Estrés, ansiedad y consumo de drogas legales en trabajadores de la industria / Stress, anxiety and consumption of legal drugs in industry workers

INTRODUCCIÓN. El estrés y la ansiedad provienen de diferentes situaciones, pudiendo generar un aumento en el consumo de drogas lícitas. OBJETIVO. Valorar el estrés percibido, ansiedad, consumo de alcohol y tabaco en trabajadores operativos de una empresa de metal mecánica de la ciudad de Querétaro. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio transversal, descriptivo. Se aplicaron 4 formatos a través del uso de una plataforma digital, obteniendo la participación de 46 trabajadores. Se consideraron a trabajadores de ambos sexos, con una antigüedad mínima de 1 año. Se implementó una escala de estrés percibido, la escala de ansiedad de Hamilton, el Test Audit y una encuesta de consumo de tabaco. El análisis de los datos se llevó a cabo por en los programas SPSS versión 25 y Excel para Windows. El protocolo fue evaluado y aprobado por el Sub-Comité de Investigación y Bioética de la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro. RESULTADOS. El promedio de edad fue de 33.48 años y 55.3% fueron varones. 28% sobresalieron de resto en el estrés percibido. 2% de los participantes manifestó una ansiedad muy severa y 7% moderada.15% se encuentra en la zona II de consumo de alcohol y han sido fumadores el 28.3% de los trabajadores. CONCLUSIÓN: Es necesario poder abordar al total de trabajadores y valorar de manera más cercana las variables estudiadas. Se identificaron casos de personas con situaciones de estrés y ansiedad que es necesario regular. Una vinculación con el departamento de salud sería la más conveniente.

INTRODUCTION: Stress and anxiety come from different situations, and can generate an increase in the consumption of legal drugs, especially in the work-industrial environment. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between stress and anxiety with the consumption of legal substances in industry workers. METHODS: Several forms were applied through a digital platform, obtaining the participation of 47 workers of a company in Querétaro, where the frequency of consumption of legal drugs was evaluated, the data collection was carried out by the SPSS program version 14, the study lasted 6 months. RESULTS. Age average was 33.48 years and 55.3% were male. 28% obtained outstanding results in stress. 2% of participants had a very severe anxiety and 7% moderate. 15% is on zone two of alcohol consumption and have been smokers 28.3% of workers. CONCLUSION. It is necessary to address with all workers and value in a close way all studied variables. Some cases of stress and anxiety were identified, and it is necessary to approach. It is necessary a bonding with health department of the company.

Validação do questionário de saúde e performance para policiais e bombeiros militares (QSPM) / Validation of health and performance questionnaire for military police and firefighter (QSPM) / Validation of health and performance questionnaire for military police and firefighter (QSPM)

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver e analisar a validade de conteúdo, constructo e a fidedigni-dade de um questionário para avaliar a demanda física e operacional, saúde e condições de trabalho em policiais e bombeiros militares. O Questionário de Saúde e Performance para Militares (QSPM) foi desenvolvido por pesquisadores militares e não militares, a validade foi analisada com o índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC), análise fatorial exploratória e a fidedignidade com o percentual de concordância (%C), coeficiente Kappa e alfa de Cronbach. Nove juízes participaram da validação de conteúdo, 732 militares (15% mulheres) participaram da etapa de validação de constructo e 262 militares (18% mulheres) responderam duas vezes ao QSPM para a verificação da fidedignidade. As análises foram realizadas no software SPSS 26 e o nível de significância mantido em 5%. O QSPM apresentou o IVC de 0,98 e variância total explicada em 54,7%. A reprodutibilidade apresentou valores de %C entre 97,2 - 100,0%, Kappa entre 0,94 - 1,00 (p < 0,05) e alpha de Cronbach entre 0,80 - 1,00 (p < 0,05). Conclui-se que o QSPM apresentou validade de conteúdo, constructo e fidedignidade para avaliar a frequência da demanda física e operacional, as condições de saúde e de trabalho de policiais e bombeiros militares

The aim of this study was to develop and analyze the content and construct validity and reliability of a questionnaire to assess the performance, health and working conditions of police officers and military fire-fighters (QSPM). Civilian and military personnel carried out the development of the QSPM. The validity was analyzed by the content validity index (CVI), factor analysis, and the reproducibility by the simple agreement (%SA), the Kappa coefficient, and Cronbach's alpha. Nine experts participated in the content validation, 732 military personnel (15 women) participated in the construct validation, and 262 military (18% women) answered the QSPM twice to measure reproducibility. The QSPM had a CVI of 0.98. In the exploratory factorial analysis, when considering four factors, and the total explained variance was 54.7%. The reproducibility showed %SA values varying between 97.2 to 100.0%, Kappa values varying between 0.94 to 1.00 (p < 0.05 for all questions) and, Cronbach's α values varying between 0.80 to 1.00 (p < 0.05 for all questions). In conclusion, the QSPM showed content validity, construct validity and reliability to measure the frequency of physical-operational demand, the presence of morbidities, and the working condi-tions of police officers and firefighters

A Study on Family Function Assessment and Simple Coping Style Questionnaire of Parents with Cleft Lip and Palate Children / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To explore the family function and simple coping style of parents with cleft lip and palate, and to promote the improvement of their emotional and family problems, and to provide some basis for the prevention of psychological problems in children with cleft lip and palate. Methods A total of 79 parents of cleft lip and cleft palate children under 6 years old were surveyed by means of family function scale and simple coping style scale.Results The was statistical significance in the correlation analysis of family function scale, solve the problem of (r=0.237, P ＜ 0.05), behavioral control (r=0.267, P ＜ 0.05). Simple coping style scale correlation analysis of positive coping in age of parents and parents showed significant statistical difference (r=-0.246, P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Parents of children with cleft lip and palate have poor ability to deal with emotional reaction and problem solving when stimulating, such as emotional and emotional expression and confession, family members' lack of information communication and language communication, etc, in the face of unexpected events and dangerous situations, the behavior control model is not good, and it is easy to be at a loss; and the older parents are, the fewer positive coping styles they take. The family function and coping style of parents are of great significance to the physical and mental health of children with cleft lip and palate, and psychological intervention should be carried out in time.

Impacto de un programa cuerpo-mente basado en ejercicios de fisioterapia y técnicas psicológicas en el bienestar psíquico de una población de pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 / Impact of a Body Mind Program Base on Physiotherapeutic Exercises and Psychological Techniques in the Psychic Welfare of a Diabetics Patients Type 2

RESUMEN En los pacientes con diabetes tipo 2, el riesgo de sufrir algún tipo de malestar psicológico con síntomas de depresión y ansiedad, es aproximadamente el doble que en población normal. Cuando son síntomas relacionados con condiciones concomitantes, físicas y psicológicas deben ser tratados. El objetivo de este trabajo, fue examinar los efectos de un programa de ejercicios de fisioterapia y técnicas psicológicas, en el bienestar psíquico de una población diabética. El programa de 12 semanas se aplicó en 25 pacientes y se evaluaron: dolor, tensión arterial, antropometría, analítica sanguínea y bienestar psíquico (cuestionario de Goldberg de 28 ítems: GHQ-28). A pesar de la edad (84 % < de 65 años), solo el 12 % trabajaban, debido a su situación clínica de alto riesgo cardiovascular, presencia de comorbilidades (96 %) y dolor asociado. Todo ello afectaba negativamente el bienestar psíquico de los pacientes que puntuaron alto en el GHQ: disfunción social (14.8 ± 2.2), síntomas somáticos (13.5 ± 3.6), ansiedad e insomnio (11.9 ± 3.4) y depresión severa (9.2 ± 4.4). La situación clínica determinó el diseño del programa, que mostró gran eficacia terapéutica para el dolor y el aumento del bienestar psicológico, con gran repercusión en la puntuación total del GHQ, en los síntomas somáticos y en la disfunción social, aunque en la ansiedad e insomnio y la depresión los cambios fueron menores. En síntesis, el programa mejoró el bienestar físico y psíquico de la muestra, lo que aumenta la evidencia sobre la opción de incluir fisioterapia y psicología para tratar las circunstancias que causan malestar psíquico en la diabetes.

ABSTRACT Diabetic patients are around twice as likely to suffer from anxiety and depression symptoms as the general population. When these symptoms are related to concurrent conditions they should be treated. The objective of this study has been to examine the effects of a physical therapy exercises and psychological techniques program, in mental wellness of a diabetic population. The twelve weeks program was applied in 25 patients. Pain, arterial pressure, anthropometry, blood samples and mental wellness (with 28 items Goldberg questionnaire: GHQ-28) were evaluated. Though they were relatively young (84 % < than 65 years), only 12 % were working, due to the high cardiovascular risk clinical situation, the existence of comorbidities (96 %) and the associated pain. These facts negatively affected the mental wellness of the people, so they scored high in GHQ questionnaire: social dysfunction (14.8 ± 2.2), somatic symptoms (13.5 ± 3.6), anxiety and insomnia (11.9 ± 3.4) and severe depression (9.2 ± 4.4). The clinical situation determined the design of the program, which showed good treatment effects for pain and general mental wellness, with high effect sizes, in GHQ total score, in somatic symptoms and in social dysfunction, though in anxiety and insomnia and severe depression the effect size was small. In conclusion, the program improved physical and psychological wellness of our patients. The evidence for inclusion of physical therapy and psychology techniques in the management of concurrent conditions in diabetes, source of mental discomfort, had been reinforced.

