Ingurgitación mamaria desde la fisioterapia a través de agentes físicos y técnicas manuales: revisión sistemática con meta-análisis / Breast Engorgement from Physical Therapy using Physical Agents and Manual Techniques: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis / O ingurgitamento mamário abordado a partir da fisioterapia por meio de agentes físicos e técnicas manuais: revisão sistemática com meta-análise

Objetivo:analizar la evidencia de estudios previos sobre las diferentes alternativas de tratamientos con el uso de agentes físicos y técnicas manuales utilizados en la fisioterapia para la ingurgitación mamaria a nivel internacional. Material y método:estudio de revisión sistemática con meta-análisis según el pro-tocolo prisma. Búsqueda en las bases de datos de Scopus y Medline a través de PubMed, publicados desde el 01 de enero de 2015 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2021. La estrategia de búsqueda empleó los siguien-tes términos: breastengorgement, treatment, breastfeeding, six-pointengorgementscale, physiotherapy, breastcancer, physicaltherapy. Los 5 estudios elegidos para esta revisión sistemática fueron valorados con la Escala pedro para conocer la calidad metodológica. Resultados:diferencias medias estandarizadas oscilaron entre 0,5959 y 2,7373, la mayoría de las estimaciones positivas. El resultado promedio difirió significativamente de cero (z = 3,5686, p = 0,0004). Según prueba Q, los resultados reales parecen ser heterogéneos (Q (5) = 23,2212, p = 0,0003, tau² = 0,4759, I² = 83,6163%). Intervalo de predicción del 95 % para los resultados reales viene dado por -0,3733 a 2,5931. Un intervalo de predicción del 95 % para los resultados reales viene dado por -3,6762 a 11,5933. Conclusiones: las técnicas estudiadas disminuyen el dolor y la congestión mamaria, sin embargo, se ha visto que la combinación entre ellas puede favorecer aún más la mejora de los mismos. Al aplicarse en las mujeres con ingurgitación generaron beneficios a corto y largo plazo para disminuir el dolor y la ingurgitación mamaria

Objective: To analyze the evidence of previous studies on the different treatment alternatives with the use of physical agents and manual techniques used in physiotherapy for breast engorgement at an international level. Method: Systematic review study with meta-analysis according to the prisma pro-tocol. Search in Scopus and Medline databases through PubMed, published from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2021. The search strategy employed the following terms: breast engorgement, treatment, breastfeeding, six-point engorgement scale, physiotherapy, breast cancer, Physical therapy. The 5 stu-dies chosen for this systematic review were assessed with the PEDro Scale for methodological quality. Results: Standardized mean differences ranged from 0.5959 to 2.7373, most of the positive estimates. The average result differed significantly from zero (z = 3.5686; p = 0.0004). According to Q test, the actual results appear to be heterogeneous (Q(5) = 23.2212; p = 0.0003; tau² = 0.4759; I² = 83.6163%). The 95% prediction interval for the actual results is given by −0.3733 to 2.5931. A 95% prediction interval for the actual results is given by −3.6762 to 11.5933. Conclusions: The techniques studied decrease breast pain and engorgement; however, it has been seen that the combination between them can further favor their improvement. When applied in women with engorgement, they generated short and long term benefits in reducing pain and breast engorgement

Objetivo: analisar as evidências de estudos anteriores sobre as diferentes alternativas de tratamento com uso de agentes físicos e técnicas manuais utilizadas na fisioterapia para ingurgitamento mamá-rio internacionalmente. Material e método: estudo de revisão sistemática com meta-análise segundo protocolo prisma. Pesquisa nas bases de dados Scopus e Medline por meio do PubMed, publicadas de 1º de janeiro de 2015 a 31 de dezembro de 2021. A estratégia de busca utilizou os seguintes termos: breastingorgement, treatment, breastfeeding, six-pointengorgementscale, physiotherapy, breastcancer, physi-caltherapy. Os 5 estudos escolhidos para esta revisão sistemática foram avaliados com a Escala pedro para determinar a qualidade metodológica. Resultados: as diferenças médias padronizadas variaram de 0,5959 a 2,7373, com a maioria das estimativas positivas. O resultado médio diferiu significativamente de zero (z = 3,5686, p = 0,0004). Segundo o teste Q, os resultados reais parecem ser heterogêneos (Q (5) = 23,2212, p = 0,0003, tau² = 0,4759, I² = 83,6163%). O intervalo de previsão de 95% para resultados reais é dado por -0,3733 a 2,5931. Um intervalo de previsão de 95% para os resultados reais é dado por -3,6762 a 11,5933. Conclusões: as técnicas estudadas reduzem a dor e a congestão mamária, porém, constatou-se que a combinação entre elas pode melhorar ainda mais a sua melhora. Quando aplicados em mulheres 2024com ingurgitamento, geraram benefícios de curto e longo prazo para reduzir a dor e o ingurgitamento mamário.

