ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the expression of phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) in the mouse testis after exposure to single heat stress (SHS).@*METHODS@#We randomly assigned 32 C57 male mice to an SHS (n = 16) and a control group (n = 16), the former bathed in water at 43 ℃ and the latter at 25 ℃ for 15 minutes. At 1 and 7 days after exposure, we harvested the testicular tissue for observation of the morphological changes of testicular cells by HE staining and determination of the location and expression of the PGAM1 protein by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.@*RESULTS@#The testis volume of the mice were reduced significantly, the spermatogenic tubules were disorganized, and the cells were reduced in number after heat stress and basically disappeared after 7 days. Immunohistochemistry showed extensive expression of the PGAM1 protein in the testicular spermatogenic tubules of the SHS-exposed mice, significantly higher than in the control group at 1 day after exposure, which was down-regulated in the testis tissue at 7 days, but still markedly higher than that in the control. Western blot exhibited significantly up-regulated expression of the PGAM1 protein after heat stress compared with that in the control group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The expression of the PGAM1 protein undergoes dynamic changes in the mouse testis after exposed to single heat stress, which is related to heat stress-induced proliferation and division of testicular spermatogenic cells.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Heat-Shock Response , Phosphoglycerate Mutase , TestisABSTRACT
Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) is upregulated in many cancer types and involved in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. However, the relationship between PGAM1 and prostate cancer is poorly understood. The present study investigated the changes in PGAM1 expression in prostate cancer tissues compared with normal prostate tissues and examined the cellular function of PGAM1 and its relationship with clinicopathological variables. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting revealed that PGAM1 expression was upregulated in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines. PGAM1 expression was associated with Gleason score (P = 0.01) and T-stage (P = 0.009). Knockdown of PGAM1 by siRNA in PC-3 and 22Rv1 prostate cancer cell lines inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and enhanced cancer cell apoptosis. In a nude mouse xenograft model, PGAM1 knockdown markedly suppressed tumor growth. Deletion of PGAM1 resulted in decreased expression of Bcl-2, enhanced expression of Bax, caspases-3 and inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. Our results indicate that PGAM1 may play an important role in prostate cancer progression and aggressiveness, and that it might be a valuable marker of poor prognosis and a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Mice , Apoptosis/genetics , Caspase 3/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement/genetics , Cell Proliferation/genetics , Gene Deletion , Gene Knockdown Techniques , Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism , Mice, Nude , Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics , Neoplasm Transplantation , PC-3 Cells , Phosphoglycerate Mutase/genetics , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism , RNA, Small Interfering , Transplantation, Heterologous , bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolismABSTRACT
Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) as one of the most important enzymes for glycolysis pathway,is highly expressed in multiple tumor tissues and negatively correlated with the prognosis of cancer patients.PGAM1 catalyzes the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) to 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PG) in glycolysis pathway,then promoting anabolic pathways,energy generation,and maintaining redox balance during cancer cell proliferation and metastasis.The small molecule PGAM1 inhibitors have emerged as a promising strategy for anti-tumor therapy.In this review,the significance of PGAM1 in tumor was reviewed and the research progress of PGAM1 inhibitors was also introduced.
ABSTRACT
Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) as one of the most important enzymes for glycolysis pathway, is highly expressed in multiple tumor tissues and negatively correlated with the prognosis of cancer patients. PGAM1 catalyzes the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) to 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PG) in glycolysis pathway, then promoting anabolic pathways, energy generation, and maintaining redox balance during cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. The small molecule PGAM1 inhibitors have emerged as a promising strategy for anti-tumor therapy. In this review, the significance of PGAM1 in tumor was reviewed and the research progress of PGAM1 inhibitors was also introduced.
ABSTRACT
Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) is upregulated in many cancer types and involved in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. However, the relationship between PGAM1 and prostate cancer is poorly understood. The present study investigated the changes in PGAM1 expression in prostate cancer tissues compared with normal prostate tissues and examined the cellular function of PGAM1 and its relationship with clinicopathological variables. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting revealed that PGAM1 expression was upregulated in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines. PGAM1 expression was associated with Gleason score (P = 0.01) and T-stage (P = 0.009). Knockdown of PGAM1 by siRNA in PC-3 and 22Rv1 prostate cancer cell lines inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and enhanced cancer cell apoptosis. In a nude mouse xenograft model, PGAM1 knockdown markedly suppressed tumor growth. Deletion of PGAM1 resulted in decreased expression of Bcl-2, enhanced expression of Bax, caspases-3 and inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. Our results indicate that PGAM1 may play an important role in prostate cancer progression and aggressiveness, and that it might be a valuable marker of poor prognosis and a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer.