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OBJECTIVE@#Gut microbiome is an intricate micro-ecosystem mediating the human health and drug efficacy. Physalis alkekengi (PAL) is an edible and time-honored traditional Chinese medicine. Several pharmacological effects of PAL have been verified and gut bacteria are implied in its therapeutic actions. However, the detailed modulation of PAL on gut bacterial species and on gut fungi remains largely unknown. We, therefore, designed a preliminary experiment in normal mice to reveal the modulation effect of PAL on both gut bacteria and fungi, and explore the interaction between them.@*METHODS@#Herein, the aqueous extract of PAL was orally administrated to normal C57BL/6 mice for four weeks. The full-length 16S rRNA and ITS1/2 gene sequencing were explored to detect the taxa of gut bacteria and gut fungi after PAL treatment, respectively.@*RESULTS@#Oral administration of PAL notably enriched anti-inflammatory bacterial species such as Duncaniella spp. and Kineothrix alysoides, whereas decreased pro-inflammatory species such as Mucispirillum schaedleri. Simultaneously, PAL increased the abundance of gut fungi Aspergillus ochraceus, Cladosporium sp. and Alternaria sp., and decreased Penicillium janthinellum. Correlation network analysis identified two co-existing microbial groups (groups 1 and 2) that were negatively associated with each other. The group 1 comprised PAL-enriched bacteria and fungi, while group 2 was mainly normal chow-enriched bacteria and fungi. In group 1, Antrodia monomitica, Aspergillus clavatus, Mortierella kuhlmanii and Sarcinomyces sp. MA 4787 were positively correlated with Bifidobacterium globosum, Romboutsia ilealis and so on. In group 2, Chaetomium subspirilliferum, Septoria orchidearum and Cephaliophora tropica were positively related to Lactobacillus spp.@*CONCLUSION@#Altogether, this preliminary study first demonstrated the modulation effect of PAL on both gut bacteria and gut fungi, which may shed light on the elucidation of PAL's pharmacological mechanism.
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Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents in the ethyl acetate extract from Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS column chromatographies. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data. Results: These compounds were identified as 4, 7-didehydroneophysalin B (1), 4′-methoxy kaemferol (2), physalin O (3), 25, 27-dihydro-4, 7-didehydro-7-deoxyneophysalin A (4), physalin G (5), p-couramic acid (6), physalin E (7), 4, 7-didehydrophysalin B (8), physalin D (9), 6, 6′, 7, 7′-tetrahydroxy-5, 5′-bicoumarin (10), and luteolin-7-O-α-D-glueopyranosid (11). Conclusion: Compounds 10 and 11 are isolated from the plants in family Solanaceae for the first time. Compound 6 is firstly reported from the plants of Physalis L., and compounds 2 and 8 are obtained from this species for the first time.
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Objective: To study the chemical constituents in the fruits of Physalis alkekengi var francheti. Methods: The piperazine constituents were isolated and purified with repeated silica gel column chromatography and RP-preparative HPLC. Their structures were determined by NMR spectroscopy. Results: Thirteen compounds were isolated and elucidated as (3S, 6R)-3-isopropyl-6-(2- methyl propyl)-2, 5-piperazine diketone (1), (3S, 6S)-3-isobutyl-6-isopropyl-2, 5-piperazine diketone (2), (3S, 6S)-3, 6-two(2-methyl propyl)-2, 5-piperazine diketone (3), (3S, 6S)-3, 6-di-isopropyl-2, 5-piperazine di-ketone (4), (3S, 6R)-3-(2-methyl propyl)-6-benzyl- 2, 5-piperazine diketone (5), (3S, 6S)-3-isobutyl-6-benzyl-2, 5-piperazine diketone (6), (3S, 6S)-3-isopropyl-6-(p-hydroxy benzyl)-2, 5-piperazine diketone (7), (3S, 6R)-3-isopropyl-6-(p-hydroxy benzyl)-2, 5-piperazine diketone (8), (3S, 6R)-3-(2-methyl propyl)-6- (p-hydroxy benzyl)-2, 5-piperazine diketone 9), (3S, 6S)-3-isobutyl-6-(p-hydroxy benzyl)-2, 5-piperazine diketone (10), (3S, 6S)-3- isopropyl-6-benzyl-2, 5-piperazine diketone (11), (3S, 6R)-3-isobutyl-6-(2-methyl propyl)-2, 5-piperazine diketone (12), and (3S, 6S)-3-benzyl-6-(p-hydroxy benzyl)-2, 5-piperazine diketone (13). Conclusion: Compounds 1-13 are firstly obtained from this plant.
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Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents in persistent calyx of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii. Methods: Various colume chromatographies over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and HPLC were used to separate the chemical constituents and their structures were elucidated by physicochemical property, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and MS. Results: Four chemical constituents were obtained and identified as caffeic acid ethyl ester (1), 25, 27-dehydro-physalin L (2), physalin D (3), and cuneataside E (4). Conclusion Compound 2 is a new natural product, and compound 4 is isolated from the plant for the first time.
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Objective To study the active constituents of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii MethodsThe compounds were separated by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 chromatography method, their structures were identified on the spectral analyses and physical data. Results Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as ?-sitosterol (Ⅰ), physalin A (Ⅱ), physalin B (Ⅲ), physalin O (Ⅳ), physalin L (Ⅴ), physalin M (Ⅵ), daucosterol (Ⅶ), ombuine (Ⅷ), 5, 4′, 5′-trihydroxy-7, 3′-dimethoxy-flavonol (Ⅸ), luteolin (Ⅹ), and luteolin-7-O-?-D-glucopyranoside (Ⅺ). Conclusion Compound Ⅸ is a new compound named physaflavonol.