A study on application of semi-quantitative risk assessment models in furniture industry / 预防医学

Objective To explore the suitable risk assessment model for printing industry, we evaluated the risk of furniture industry using models provided by Singapore Ministry of Manpower (MOM) . Methods According to the occupational-disease-prevention laws and regulations, we improved the MOM and increased the risk assessment of physical agents. Then, we evaluate the risk of furniture industry using the improved MOM. Results The range of wood dust was 1.9-8.9mg/m3, and the percent of pass was 50%. The range of formaldehyde, benzene, methylbenzene and dimethylbenzene was 0.24-0.36 mg/m3, <0.6mg/m3, 3.8-6.7mg/m3 and 6.1-16.1mg/m3 respectively, and their percent of pass was 100%. Furthermore, the noise intensity was 80.8 dB (A), which was under the occupational exposure limit. The risk level of wood dust, formaldehyde, benzene and noise was high, while the risk level of methylbenzene and dimethylbenzene was moderate. Conclusion The improved semi-quantitative risk assessment was appropriate for furniture industry, but its applicability in industrial enterprise needs to be studied further.

High voltage pulsed current in collagen realignment, synthesis, and angiogenesis after Achilles tendon partial rupture

ABSTRACT Objective To verify the efficacy of high voltage pulsed current in collagen realignment and synthesis and in angiogenesis after the partial rupturing of the Achilles tendon in rats. Method Forty male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups of 10 animals each: sham, cathodic stimulation, anodic stimulation, and alternating stimulation. Their Achilles tendons were submitted to direct trauma by a free-falling metal bar. Then, the treatment was administered for six consecutive days after the injury. In the simulation group, the electrodes were positioned on the animal, but the device remained off for 30 minutes. The other groups used a frequency of 120 pps, sensory threshold, and the corresponding polarity. On the seventh day, the tendons were removed and sent for histological slide preparation for birefringence and Picrosirius Red analysis and for blood vessel quantification. Results No significant difference was observed among the groups regarding collagen realignment (types I or III collagen) or quantity of blood vessels. Conclusion High voltage pulsed current for six consecutive days was not effective in collagen realignment, synthesis, or angiogenesis after the partial rupturing of the Achilles tendon in rats.

Can transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation improve achilles tendon healing in rats?

BACKGROUND: Tendon injury is one of the most frequent injuries in sports activities. TENS is a physical agent used in the treatment of pain but its influence on the tendon's healing process is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of TENS on the healing of partial rupture of the Achilles tendon in rats. METHOD: Sixty Wistar rats were submitted to a partial rupture of the Achilles tendon by direct trauma and randomized into six groups (TENS or Sham stimulation) and the time of evaluation (7, 14, and 21 days post-injury). Burst TENS was applied for 30 minutes, 6 days, 100 Hz frequency, 2 Hz burst frequency, 200 µs pulse duration, and 300 ms pulse train duration. Microscopic analyses were performed to quantify the blood vessels and mast cells, birefringence to quantify collagen fiber alignment, and immunohistochemistry to quantify types I and III collagen fibers. RESULTS: A significant interaction was observed for collagen type I (p=0.020) where the TENS group presented lower percentage in 14 days after the lesion (p=0.33). The main group effect showed that the TENS group presented worse collagen fiber alignment (p=0.001) and lower percentage of collagen III (p=0.001) and the main time effect (p=0.001) showed decreased percentage of collagen III at 7 days (p=0.001) and 14 days (p=0.001) after lesion when compared to 21 days. CONCLUSIONS: Burst TENS inhibited collagen I and III production and impaired its alignment during healing of partial rupture of the Achilles tendon in rats.

