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1.
Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy ; : 273-279, 2015.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-216874

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Codeine may result in death or respiratory depression in children, particularly who are rapid metabolizer of CYP2D6, therefore it should be used cautiously among children under 12 years of age. This study was to investigate the prescribing pattern of codeine among children according to the age group, prescribed diagnosis, type of medical service and medical specialties. METHOD: We used Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-National Patient Sample (HIRA-NPS) database. Study subjects included inpatients or outpatients, who were prescribed codeine between January, 1, 2011 and December, 31, 2011. Contraindicated use of codeine was defined as the use of codeine at least one times under aged 12. Age groups were sub-classified according to the <2 years, 2-4 years, 5-8 years, and 9-11 years. Frequently prescribed diagnosis (ICD-10), type of medical service, and medical specialties were also described among codeine users under aged 12. RESULTS: Codeine users were 6,411 inpatients (9,958 prescriptions), and 3,397 outpatients (6,258 prescriptions), respectively. Codeine prescription under 12 years of age were 2.1% (210 prescriptions) among inpatients, and 12.3% (776 prescriptions) among outpatients (p-value<0.05). Outpatient prescriptions of codeine under 12 aged were issued mostly from primary care clinics and frequent diagnosis were unspecified bronchopneumonia (51.6%), and vasomotor rhinitis (23.7%). CONCLUSION: This study found prescribing of codeine under 12 aged is common in outpatient and primary clinics. Nationwide and community-based efforts should be needed to reduce inappropriate prescribing among children.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Bronchopneumonia , Codeine , Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 , Diagnosis , Drug Utilization Review , Inappropriate Prescribing , Inpatients , Insurance, Health , Korea , Outpatients , Prescriptions , Primary Health Care , Respiratory Insufficiency , Rhinitis, Vasomotor
2.
General Medicine ; : 71-79, 2008.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-374913

ABSTRACT

<b>BACKGROUND</b> : This survey examined how a physician's specialty may influence attitudes towards blood glucose control in diabetic patients.<br><b>METHODS</b> : A questionnaire was mailed to all members of the Ishikawa Medical Association (n=1,610) as well as diabetic specialists (n=36) querying their specialties, confidence in offering diabetic treatment, and treatment goals/change levels of plasma glucose levels for 5 theoretical cases.<br><b>RESULTS</b> : 301 physicians responded. The percentage answering treatment goal/change levels was 93% of internal medicine physicians (n=145), 72% of surgeons (n=29), 52% of pediatricians (n=23) and 20% in other specialties (n=99). The percentage answering “I am confident in offering diabetic treatment” was 57% of internal medicine physicians, 14% of surgeons, 13% of pediatricians and 3% in other specialties. There were significant differences among specialties in the fasting plasma glucose levels in the treatment goal, and the postprandial plasma glucose change levels. Internal medicine specialists tended to give higher glucose levels than other specialties.<br><b>CONCLUSIONS</b> : The majority of physicians interested in diabetes care appear to be internal medicine specialists. Physician's specialty may influence their attitude toward glucose control in diabetic patients.

3.
Korean Journal of Medicine ; : 341-348, 2004.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-39098

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although physicians state that patients ideally should receive hospice palliative care for 3 months before death, the majority of patients survive less than one month in hospice palliative care. This is too short to do effective hospice palliative care. Therefore, we figured out the problems through the clinical considerations about terminally ill cancer patients who had died in hospice unit. METHODS: From July to December in 2003, 107 patients with terminally ill cancer who had died in Sam Anyang Hospice Unit were enrolled in this study. For getting the informations about patients characteristics, we reviewed the medical records and interviewed the patients on the first visit. RESULTS: There were 70 males (65%) and 37 females (35%), and median age of patients was 60 years (range 23-93). The most common cancer was stomach cancer (18 patients, 17%). Forty seven patients (44%) took analgesics, the others 60 (56%) not. The most common symptom was pain (75 patients, 70%) and the most prevalent reason for admission was also pain (60, 56%). The most prevalent physician specialty who transferred patients or referred to local hospital was other internal medicine (48 patients, 44%), followed by hemato-oncology (38, 36%), surgery (12, 11%) and others (9, 9%). The median duration between the day when the patients were diagnosed as terminally ill cancer patient and the day when they were referred to hospice center is 48 days. The median survival in hospice palliative care is 30 days. The median hospitalization is 19 days. CONCLUSION: We found that lack of recognition about hospice palliative care of physicians, patients and families made the length of hospice palliative care too short. To do effective hospice palliative care, it needs education and promotion for them constantly.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Analgesics , Education , Hospices , Hospitalization , Internal Medicine , Medical Records , Palliative Care , Stomach Neoplasms , Terminally Ill
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