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Background: Chronic kidney disease is a major public health problem worldwide. As kidney function declines, it leads to several metabolic abnormalities including dysregulation of mineral metabolism. It is also reported that hyperphosphatemia in patients with advanced kidney disease is associated with an increased risk of mortality and cardiovascular events, and is higher in dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients compared to non-dialysis CKD. However, data in the Indian context is limited. Objectives were to evaluate and compare serum phosphorus levels and associated factors in non-dialysis and dialysis CKD patients. Also, the impact of dietary phosphate restriction and the use of phosphate binders on serum phosphorus is analysed. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata, India, with 100 CKD patients: 50 non-dialysis CKD patients and 50 dialysis-dependent CKD patients. Relevant demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters including serum phosphorus, calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), alkaline phosphatase, albumin and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were collected. Data was analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Mean serum phosphorus was significantly higher in the dialysis CKD group (6.12±0.34 mg/dl) compared to the non-dialysis CKD group (4.56±0.80 mg/dl). Serum calcium and PTH were also higher while eGFR and albumin were lower in the dialysis CKD group. Serum phosphorus levels increased with advancing CKD stages in the non-dialysis group. Phosphate binder helped phosphorus control in dialysis CKD patients. Conclusions: Our study is in confluence with other reports and dietary phosphate restriction and the use of phosphate binders help optimize phosphorus levels in CKD patients.
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BACKGROUND:In recent years,a variety of lasers have been widely used in various diseases related to stomatology,including the prevention and treatment of dental caries. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of neodymium-doped:yttrium aluminum perovskite(Nd:YAP)laser combined with two remineralizers on early enamel caries in vitro. METHODS:Early enamel caries models in vitro were artificially established by 60 enamel blocks and randomly divided into 6 groups(n=10).Group A did not undergo any treatment but underwent extracorporeal pH circulation.Group B underwent remineralization of dentin(the main component of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate composite)and extracorporeal pH circulation.Group C underwent remineralization treatment of Sensodyne toothpaste(the main component of bioactive glass)and then underwent extracorporeal pH circulation.Group D received Nd:YAP laser irradiation and extracorporeal pH circulation.Group E was treated with Nd:YAP laser irradiation,with remineralization of dentin,and then with extracorporeal pH circulation.In group F,Nd:YAP laser irradiation was performed,and then Sensodyne toothpaste was used for remineralization,and the extracorporeal pH circulation was performed;the remineralization treatment was conducted twice a day,and the experimental period was 20 days.Group G was a normal control group,without caries or remineralization,but only underwent extracorporeal pH circulation.After the experiment,the microhardness,morphology and Ca/P ratio of the dental enamel surface were measured in each group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The surface microhardness value of dental enamel in groups B,C and D was higher than that in group A(P<0.000 1);the surface microhardness value of dental enamel in groups E and F was significantly higher than that in groups B,C and D(P<0.000 1),and the surface microhardness value of dental enamel in group F was significantly higher than that in group E(P<0.000 1).(2)Scanning electron microscopy showed that there were a lot of demineralized pores on the enamel surface of group A.There were mineral deposits on the enamel surface of group B,which were uneven and loose.In group C,there were a lot of mineral deposits on the enamel surface,and demineralized pores were found between the calcified masses.The enamel surface of group D was relatively flat;the demineralized pores were significantly smaller than that of group A,and the enamel column interstitium was damaged.In group E,the mineral deposits on the enamel surface were thicker and the demineralized pores were significantly reduced.The mineralized substances deposited on the enamel surface of group F were most dense and uniform and the demineralized pores were small.(3)The Ca/P ratio on the enamel surface of groups B and C was significantly higher than that of group A(P<0.000 1);the Ca/P ratio on the enamel surface of group E was significantly higher than that of groups B,C and D(P<0.000 1),and the Ca/P ratio on the enamel surface of group F was higher than that of group E(P<0.001).(4)These findings indicate that bioactive glass,casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate composite,and Nd:YAP laser after enamel demineralization can promote the remineralization of early enamel caries.Nd:YAP laser combined with bioactive glass or casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate composite can further strengthen the remineralization of dental enamel caries,and the combination of Nd:YAP laser and bioactive glass has the best effect.