Skinfold thickness affects the isometric knee extension torque evoked by Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation

BACKGROUND: Subcutaneous adipose tissue may influence the transmission of electrical stimuli through to the skin, thus affecting both evoked torque and comfort perception associated with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). This could seriously affect the effectiveness of NMES for either rehabilitation or sports purposes. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of skinfold thickness (SFT) on maximal NMES current intensity, NMES-evoked torque, and NMES-induced discomfort. METHOD: First, we compared NMES current intensity, NMES-induced discomfort, and NMES-evoked torque between two subgroups of subjects with thicker (n=10; 20.7 mm) vs. thinner (n=10; 29.4 mm) SFT. Second, we correlated SFT to NMES current intensity, NMES-induced discomfort, and NMES-evoked knee extension torque in 20 healthy women. The NMES-evoked torque was normalized to the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque. The discomfort induced by NMES was assessed with a visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: NMES-evoked torque was 27.5% lower in subjects with thicker SFT (p=0.01) while maximal current intensity was 24.2% lower in subjects with thinner SFT (p=0.01). A positive correlation was found between current intensity and SFT (r=0.540, p=0.017). A negative correlation was found between NMES-evoked torque and SFT (r=-0.563, p=0.012). No significant correlation was observed between discomfort scores and SFT (rs=0.15, p=0.53). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue (as reflected by skinfold thickness) affected NMES current intensity and NMES-evoked torque, but had no effect on discomfort perception. Our findings may help physical therapists to better understand the impact of SFT on NMES and to design more rational stimulation strategies.

Caracterización de pacientes con quemaduras corneales / Characterization of patients with corneal burns

Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de 150 pacientes con quemaduras de la córnea (en un total de 194 ojos), atendidos en el Cuerpo de Guardia de Oftalmología del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero hasta diciembre del 2009, a fin de caracterizarles según algunas variables clinicoepidemiológicas. Las lesiones predominaron en el sexo masculino y las edades de 35-44 años, y fueron causadas en su mayoría por radiaciones ultravioletas y álcalis, fundamentalmente en ambientes laborales. El uso de corticoides tópicos en la fase inicial, favoreció la aparición de úlceras corneales; sin embargo, la conducta médica adecuada permitió la evolución favorable en 78,7 % de los afectados. Se recomendó diseñar un programa de intervención educativa en la población, para prevenir estas quemaduras oculares.

An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of 150 patients with corneal burns (with a total of 194 eyes), assisted in the Ophthalmology emergency room belonging to "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, was carried out from January to December, 2009, in order to characterize them according to some clinical and epidemiological variables. The lesions prevailed in the male sex and in the 35-44 years age group, and they were caused mostly by ultraviolet radiations and alkali, fundamentally in working environments. The use of topical corticoids in the initial phase, favored the emergence of corneal ulcers; however, the appropriate medical behavior allowed the favorable clinical course in 78,7% of those affected. It was recommended to design a program of educational intervention in the population, to prevent these ocular burns.

Physical Agents and Occupational Disease Compensation: Noise, Vibration, Radiation, and Other Physical Agents

The context of specific criteria for the recognition of occupational diseases (ODs) due to physical agents in the Enforcement Decree of the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act (ED-IACIA) and the Labor Standard Act (LSA) does not describe definite disease along with the agents but listed symptoms or obscure clinical conditions. Moreover, the needs for an amendment of these Acts have recently attracted renewed interest. To establish agreed criteria for compensable ODs due to physical agents, we reviewed the criteria for recognizing ODs on the basis of International Labor Organization (ILO) documents and European Union (EU) guideline. After providing a brief review of the history of OD outbreaks due to physical exposure in South Korea and the responses to them, we describe the basis for the recent amendments to the IACI Act and LSA and assess their appropriateness. On the basis of these findings, this study could be helpful for determining and compensating process of ODs. However, further work is required to ascertain the scientific relationship between diseases caused by physical agents and the exposure criteria.

