ABSTRACT
RESUMEN La utilización de elicitores es frecuente en la inducción de diferentes respuestas relacionadas con la resistencia sistémica de las plantas; no obstante, no se ha caracterizado el gasto metabólico que generan en el cultivo de papa variedad Diacol Capiro, que es la más utilizada para el procesamiento industrial en Colombia, debido a su calidad y alta producción. En esta investigación, se evaluó el efecto de cuatro elicitores en el crecimiento y desarrollo del cultivo de papa, en la vereda El Toval, del municipio de Tutazá, Boyacá. El diseño experimental fue en parcelas divididas, en donde la parcela principal fue la etapa fenológica, en la que se hizo la aplicación (E1; formación de tallos secundarios), época dos (E2; floración) y época tres (E3; aplicación tanto en formación de tallos secundarios como en floración) y la subparcela, con los elicitores aplicados (glucosamina, ácido γ-amino butírico, fosfito de potasio y ácido salicílico) y el testigo sin aplicación. Los datos fueron tomados a los 60, 80 y 100 días después de la siembra, teniendo como variables: altura de la planta, número de foliolos, clorofilas totales, eficiencia fotosintética, biomasa seca y producción. La glucosamina fue el tratamiento que obtuvo menores resultados en la mayoría de variables evaluadas con respecto al testigo; asimismo, los elicitores tienen efectos diferentes, dependiendo del estado fenológico del cultivo, especialmente, en la época de formación de tallos secundarios. El ácido salicílico (AS) presentó un comportamiento estadísticamente similar al del testigo, mientras que los demás elicitores aplicados, disminuyeron la producción de papa.
ABSTRACT Elicitors are frequently employed for the induction of different responses related to the systemic resistance of plants, however, it has not been fully characterized in the metabolic expenditure generated in the cultivation of the potato variety Diacol Capiro, the most planted for industrial processing in Colombia due to its quality and production. In this research, the effect of four elicitors on the growth and development of the potato crop was evaluated, in the municipality of Tutazá, Boyacá. The experimental design was divided plots, being the main plot the phenological stage in which the application was made (E1; formation of secondary stems), season two (E2; flowering) and season three (E3; application both in formation of secondary stems as in flowering) and the subplot, the applied elicitors (glucosamine, γ-amino butyric acid, potassium phosphite and salicylic acid) and the control without application. Data were taken 60, 80 and 100 days after sowing, having as variables: plant height, number of leaflets, total chlorophylls, photosynthetic efficiency, dry biomass and production. With the use of glucosamine the lowest results were obtained in most of the variables evaluated with respect to the control, likewise, elicitors had different effects depending on the phenological state of the crop, especially at the moment of secondary stem formation. Salicylic acid (AS) presented a statistically similar behavior to that of the control while the other applied elicitors decreased potato production.
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, available phosphorus (P) deficiency in soil and weed resistance to herbicides have emerged as two severe limiting factors for sustainable agriculture. Therefore, it is of urgent needs to improve plant absorption/utilization ability of the soil P, seek phosphate (Pi)-alternative P fertilizers, and develop new forms of weed control systems. Phosphite (Phi), as a P resource of relatively high amount only less than Pi in Earth, can be converted to utilizable Pi uniquely in some bacterial species by oxidization via its specific dehydrogenase (PTDH), but inhibits plant growth and development. This implies that Phi might rather become a suitable P fertilizer for plants if introducing a PTDH detoxifier from bacteria. Herein, we created the transgenic tobaccos harboring a Pseudomonas PTDH gene (PsPtx) amplified from the soil metagenome previously. RT-PCR showed that the exotic PsPtx gene could express similarly in root, stem and leaf tissues of all transgenic lines. PsPtx transgenic tobaccos could utilize Phi by oxidization as the sole Pi supply, and also outperformed wild-type tobacco with a remarkably dominant growth under Phi stress conditions. Moreover, the PsPtx gene was preliminarily evaluated with a notable quality as a potential candidate of the selection marker in plant genetic transformation. Conclusively, PsPtx and its encoded phosphite dehydrogenase might be applicable for developing a dual system of plant phosphorus utilization and weed control using Phi as P fertilizer and herbicide, and provide an effectual solution to some obstacles in the current crop transgenic studies.
Subject(s)
Oxidoreductases , Phosphites , Phosphorus , Plants, Genetically Modified , Weed ControlABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To adopt ion suppression chromatography to determine related substance in ibandronate sodium raw materials.METHODS:The separation was performed on a Dionex IonPac AS11-HC column with mobile phase consisted of potassium hydroxide (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.1 mL/min.The column temperature was set at 45 ℃,and sample size was 20 μL.Suppressed conductivity detector was adopted with temperature of 35 ℃.RESULTS:The linear ranges of phosphite,impurity Ⅰ and phosphate were 3.08-30.83 μg/mL(r=0.999 9),2.84-28.43 μg/mL(r=0.999 1),2.95-29.52 μg/mL(r=0.999 9),respectively.The limits of quantitation were 2.47,56.7,3.31 ng,and the limits of detection were 0.75,17.2,1.0 ng.RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 4.0％.The recoveries were 101.49％-103.57％ (RSD=0.7％,n=9),100.00％-104.85％ (RSD=1.8％,n=9),101.35％-104.08％ (RSD=0.9％,n=9),respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate and sensitive,and is suitable for the determination of related substance in ibandronate sodium raw materials.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To establish a gradient ion chromatography method to determine the content of foscarnet sodium injection and its related substances. METHODS: The separation was performed on an Ionpac AG18 (4 mm×50 mm, 13 μm) + AS18 column (4.0 mm×250 mm, 7.5 μm) using potassium hydroxide produced by eluent generator (EG) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL · min-1. Suppressed conductivity detection was adtopted. The column temperature was maintained at 30°C. RESULTS: The calibration curve of foscarnet sodium was linear between 2-100 μg · mL-1 (r=0.9998), and the calibration curves of the related substances were linear between 0.05-2 μg · mL-1 (r=0.9999 and r=0.9998). The intra-day and inter-day RSDs of foscarnet sodium were 0.35% (n=5) and 0.41% (n=5), respectively. The average recovery was 101%. CONCLUSION: The method is specific, sensitive and can be applied to determine the content and impurities of foscarent sodium injection.