were obtained with the use of 30 percent soluble starch, which did not affect sedative activity. Conclusions: a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20 and an extraction time of 15 minutes were suggested as optimum parameters for coumarin extraction
Subject(s)
Coumarins , Drug Evaluation , Plant Extracts , Tranquilizing AgentsABSTRACT
Systematic pharmacological evaluation of material basis for the efficacy of Chinese herbal formula is one of the key issues in Chinese materia medica(CMM),which is in urgent need of solution.However,its scientific connotation is still controversial in academic circles.The material basis for the efficacy of Chinese herbal formula is the total non-endogenous bioactive compound(derived either directly or indirectly from this formula) exerting the therapeutic effects,which is generated by the interaction of the formula with human body and reaches certain concentration in the target organs or tissues.Systematic evaluation of material basis for the efficacy of Chinese herbal formula is the cornerstone of modernization and internationalization of CMM,while the quality control of CMM is its prerequisite.