Satisfacción y retención de los contenidos del Curso Agentes Físicos del Diplomado en Rehabilitación / Satisfaction and retention of the contents of the course on Physical Agents given in the Diploma Course on Rehabilitation

Se realizó una investigación educacional para identificar la satisfacción de residentes y profesores de la especialidad en Medicina Física y Rehabilitación con el Curso Agentes Físicos (AF) impartido en el Diplomado de Rehabilitación en la Atención Primaria de Salud y evaluar la retención de los contenidos recibidos, así como la necesidad de abordarlos nuevamente en el programa de la especialidad, por su importancia. Para medir la satisfacción se aplicaron encuestas a los 23 residentes de segundo año de la especialidad y a 16 profesores, que impartieron clases en el curso. Se aplicó un examen teórico a todos los residentes, para evaluar la retención de dichos contenidos. Para el análisis de la información se procesaron los datos mediante frecuencias y porcentajes y se presentaron en tablas, para darles significación se realizó una triangulación de los datos con elementos teóricos. Los resultados mostraron satisfacción baja respecto a los contenidos de agentes físicos del diplomado, los que son insuficientes, no están actualizados y presentan dificultades con su profundización y aplicación, por lo que deben ser abordados nuevamente y con mayor profundidad en el programa de la especialidad. Los residentes demostraron no tener suficiente dominio de los contenidos recibidos

An education research was conducted to identify the satisfaction of residents and professors of the specialty of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation with the course on Physical Agents given in the Diploma Course on Rehabilitation in Primary Health Attention and evaluate retention of the contents studied as well as the need to deal with these contents again, because of their importance, in the course design of the specialty. To measure the level of satisfaction, inquiries were applied to the 23 second year residents of the specialty and 16 professors who gave lessons in the course. A theory exam was applied to all residents to evaluate retention of the above contents. For information analysis, all data were processed by means of frequencies and percentages, they were shown in tables and, to emphasize their importance, a triangulation of data with theoretical elements was presented. The results showed low satisfaction with the contents on physical agents given in the Diploma Course which are not sufficient; they are not updated and present difficulties in their depth and application what means that they should be undertaken again in depth in the course design of the specialty. Residents showed not to have enough knowledge of the contents received

Physical approach for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis / Abordagem física para prevenção e tratamento de osteoporose

Osteoporosis and its consequent fractures are a major problem in public health. To complement the conventional pharmacological treatment for this metabolic disease, non-pharmacological treatment options have been developed in the last decades. Several studies demonstrate that physical exercise programs including impact exercises, specific strength training, balance and coordination training may maintain or increase spine and hip bone mineral density as well as decrease the frequency of falls among osteoporotic and osteopenic patients. Furthermore, some physical agents such as vibratory platforms, low intensity electrical stimulation, laser therapy and ultrasound show positive effects on osteoporotic tissue as well. Consequently, while planning treatment for an osteoporotic patient, non-pharmacological management options should be considered and integrated to the conventional treatment in order to maximize its effects and improve the quality of life of these patients.

A osteoporose e suas consequentes fraturas são um grande problema de saúde pública. Para complementar o tratamento farmacológico convencional para essa doença metabólica, opções não farmacológicas de tratamento têm sido desenvolvidas nas últimas décadas. Vários estudos demonstram que programas de exercício físico que incluem exercícios de impacto, treino de força específico, equilíbrio e coordenação podem manter ou aumentar a densidade mineral óssea de quadril e coluna, bem como reduzir a frequência de quedas em pacientes osteopênicos e osteoporóticos. Além disso, alguns agentes físicos, como plataformas vibratórias, estimulação elétrica de baixa intensidade, laser e ultrassom, causam efeitos positivos no tecido osteoporótico. Consequentemente, ao se planejar o tratamento para um paciente osteoporótico, opções não farmacológicas devem ser consideradas e integradas ao tratamento convencional com o objetivo de maximizar seus efeitos e melhorar a qualidade de vida desses pacientes.