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BACKGROUND:Oxidative stress plays a critical role in intervertebral disc degeneration.As a reducing material with good biocompatibility,black phosphorus quantum dots have the potential to resist oxidative stress and retard intervertebral disc degeneration.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of black phosphorus quantum dots on scavenging reactive oxygen species in the microenvironment of an intervertebral disc through in vivo and in vitro experiments,and further explore the role of black phosphorus quantum dots in Nrf2/ARE pathway and intervertebral disc inflammation.METHODS:Black phosphorus quantum dots were prepared by a liquid exfoliation technique.(1)In vitro experiment:The nucleus pulposus cells of SD rats were isolated and extracted,and the passages 2-4 nucleus pulposus cells were cocultured with different solutions,including F12-DMEM medium(blank group),black phosphorus quantum dot solution,hydrogen peroxide solution,hydrogen peroxide+black phosphorus quantum dot solution,hydrogen peroxide+black phosphorus quantum dot+Nrf2 specific inhibitor ML385 solution.Cell live/dead staining and intracellular reactive oxygen species,mitochondrial membrane potential and western blot assay were performed respectively.(2)In vivo experiment:Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation,puncture and puncture + black phosphorus groups,with 10 rats in each group.A Co7-10 intervertebral disc degeneration model was established using intervertebral disc puncture in the puncture group and the puncture+black phosphorus group.Black phosphorus quantum dot solution was injected in the intervertebral disc after a puncture in the puncture+black phosphorus group.The intervertebral disc tissue imaging and histological staining were evaluated at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In vitro experiment:Live/dead staining revealed that the black phosphorus quantum dots had good biocompatibility,were non-toxic to cells,and had a protective effect on nucleus pulposus cells under oxidative stress.Intracellular reactive oxygen species and JC-1 fluorescent probes showed that black phosphorus quantum dots could regulate the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential caused by oxidative stress in nucleus pulposus cells and protected cells from hydrogen peroxidation-induced intracellular oxidative stress.Western blot analysis showed that compared with the blank group,the protein expressions of Nrf2,heme oxygenase 1,quinone oxidoreductase and type Ⅱ collagen were decreased in the hydrogen peroxide group(P<0.05),while the protein expressions of tumor necrosis factor α,interleukin 1β,matrix metalloproteinase 13 and p65 were increased(P<0.05).The addition of black phosphorus quantum dots could reverse the inhibitory effect of hydrogen peroxide on the Nrf2 pathway and reduce the inflammatory response caused by oxidative stress,but NrF2-specific inhibitors could cancel this effect.(2)In vivo experiment:X-ray and MRI demonstrated that at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery,the intervertebral disc height and water content of nucleus pulposus in the puncture group were lower than those in the sham operation group(P<0.05),and the intervertebral disc height and water content of nucleus pulposus in the puncture+black phosphorus group were higher than those in the puncture group(P<0.05).Histological staining exhibited that the degree of intervertebral disc degeneration in the puncture+black phosphorus group was less than that in the puncture group,and the expression of heme oxygenase 1 protein was higher than that in the puncture+black phosphorus group.(3)Our results have indicated that black phosphorus quantum dots can exert an antioxidant effect and delay intervertebral disc degeneration by regulating Nrf2/ARE pathway.