Anxiety, stress and depression in family members of patients with heart failure / Ansiedad, estrés y depresión de familiares de pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca / Ansiedade, estresse e depressão de familiares de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca

Abstract OBJECTIVE Identifying the level of anxiety, stress and depression symptoms in family members of patients with heart failure; identifying the relationship between these feelings with sociodemographic and clinical variables. METHOD A cross-sectional study carried out with 100 family members. Depression, anxiety, and stress were evaluated by the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories and the Perceived Stress Scale - 10. The relationship between feelings and variables was performed through the t-test, Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTS Mean depression was 8.24, anxiety was 77.95, and stress was 17.43. The correlation coefficient between depression and anxiety and depression and stress was 0.53, and it was 0.66 between anxiety and stress. Females (p=0.002, p=0.031), smoking (p=0.05, p=0.011) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.023, p=0.001) were related to anxiety and stress, respectively. Family income lower than five minimum wages (p=0.012) was related to depression, and regular/poor self-perceived health status related to the three feelings. CONCLUSION Family members did not present high levels of these feelings. The scales were directly correlated with each one another and some variables were related to stress, anxiety and depression.

Resumen OBJETIVO Identificar el nivel de ansiedad, estrés y síntomas de depresión de familiares de pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca; identificar la relación entre dichos sentimientos con las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. MÉTODO Estudio transversal compuesto de 100 familiares. La depresión, la ansiedad y el estrés fueron evaluados por los Inventarios de Depresión y Ansiedad de Beck y la Escala de Estrés Percibido ‒ 10. La relación de los sentimientos con las variables fue realizada por la prueba t, Mann-Whitney o Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTADOS El promedio de depresión fue de 8,24, ansiedad, 7,95 y estrés, 17,43. El coeficiente de correlación entre depresión y ansiedad y depresión y estrés fue de 0,53 y de 0,66 entre ansiedad y estrés. Sexo femenino (p=0,002; p=0,031), tabaquismo (p=0,05; p=0,011) y sedentarismo (p=0,023; p=0,001) se relacionaron con ansiedad y estrés respectivamente. Renta familiar menor que cinco salarios mínimos (p=0,012) se relacionó con depresión, y autoevaluación de salud regular/mal se relacionó con los tres sentimientos. CONCLUSIÓN Los familiares no presentaron niveles elevados de esos sentimientos. Las escalas estuvieron directamente correlacionadas entre sí y algunas variables se relacionaron con estrés, ansiedad y depresión.

Resumo OBJETIVO Identificar o nível de ansiedade, estresse e sintomas de depressão de familiares de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca; identificar a relação entre esses sentimentos com as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas. MÉTODO Estudo transversal composto por 100 familiares. A depressão, a ansiedade e o estresse foram avaliados pelos Inventários de Depressão e Ansiedade de Beck e pela Escala de Estresse Percebido ‒ 10. A relação dos sentimentos com as variáveis foi realizada pelo teste t, Mann-Whitney ou Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTADOS A média de depressão foi de 8,24, ansiedade, 7,95 e estresse, 17,43. O coeficiente de correlação entre depressão e ansiedade e depressão e estresse foi de 0,53 e de 0,66 entre ansiedade e estresse. Sexo feminino (p=0,002; p=0,031), tabagismo (p=0,05; p=0,011) e sedentarismo (p=0,023; p=0,001) se relacionaram com a ansiedade e estresse respectivamente. Renda familiar menor que cinco salários mínimos (p=0,012) se relacionou com a depressão, e autoavaliação de saúde regular/ruim se relacionou com os três sentimentos. CONCLUSÃO Os familiares não apresentaram níveis elevados desses sentimentos. As escalas foram diretamente correlacionadas entre si e algumas variáveis se relacionaram com estresse, ansiedade e depressão.

Factors Influencing the Quality of Life of Prostate Cancer Patients

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of erectile capacity, lower urinary tract symptoms, self-esteem, and resilience on the quality of life of prostate cancer patients. METHODS: Data were collected using a self–reported questionnaire survey. Participants were 140 patients diagnosed and treated for prostate cancer in hospitals in Busan and Daegu cities. Measured variables were erectile capacity, lower urinary tract symptoms, self-esteem, resilience and quality of life. RESULT: Erectile capacity, lower urinary tract symptoms, self-esteem, and resilience all had significant effects on quality of life. Explained variance for quality of life was 40.6% and lower urinary tract symptoms was the most significant factor affecting the quality of life of prostate cancer patients. CONCLUSION: The results from this study suggest that erectile capacity, lower urinary tract symptoms, self-esteem, and resilience should be considered the main influential factors when developing intervention strategies to increase the quality of life of prostate cancer patients.