Causas de óbito e razões para eutanásia em uma população hospitalar de cães e gatos / Causes of death and reasons for euthanasia in a hospital population of dogs and cats

Com o objetivo de determinar as principais causas de morte em cães e gatos, foram analisadas informações correspondentes às fichas clínicas de cães e gatos provenientes de um hospital veterinário universitário entre julho de 2005 e julho de 2009. Durante o período estudado foram atendidos 2243 casos novos, sendo 2075 cães e 168 gatos. Em cães, o percentual de óbito foi de 10,6% (220/2075) e em gatos, 8,92% (15/168). A idade média quando do óbito em cães e gatos foi de 59,97 e 82,79 meses, respectivamente. Em cães, as principais causas de morte e razões para eutanásia foram distúrbios infecciosos ou parasitários, distúrbios causados por agentes físicos e neoplasias. Exceto pela idade, as demais características de resenha não influenciaram a expectativa de vida ou a causa de morte em cães. Em gatos, distúrbios provocados por agentes físicos e distúrbios urinários foram os principais motivos que resultaram na morte do animal. Os resultados observados identificam a necessidade de medidas profiláticas que possibilitarão maior expectativa de vida e, consequentemente, alteração na frequência das principais causas de morte e razões para eutanásia em cães e gatos.

To determine the main causes of death in a population of dogs and cats from a University Veterinary Hospital, data from clinical records obtained from July, 2005 to July, 2009 were analyzed. During that period, 2,243 animals were taken to the hospital, 2,075 dogs and 168 cats. The percentage of death was 10.6% (220/2.075) in dogs, and 8.92% (15/168) in cats. The median age at death was 59.97 months for dogs and 82.79 months for cats. The main causes of death and reasons for euthanasia in dogs were infectious or parasitic diseases, diseases caused by physical agents and neoplasia. Except by their age, all other characteristics described did not have an effect on life expectancy or death causes in dogs. In cats, physical agents and urinary diseases were the main cause of mortality. The results observed in this work identify the need for prophylactic measures that will enable a better life expectancy, and consequently, change the frequency of the main causes of death and reasons for euthanasia in dogs and cats.

Effects and implications of physical modalities on hs-CRP, TNF-α and adiponectin in patients with cerebral infarction / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To observe the effects of physical agents therapy on serum hs-CRP, TNF-α andadiponectin in patients with cerebral infarction and the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods Sixty patientswith cerebral infarction were randomly and equally divided into two groups: 30 cases were treated with physical a-gents therapy ( physical therapy group) , and 30 with drugs only ( drug treated group). Thirty normal subjectsserved as the control group. The level of hs-CRP in the serum was determined by latex agglutination reaction, TNF-and adiponectin were determined by using ELISA before and after therapy. Results The levels of serum hs-CRP and TNF-α of patients with cerebral infarction before therapy were much higher than those of the control group,but adiponectin was significantly lower than those of the control group( P < 0.01 ). After therapy, the levels of ser-um hs-CRP and TNF-α were decreased and adiponectin was increased significantly in both treated groups ( P <0.01 ). Comparison with two treated groups showed that the levels of hs-CRP and TNF-α were lower and adiponec-tin was obviously higher in physical agents therapy group than those in the drug treated group ( P < 0.05 ). Con-clusion The patients with cerebral infarction have low level of serum adiponectin. Physical therapy might exertbeneficial effects on patients with cerebral infarction by the decreasing serum hs-CRP and TNF-α, as well as by ele-vating adiponectin.

Evaluación de la incomodidad ocupacional: nivél del ruido de una clinica de graduacion / Avaliação do desconforto ocupacional ii: nível de ruído de uma clínica de graduação