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Objective:To explore the effect of intraparathyroid injection of 1,25 bishydroxyvitamin D3[1,25(OH)2D3]under the guidance of B-mode ultrasound on calcium-phosphorus metabolism and muscle function of patients with hyperparathyroidism associated with vitamin D deficiency and(or)insufficiency.Methods:A total of 60 patients with hyperparathyroidism associated with vitamin D deficiency and(or)insufficiency who were diagnosed at the 904th hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Service Support Force from January 2020 to June 2022 were selected,and they were divided into observation group and control group according to random number table,with 30 cases in each group.Patients in the observation group received intraparathyroid injection of 1,25(OH)2D3,and those in the control group received oral 1,25(OH)2D3.Before and after 2 weeks of treatment,the characteristics of ultrasound images of two groups were observed,and the calcium-phosphorus level,parathyroid hormone(PTH),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),25 hydroxyvitamin D(25 OHD),1,25(OH)2D3,and urinary calcium(UCa)and urinary phosphorus(UP)at 24h of them were detected.In addition,the skeletal muscle strengths and functions of the two groups were measured.Results:Before treatment,ultrasound images showed the dorsal side of the inferior pole of left lobe of thyroid gland were hypoechoic lesion,and they appeared uniform high enhancement at the arterial phase.After treatment,there was no significant enhancement in the arterial phase of the lesion,which appeared"cavity".The blood calcium levels[(2.06±0.11)mmol/L and(2.21±0.12)mmol/L]of observation group and control group after treatment were significantly higher than those[(1.92±0.02)mmol/L and(1.93±0.03)mmol/L]before treatment,while the blood phosphorus levels[(0.92±0.11)mmol/L and(1.11±0.07)mmol/L]of them after treatment were significantly lower than those[(1.24±0.02)mmol/L and(1.25±0.03)mmol/L]before treatment,and the differences were significant(t=6.859,12.399,15.677,10.069,P<0.05),respectively.Both blood calcium level and blood phosphorus level after treatment of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=5.047,7.982,P<0.05),respectively.The PTH and ALP levels of two groups after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment,and the PTH and ALP levels after treatment of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=28.125,12.605,P<0.05),respectively.The blood 25OHD,1,25(OH)2D3 and UCa level at 24 h of two groups after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment,while the UP level at 24-hour after treatment was lower than that before treatment.The blood 25OHD,1,25(OH)2D3 and UCa at 24 h after treatment in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group,while the UP level at 24h after treatment in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group,with statistical significance(t=9.6763,5.269,45.086,3.387,P<0.05),respectively.The bone density values of L1-4 and femoral neck of two groups after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment,and the bone density values of L1-4 and femoral neck after treatment in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group,with statistical significance(t=26.944,2.355,P<0.05).The grip strength and walking speed of the skeletal muscles of two groups after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment,and the above indicators after treatment in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group,with statistical significance(t=2.711,3.093,P<0.05),respectively.Conclusion:There will be calcification in the gland of patient with hyperparathyroidism associated with vitamin D deficiency and(or)insufficiency,whose ultrasound appearance is strong echo with different shapes.B-mode ultrasound-guided intraparathyroid injection of 1,25(OH)2D3 can reduce the incidence of fracture.
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Objective:To retrospectively analyze a pediatric case of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets treated with Burosumab and improve clinicians′ awareness of the safety and effectiveness of the drug.Methods:Clinical data of the child were collected. Whole-exon genetic testing after parental consent confirmed X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets. During 18 months of Burosumab treatment, fasting blood phosphorus, alkaline phosphate, calcium, and calcium phosphate product were monitored every 11-14 days. Parathyroid hormone and 25 hydroxyvitamin D were checked every 2-6 weeks, while knee spacing, liver and kidney function, urinary calcium creatinine ratio, electrocardiogram were assessed every 3 months. Radiological imaging was performed every 6 months, with continuous follow-up of the child.Results:Whole-exon sequencing results showed a c. 1080_1081insCAATGTTA(p.T361Qfs*3) spontaneous heterozygous frameshift mutation in the PHEX gene in the child, which has not been reported previously. After the patient was treated with Burosumab for 18 months, the biochemical indexes were significantly improved, and the rickets score was reduced, without gingival abscess or other adverse events.Conclusion:The variant c. 1080_1081insCAATGTTA(p.T361Qfs*3) in the PHEX gene was identified as the cause of the patient′s condition. Burosumab, as a targeted therapeutic agent for X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets, showed significant treatment efficacy.