El trabajo con familias en políticas sociales: Intervención e invención en psicología social comunitaria

El artículo reflexiona sobre algunas características de la intervención psicosocial con familias en el marco de las políticas sociales actuales, desde la perspectiva de la Psicología Social Comunitaria (PSC). Las condiciones producidas por el Estado han transformado el campo de intervención, así como los cambios en las familias uruguayas desafían a la política social hacia las mismas. Se trata de elucidar cómo se construye la problemática de las familias en extrema vulnerabilidad, los sentidos que tiene la misma para la intervención y las tensiones que se producen entre el sujeto de la política y el que postula la PSC. Luego centra la discusión en la dimensión metodológica propiamente, planteando la singularidad y potencialidad que adquiere la intervención psicosocial en el marco de las "metodologías de proximidad" que se promueven en la actualidad. Haciendo foco en las posibilidades que adquiere el vínculo entre el operador y los sujetos, como potenciador de transformaciones micro-políticas. El texto se cierra con el planteamiento de algunos desafíos tanto para una política social que atienda los cambios en las familias uruguayas, como para la PSC en tanto se vuelve necesario incorporar nuevas estrategias teóricas y metodológicas en los abordajes con las mismas.

The article reflects on the psychological intervention with families in the context of current social policies, from the perspective of Community Social Psychology (PSC). The conditions produced by the state have transformed the field of intervention and changes in Uruguayan families challenge the social policy towards them. It is to elucidate how the problems of families living in extreme vulnerability is constructed, the way it has the same for intervention and tensions that occur between the subject of social policy and that postulates the PSC. After the discussion focuses on the proper methodological dimension, considering the uniqueness and potential to acquire psychological practices in the framework of the "proximity methodologies" that are promoted today. Focusing on the potential acquires the link between the operator and the subject of politics, as an enhancer of micro-political transformations. As well as the need to incorporate new theoretical references in approaches with families from the perspective of the PSC. The text ends with the approach of some challenges for social policy towards families and opens an invitation to think about working with families as a stage where various social inequalities are reproduced. Also about building them as a collective subject and the possibilities and limitations of generating psychological practices that favor a subjective positioning of these, within the meaning of political action for the transformation of inequalities.

Respuestas adaptativas de mujeres en climaterio y menopausia / Adaptative responses of women during climateric and menopause

Resumen

Introducción: el climaterio y menopausia son acontecimientos propios del género femenino, es un fenómeno fisiológico que se presenta en un periodo vulnerable debido al proceso reproductivo que está concluyendo.

Objetivo: determinar cómo se adaptan en su ambiente laboral y familiar las mujeres en esta etapa de su vida.

Metodología: descriptiva y transversal, el tamaño de la muestra se determinó a través de muestreo no probabilístico, se estudiaron 130 mujeres entre 45 y 60 años de edad, se utilizó un instrumento de 25 preguntas para cada grupo. El grupo I estuvo integrado por mujeres que laboran en el espacio público y el grupo II por mujeres que se dedican al hogar.

Resultados: a menor edad son más las mujeres que acudieron a consulta, el nivel de escolaridad fue más alto para el grupo I, los signos y síntomas que más manifestaron ambos grupos fueron: cefalea, bochornos, fatiga, disminución del deseo sexual, crisis repentinas de llanto, irritabilidad, depresión, entre otros; adaptándose a través de la ministración de analgésicos, bañarse y salir a caminar. Con base en la teoría de Callista Roy, se considera que el grupo I (ambiente laboral) se adaptan más a los cambios hormonales en climaterio y menopausia, no así las mujeres que se dedican al hogar, estas se sienten incomprendidas, rechazadas, con autoestima baja y no les reconocen su trabajo.

Summary

Introduction: the climacteric, or menopause, is a female event. It is a physiological phenomenon that occurs in a vulnerable period due to the conclusion of the reproductive process.

Objective: to determine how women in this stage of life adapt in their family and work environments.

Methodology: the study design was descriptive and transversal. A nonprobability sample of 130 women between the ages of 45 and 60 were interviewed with an instrument of 25 questions. Group 1 consisted of 60 women who work outside of the home. Group 2 consisted of 70 women who work in the home.

Results: younger women were more likely to come for consultation. Group 1 had a higher educational level. Both groups experienced headaches, hot flashes, fatigue, decreased sexual desire, crying episodes, irritability, and depression. Adaptation was through the use of analgesics, taking a bath, and going for walks. Based in Roy’s Adaptation Model, we saw that the women in Group 1 (working women) adapted more easily to the hormonal changes of the climacteric than did the women of Group 2 (homemakers), who experienced low self esteem, felt misunderstood, rejected, and that their work was unappreciated.