El aumento de las fuentes productoras de ruido esta perjudicando la calidad de vida de los profesionales, acelerando el deterioro del aparato auditivo. Pudiendo causara lesiones irreparables, dependiendo la intensidad del ruido y del tiempo de exposición. El objetivo del presente estudio fue una evaluación ocupacional del nivel de ruido producido en 40 equipos utilizados por 80 alumnos divididos en duplas, en la Clínica Integrada de Graduación de la Facultad de Odontología de Araçatuba - UNESP, y alertar a los futuros profesionales de la necesidad de tomar medidas preventivas contra las enfermedades profesionales que amenazan al dentista. El instrumento para medir el nivel de ruido fue un dosímetro Modelo Q-400-Marca: Queso Technologies, equipado en un alumno voluntario. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el nivel de ruido, medio (76,0 dB), máximo (83,4 dB), y mínimo (70,0 dB) no representa una actividad insalubre, conforme a las Normas de Medicina del Trabajo (NR-15). Por tanto no establece la obligatoriedad de utilizar protectores auditivos. Considerando que el valor máximo fue mayor de 80 dB indicado como máximo por la Norma NR-17 y que todos los valores fueron superior a 65 dB según la Norma NBR-10152. Se concluye que el profesional debe adoptar medidas preventivas. Durante su trabajo, utilizando protector auditivo (no obligatorio), para evitar lesiones auditivas, a través de toda su carrera profesional. Cabe resaltar que las Universidades deben realizar exámenes de insalubridad en las clínicas de graduación y alertar a los futuros profesionales sobre los riesgos ocupacionales a que están expuestos.

The increase of the sources producing of noise has been harming the quality of the professionals' life, accelerating to deterioration of the hearing apparel, could cause irreversible lesions, depending on the intensity of the noise and of the time of exhibition. The objective of the present study was an occupational evaluation of the noise level produced in 40 busy equipos by 80 students divided in couples, during the clinical activity, of the Integrated Clinic of graduation of School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP, and to alert the professional futures of the importance of the socket of preventive measures against the occupational diseases that you/they attack the surgeon dentist. The instrument to quantify the noise level was a dosímetro model Q-400 marks Quest Technologies, fastened in a voluntary student. The results showed that noise level, the results showed that so much the average, maximum, and minimum (76.0 dB; 83.4 dB and 70.0dB, respectively) it doesn't consist of an unhealthy activity according to NR-15 of Safety's norm and Medicine of the Work and it doesn't establish the compulsory nature as for the hearing protector's use. However the maximum value was above the limited of 80 dB of the norm NR-17, and finally, all the values were above 65 dB of the norm NBR-10152 of acoustic comfort. It is ended that the professional should adopt measured of preventive behavior, as the use of the protector headphone, even if no obligatory, to avoid hearing lesions along his/her carreira.Is important to emphasize that the Universities should accomplish evaluations of unsoundness in the graduation clinics, and like this to alert the professional futures of the occupational risks, which are exposed.

O aumento das fontes produtoras de ruído tem prejudicado a qualidade de vida dos profissionais, acelerando a deterioração do aparelho auditivo, podendo causar lesões irreversíveis, dependendo da intensidade do ruído e do tempo de exposição. O objetivo do presente estudo foi uma avaliação ocupacional do nível de ruído produzido em 40 equipos ocupados por 80 alunos divididos em duplas, durante a atividade clínica, da Clínica Integrada de graduação da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba UNESP, e alertar os futuros profissionais da importância da tomada de medidas preventivas contra as doenças ocupacionais que acometem o cirurgião dentista. O instrumento para quantificar o nível de ruído foi um dosímetro modelo Q-400 marca Quest Technologies, fixado em um aluno voluntário. Os resultados mostraram que nível de ruído, os resultados mostraram que tanto a média, máximo, e mínimo (76,0 dB; 83,4 dB e 70,0dB, respectivamente) não consta de uma atividade insalubre conforme a NR-15 da norma de Segurança e Medicina do Trabalho e não estabelece a obrigatoriedade quanto ao uso do protetor auditivo. No entanto o valor máximo ficou acima do limitado de 80 dB da norma NR-17, e por fim, todos os valores ficaram acima de 65 dB da norma NBR-10152 de conforto acústico. Conclui-se que O profissional deve adotar medias de comportamento preventivo, como o uso do protetor auricular, mesmo que não obrigatório, para evitar lesões auditivas ao longo de sua carreira.Cabe ressaltar que as Universidades devem realizar avaliações de insalubridade nas clínicas de graduação, e assim alertar os futuros profissionais dos riscos ocupacionais, o qual estão expostos.