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Introduction. Metabolic bone disease of premature infants is a rare complication characterized by a lower mineral content in bone tissue. Objective. To establish the incidence of metabolic bone disease in premature infants and to determine associated risk factors. Materials and methods. We conducted a descriptive prospective cohort study for one year in all newborns under 32 gestational weeks, or 1,500 g, at the Hospital Universitario de Santander to determine the incidence of metabolic bone disease. We collected demographic data and prenatal histories of the selected patients, and later, we measured serum alkaline phosphatase and serum phosphorus at the third week of birth, having as reference values for diagnosis less than 5.6 mg/dl for the first one and more than 500 UI/L for the second one. We applied statistical tools for data analysis, such as average proportions, dispersion, distribution and association measures, and binomial regression. Results. From a total of 58 patients, 7 had a diagnosis of metabolic bone disease, with an incidence of 12%. The weight was reported as an independent variable for the development of the disease, being significant in children under 1,160 g, as well as prolonged parenteral nutrition for more than 24 days. When performing the multivariate analysis, low weight and short time of parenteral nutrition appeared as risk factors; in the same way, maternal age below 22 years is associated with a higher relative risk, even more than a newborn weight inferior to 1,160 g. Conclusion. Establishing an early intervention in patients with metabolic bone disease enhancing risk factors, such as low weight and prolonged parenteral nutrition, is critical to prevent severe complications.
Introducción. La enfermedad metabólica ósea de neonatos prematuros es una complicación poco común que se caracteriza por una disminución del contenido mineral en el hueso. Objetivo. Establecer la incidencia de la enfermedad metabólica ósea en neonatos prematuros y los factores de riesgo asociados. Materiales y métodos. Durante un año, se realizó un estudio prospectivo de cohorte, descriptivo, con todos los neonatos nacidos con menos de 32 semanas de gestación o un peso menor de 1.500 g en el Hospital Universitario de Santander. Se recolectaron datos demográficos y antecedentes prenatales de los pacientes seleccionados. A la tercera semana de nacimiento, se midieron la fosfatasa alcalina y el fósforo sérico, tomando como valores de referencia diagnóstica aquellos inferiores a 5,6 mg/dl para el primero y aquellos mayores de 500 UI/L para la segunda. Para el análisis de la información, se emplearon herramientas estadísticas, como proporciones de promedios, medidas de dispersión, distribución y asociación, y regresión binomial. Resultados. De un total de 58 pacientes, 7 tuvieron diagnóstico de enfermedad metabólica ósea, con una incidencia del 12 %. De las variables estudiadas, el peso se reportó como una variable independiente para el desarrollo de la enfermedad, significativa en aquellos neonatos con peso menor de 1.160 g, al igual que la nutrición parenteral prolongada por más de 24 días. Al hacer el análisis multivariado, La edad materna menor de 22 años representó un riesgo relativo mayor, en comparación con un peso inferior a 1.160 g. Conclusión. Se estableció la importancia de una intervención temprana en pacientes con factores de riesgo para enfermedad metabólica ósea, como bajo peso (menor de 1.160 g) y nutrición parenteral prolongada (mayor de 24 días), con el fin de prevenir complicaciones graves.
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Humans , Bone Diseases, Metabolic , Infant, Premature , Phosphorus , Vitamin D , Alkaline PhosphataseABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Burosumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against the fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), has been approved for the treatment of X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH). We conducted a systematic review to compare the efficacy and safety of burosumab versus conventional therapy (phosphorus and calcitriol) on XLH treatment. After a comprehensive literature search on MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase, we found nine studies for inclusion in the analysis. Risk of bias was assessed, and a random-effects model was used to determine the effect size. Clinical, biochemical, and radiological parameters of disease severity before and after treatment were analyzed and expressed in standardized mean difference (SMD). Burosumab resulted in normalization of phosphate homeostasis with an increase in renal tubular phosphate reabsorption and significant resolution of skeletal lesions (change in Thacher's total rickets severity score SMD: −1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.76 to −1.17, p < 0.001, improvement in deformities, and decline in serum alkaline phosphatase levels [SMD: 130.68, 95% CI: 125.26-136.1, p < 0.001)]. Conventional therapy led to similar improvements in all these parameters but to a lower degree. In adults, burosumab normalized phosphorus levels (SMD: 1.23, 95% CI: 0.98-1.47, p < 0.001) with resultant clinical improvement. Burosumab treatment was well tolerated, with only mild treatment-related adverse effects. The present review indicates a potential role for burosumab in improving rickets, deformities, and growth in children with XLH. Given its superior efficacy and safety profile, burosumab could be an effective therapeutic option in children. We suggest further studies comparing burosumab versus conventional therapy in children and adults with XLH.
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The current study, which was conducted at the Agricultural Research Farm of Rama University in Mandhana, Kanpur, India, was titled Effect of varying amounts of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P2O5), and Potassium (K2O) on growth and development of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinesis Osbeck) plants. In terms of maximum plant height (83.57 cm), maximum number of leaves (421.04), maximum number of branches (26.36), maximum stem diameter (3.04 cm), maximum spread of canopy (42.36 cm), maximum length of inter-nodes (9.68 cm), and maximum chlorophyll content (4.58 mg/g), the results showed that treatment T2 (850 g / plant Nitrogen, 600 g / plant Phosphorus, and 850 g / plant Potash) achieved the best results followed by treatment T9 (800 g / plant Nitrogen, 400 g / plant Phosphorus and500 g / plant Potash) and the minimum was recorded in T4(700g / plant Nitrogen, 400g / plant Phosphorus and 400g / plant Potash).
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Due to high yielding and short duration hybrid pearl millet got populized in last few years under pearlmillet-mustard/wheat cropping system but its required higher nutrient as compared to composite varieties but farmers apply only N and little amount of P which is responsile for low yield therefore, the present study was carried out during kharif 2021 and 2022 with 12 treatments of different sources which are chemical fertilizers, vermicompost (VC) and bio-fertilizers(Azotobacter and PSB) and application methods (seed treatment, soil and foliar application) of nitrogen and phosphorus in RBD with 3 replications. The resulted indicated that the application of 100% Nitrogen and Phosphorus by chemical fertilizers produced significantly higher yield attributes (length and girth of cobs) and yield parameter (grain and stover yield and harvest index) of pearlmilletas compared to 50 and 75% NP treatments. Maximum grain yield 29.87 q ha-1) was noted with integration of chemical, organic and bio fertilizers (75% NP + Seed treatment by Azoto + PSB + 5 t VCha-1) which was significantly higher over rest of all other treatments. Minimum yield parameters were noted with control (0 % NP). Application of vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 with 75 per cent of NP and inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB improved test weight and protein content.
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Aims: Influence of levels of phosphorus on yield components and yield of zero till maize in rice-maize (Zea mays L.) sequence.Methodology: Field experiment was conducted during two successive years at College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad on rice-zero till maize sequence. The experiment was replicated thrice with 5 levels of P2O5 in rice and 3 levels of P2O5 in maize.Results: The direct application of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 to maize recorded significantly higher value of yield components, grain and stover yield of maize over lower Phosphorus levels. The residual effect of 100% and /or 75% RDP (recommended dose of Phosphorus) applied to rice had a greater positive influence on the yield components and yield over lower phosphorus levels. The cumulative effect indicated that application of 100% RDP to both the crops and 75 % RDP to rice and 100% RDP to maize had a positive effect on maize and produced significantly greater yield components and yield over other phosphorus treatments.
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An experimental trial carried out on topic for the two repeated year 2021-22, start from rabi seasons at research farm of soil science and agricultural chemistry prayagraj. The geographical co-ordinates of the university campus are approximately 25.47690 N latitude and 81.85740 E longitude and 98 meters (322 feet) the area of prayagraj district comes under subtropical belt in the south east of uttar pradesh, which experience extremely hot summer and fairly cold winter. The maximum temperature of the location reaches up to 460C - 480C and minimum temperature is 40C - 50C. The relative humidity ranged between 20 to 94 percent. The average rainfall in this area is around 1100 mm annually. the designed lay out 48 total soil was sandy loam and samples were taken from different depths 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm the conjunctive use of N, P, & K and different vermicompost and rhizobium the treatment T16 [RDF @ 100 % + VC @ 100 % + Rhizobium @ 100 %] plant height (cm), number of branches, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod plant-1, grain yield, seed weight, gave best results. The maximum B:C ratio was achieved in treatment T16 [RDF @ 100 % + VC @ 100 % + Rhizobium @ 100 %], i. e. 1.95 and 2.18, for chick pea cv. aruna during respectively years and was found at par than any other treatment.
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The present investigation was carried out in Rabi (winter) season 2022-23 at Agronomy Research Farm of Chandra Bhanu Gupta Post Graduate College, Bakshi ka Talab, Lucknow (U.P). The treatments comprised of four nitrogen levels viz., 0, 15, 30 and 45 kg N ha-1 with four phosphorus levels viz., 0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P2O5 were tried in Factorial Randomized Block Design. The soil was silty-loam texture with slightly alkaline pH 8.1, organic carbon 0.70 %, available nitrogen 270.00 kg ha-1, available phosphorus 27.0 kg ha-1, and available potash 262.0 kg ha-1 during 2022- 2023. The rainfall received during the crop period was 0.00 and 0.02 mm, respectively. The relative humidity was recorded maximum during month of December study while, the sunshine ranged from 2.3 to 9.1 during crop period. Increasing levels of nitrogen and phosphorus significantly increased most of the growth and yield attributing characters viz., plant height, number of branches, dry matter accumulation and yield attributes viz., number of pods plant-1, number of grains pod-1, grain weight and test weight were significantly higher with 45 kg N ha-1 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 and superior to other doses of nitrogen and phosphorus. Yield studies viz., Grain yield, straw yield and biological yield were significantly higher with 45 kg N ha-1 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 and superior to other doses of nitrogen and phosphorus. The N and P content % and uptake increased with increasing levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. The highest nutrient content and uptake were recorded with 45 kg N ha-1 with 60 kg P2O5 ha-1. Economics analysis viz., gross return, net return and benefit cost ratio was recorded highest with 45 kg N ha-1 + 60 kg P2O5 while lowest with control. Thus for obtaining better yield and profit apply 45 kg N ha-1 in combination with 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 for lentil.
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The excess use of chemical fertilizers is hazardous for soil and environmental health. To reduce the level of chemical fertilizers the field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2016-17 at horticulture research farm, Department of Horticulture, U. P. College, Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with nine treatments. These treatments were replicated thrice. The treatments included various levels of NPK, FYM, vermicompost, Phosphorus Solubilizing Mycorrhiza. Economic analysis of different treatments of cabbage production in Varanasi region (Uttar Pradesh) revealed variation in net capital investment. The results show that among different integrated nutrient management (INM) levels, half dose of NPK ha-1 + Vermicompost @ 2.5 tons ha-1 + Azospirillum @ 5kg ha-1 + Phosphorus Solubilizing Mycorrhiza @ 5 kg ha-1 has highest net return followed by half dose of NPK ha-1 + FYM @ 15 tons ha-1 + Phosphorus Solubilizing Mycorrhiza @ 5 kg ha-1 + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1. Lowest net return was observed with half dose treatment of NPK ha-1 + FYM @ 15 t ha-1. Cabbage crop nutrition by supplying recommended dose of NPK ha-1 (150 kg: 125 kg: 100 kg) recorded highest cost-benefit ratio (3.11) while, half dose of NPK ha-1 + FYM @ 15 t ha-1 gives lowest cost-benefit ratio (2.05) among the all INM levels.
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We aimed to study nutrient status in Phulpur block of Prayagraj District of Uttar Pradesh, India. We collected representative soil samples covering nine villages of Phulpur division at depths like 0-15cm, 15-30cm and 30-45cm before sowing of crops. The soil samples were analyzed for their physico-chemical properties. Results show that the soil samples of the areas of the Phulpur division were found to be mildly alkaline and non-saline. There are many reasons leading to soil quality deterioration, including changes in land use types of forest to arable land and the consequences of intensive land use. The colour of soil changes between the three depths at all locations. There were differences in the colour of dry and wet soils was dark brown to dark yellowish brown. The soil bulk density varied from 1.22 to 1.41 Mg m-3, soil particle density varied from 2.291 to 2.452 Mg m-3, pore space from 41.6 to 48.2 %, water holding capacity from 36.60 to 43.30 % respectively. Soil pH varied from 7.26 to 7.84 and EC is 0.24 to 0.38 dS m-1. while soil organic carbon varied from 0.29 to 0.45 % and available nitrogen from low to medium (180 to 275 kg ha-1), available phosphorous from medium to high (10.80 to 22.5 kg ha-1), potassium was found to be medium range (132.00 to 231.00 kg ha?1), exchangeable calcium and magnesium low from (3.48 to 5.50 Meq 100g-1) and (1.66 to 2.72 Meq 100g-1) respectively. The water pH of varied from 6.24 to 7.50, the electrical conductivity of water ranged from 0.31 to 0.90 dS m-1, the bicarbonate of water varied from 7 to 18 Meq L-1, the chloride of water varied from 4.5 to 10.4 Meq L-1, the available calcium of water varied from 4.2 to 8 Meq L-1, the available magnesium of water varied from 2.5 to 3.6 Meq L-1, the potassium of water varied from 0.05 to 0.17 Meq L-1 and the sodium of water varied from 0.08 to 0.21 Meq L-1. The sodium absorption ratio (SAR) ranged from 0.03 to 0.1 Meq L-1, indicating low to moderate levels of sodium content in the water samples. The soluble sodium percent (SSP) ranged from 1.47 to 3.93 Meq L-1, providing further insight into the sodium content in the water. The residual sodium carbonate (RSC) varied from -2.4 to 7.4 Meq L-1. The permeability Index (PI) ranged from 28 to 56 Meq L-1, serving as an indicator of the potential impact of water on soil permeability, the Kelley's ratio (KR) ranged from 0.08 to 0.024 Meq L-1. The KR is a measure of the sodium hazard in irrigation water, with lower values indicating a lower risk of sodium-related issues in soil and crops. The range of the irrigation water quality index value ranged from 44 to 157 Meq L-1 it was determined that 100% of the samples are in suitable range for irrigation.
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Field experiments were conducted at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during Kharif and Rabi seasons of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 to study the Phosphorus dynamics in relation to nutrient management in rice- blackgram cropping sequence with respect to changes in soil nutrient status. Results of two years (2017-2019) experimentation revealed that at all growth stages of rice, significantly highest available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil were recorded with application of RDNK+Dhaincha @ 10t ha-1 (M3) and this was on par with RDNK+ Sunhemp @ 10t ha-1(M2), whereas lowest was recorded in RDNK (M0) alone in both seasons of study. Among the P levels the available nutrient status (N, P and K) were increased with the increasing level of P from 0 (P1) to 120 kg P2O5 (P5) ha-1, irrespective of the nutrients imposed to rice crop. Significantly highest was recorded in P5 (120 kg P2O5 ha-1) and this was on par with P4 (90 kg P2O5 ha-1), whereas the lowest was recorded in treatment P1 that received 0 kg P2O5 ha-1.
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A field experiment titled “Effect of Phosphorus and Boron on Growth and Yield of Rice Bean” conducted during the Zaid season of 2022 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. To study the Response of Phosphorus and Boron on the growth and yield of Rice Beans. The treatments consist of Phosphorus 20, 40, 60 kg/ha and Boron (Borax 0.01% 20 DAS, Borax 0.02% 40 DAS, and Borax 0.03% 60 DAS). The experiment was laid down in a Randomized Block Design with ten treatments which are replicated thrice. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), and low in organic carbon (0.35%). Results obtained that the higher plant height (106.90 cm), higher number of nodules (30.94), higher number of branches (8.84) higher plant dry weight (49.25 g/plant), a higher number of pods/plant (26.25), higher number of seeds/pod (7.19), higher 1000 seed weight (58.19 g), higher seed yield (2.10 t/ha) and higher stover yield (4.66 t/ha) were significantly influenced with application of Phosphorus 60 kg/ha + Boron 0.03% at 60 DAS. Higher gross return (INR 1,15,500.00 /ha), higher net return (INR 84,155.70/ha) and higher B:C ratio (2.68) were also recorded in treatment-9 (Phosphorus 60 kg/ha + Boron 0.03% 60 DAS).
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A study was carried out in four agro-ecological units (AEUs), viz., southern laterites (AEU 8), south central laterites (AEU 9), north central laterites (AEU 10), and the northern laterites (AEU 11) of Kerala, with the objective of detailing the soil fertility status of the study area and unveiling the relationship between organic carbon (OC) and various biological properties of soils, like population of phosphorus solubilizers and acid phosphatase activity, by following one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings of the study revealed that the average values of OC among the four AEUs varied from 0.63 to 0.82%, and remarkably, 98% of the collected soils displayed OC content ranging from 0.5 to 1.5%. The mean values for the population of phosphorus solubilizers ranged from 3.12 to 3.34 log cfu g-1 soil. The acid phosphatase activity also varied across the study area, with mean values ranging from 24.84 to 30.70 µg p-nitrophenol produced g-1 soil h-1, and most of the collected soils showed activity between 25 and 50 µg p-nitrophenol produced g-1 soil h-1. Implementation of effective soil management practices, in accordance with soil test results, is imperative for the preservation and enhancement of organic carbon levels through the incorporation of organic matter, such as compost and cover crops, while minimizing the excessive use of chemical fertilizers. This approach not only augments organic carbon content but also enhances the biological properties of soils, thereby improving soil fertility and overall soil health.
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The field experiment was conducted during the kharif season under the AICRP on Long-Term Fertilizer Experiment at the Research Farm, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.), India. The investigation was carried out to assess the distribution of P fractions in Vertisol after the harvesting of the soybean crop. Eight treatments were imposed with four replications in a simple randomized block design. The treatments were applied in combination with different doses of fertilizer viz., T1 (50% NPK), T2 (100% NPK), T3 (150% NPK), T4 (100% N), T5 (100% NP), T6 (100% NPK+FYM), T7 (100% NPK-S), and T8 (control). Through the findings, the soil pH and electrical conductivity (dS m-1) did not show significant changes even after the long-term application of various fertilizer levels compared to their initial values. The treatment with 100% NPK + FYM exhibited the highest organic carbon (g kg-1) content and available N, P, and K (kg ha-1) content over the control. The various forms of phosphorus in the soil were observed in the following order: Ca-P > Fe-P > Al-P > Occluded-P > Saloid-P . The Ca-P content was highest when 100% NPK fertilizer and farmyard manure (FYM) were used together. The analysis showed that the presence of saloid-P significantly influences the availability of phosphorus in Vertisol soil. Based on the current investigation, it is recommended to use integrated nutrient management, which includes both 100% NPK fertilizer and FYM, to prevent phosphorus deficiency in soybean cultivation in Vertisol.
ABSTRACT
The field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2018-19 at the Agricultural Research Farm of Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India. This study aimed to investigate the effects of varying levels of phosphorus and inoculation with Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) on nutrient content and uptake in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in a custard apple-based agri-horticultural system. The experimental design employed a Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications and twelve treatments, resulting in a total of 36 plots. The treatments ranged from different levels of phosphorus and PSB inoculation, denoted as T1 to T12. The study assessed the impact of these treatments on nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content in grain and straw, as well as their uptake by chickpea. Findings reveal that higher PSB levels and phosphorus applications led to increased nitrogen and phosphorus content and uptake in both grain and straw, demonstrating a significant synergistic effect. Conversely, potassium content and uptake exhibited limited response to PSB inoculation. Moreover, protein content and yield in grain and straw significantly improved with these treatments.
ABSTRACT
The experiment was conducted during the Summer season 2022, at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Science, Prayagraj (U.P.) to find out the “Effect of Nano phosphorus on growth and yield of different varieties of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and Yield validation using SPSS model”. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising of 9 treatments which include 3 varieties Kadiri Lepakshi (K1812), Kadiri 6 (K6) and Kadiri 9 (K9) and 3 Different levels of nano phosphorous 2ml/litre, 4ml/litre and 6m/litre. Whose effect is observed in Ground nut varieties The result was observed in K-1812 by the application of nano phosphorus at the rate of 6 ml/lit was recorded maximum plant height (61.39 cm), plant dry weight (42.34 g/plant), number of pods per plant (32.87), seed index (42.09 g), pod yield (2.98 t/ha) and haulm yield (4.46 t/ha) and harvest index (40.07 %) were recorded in K-1812 with application of Nano phosphorus at the rate of 6 ml/lit respectively. At the same time higher gross return (1,25,307.00 INR/ha), net return (88,467.35 INR/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.40).Treatment 3 has shown 42.28% increase over predicted yield where as there were 10.88% increase in treatment 7 over predicted yield through SPSS model.