Tipos de desenvolvimento profissional colaborativo contínuo em educação física: um diálogo / Les types de développement professionnel continu collaboratif en éducation physique: un dialogue / Types of collaborative continuous professional development in physical education: a dialogue

Este artigo apresenta um diálogo entre pesquisadores de três projetos de Desenvolvimento Profissional Continuado e Colaborativo (DPCC) de professores, cada um apoiado por um referencial teórico e desenhos de pesquisa diferentes. Os resultados destacam algumas complexidades do DPCC em diferentes níveis, desde o de pequena ao de larga escala, agenciando planejamento e implementação cuidadosos. Promover a proximidade, organizar horários e combinar diferentes modos de suporte são desafios que requerem respostas contextualizadas. Discutir nossos contextos únicos e escolhas em relação às abordagens do DPCC utilizadas nos permitiu realizar uma investigação apreciativa, buscando reconhecer e desenvolver os pontos fortes de cada projeto e considerar possibilidades para futuras propostas. É necessário que facilitadores e pesquisadores, ao escolherem uma abordagem de DPCC, considerem não apenas a eficiência, mas também o alinhamento com suas próprias crenças pessoais e teorias de aprendizagem, bem como com as crenças, interesses e necessidades dos professores em seus contextos locais.(AU)

Cet article présente un dialogue entre les chercheurs de trois Projets de Développement Professionnel Continu Collaboratif (DPCC) utilisant des cadres théoriques différents. Les résultats mettent en évidence la complexité du DPCC, que ce soit de petite à grande échelle, et soulignent l'importance d'une planification et d'une implémentation réfléchies. Favoriser la proximité, gérer les emplois du temps et combiner différents modes d'accompagnement sont des défis qui nécessitent des réponses contextualisées. Discuter des contextes uniques et des choix effectués concernant les approches de DPCC préconisées nous a permis de nous engager dans une enquête d'appréciation. Nous cherchions ainsi à reconnaître les forces de chaque projet et à envisager des possibilités pour l'avenir. Il est nécessaire que les facilitateurs et les chercheurs, lorsqu'ils choisissent une approche de DPCC, tiennent compte non seulement de l'efficacité, mais aussi de leurs propres croyances et théories de l'apprentissage, ainsi que des préférences et des besoins des enseignants.(AU)

This paper presents a dialogue between researchers from three collaborative continuous teacher professional development (CCPD) projects, each of which involved a different theoretical framework and research design. Discussing our unique contexts and the CCPD approaches we used enabled us to engage in an appreciative inquiry, in which we sought to acknowledge and build upon the strengths of each project and consider possibilities for the future. Findings highlight complexities of CCPD at different levels from the small-scale to the large, requiring thoughtful planning and implementation. Promoting intimacy, organizing schedules and timetables, and combining different modes of support are challenges that require contextualized responses. There is a need for CCPD facilitators and researchers to consider not only characteristics of effectiveness when choosing a CCPD approach, but also alignment with their own personal beliefs and theories of learning, as well as the beliefs, interests, and needs of teachers in their local contexts.(AU)

Setting interno em revisão: configurações analíticas no trabalho com adolescentes / Internal setting under review: analytical configurations while working with adolescents / Setting interno en revisión: configuraciones analíticas en el trabajo con adolescentes / Le cadre interne à l'étude: configurations analytiques dans le travail avec les adolescents

O artigo centra-se no trabalho analítico com adolescentes, em busca da constituição do setting interno da dupla, em dois momentos: no consultório e no encontro online. Diante dos modelos relativos a espaços, a autora insere a questão do público e do privado, avaliados em graus, e dos impasses para criar, simbolicamente, limites nesse contexto. As reflexões abrem caminho para os próximos passos.

This article focuses on the analytical work with adolescents, in search of the constitution of the duo's internal setting, in two moments: in the office and in the online meeting. In the presence of models related to spaces, the issue of public and private, evaluated in degrees, and the issue of impasses to symbolically create limits in this context are inserted. The reflections pave the way for the next steps.

El artículo se centra en el trabajo analítico con adolescentes, en busca de la constitución del setting interno del dúo, en dos momentos, en la oficina y en la reunión online (modelo virtual). En vista de los modelos relacionados con los espacios, se incluye el tema de lo público y lo privado, evaluados en grados, y los obstáculos para crear, simbólicamente, límites en este contexto. Las reflexiones allanan el camino para los próximos pasos.

Cet article est centré sur le travail analytique auprès des adolescents, recherchant la constitution du cadre interne de deux personnes, à deux moments, dans le cabinet ou en ligne. En face des modèles relatifs aux espaces, on pose la question de ce qui est public et ce qui est privé, évalués à différents degrés, et celle des impasses pour créer symboliquement les limites dans ce contexte. Les réflexions ouvrent la voie aux prochains pas.

Influencing factors for substandard physiques among residents aged 20-69 years in Anhui Province / 预防医学

Objective@#To analyze the influencing factors for the 20-69-year-old residents in Anhui Province with substandard physiques, so as to provide a basis for improving the physiques of population. @*Methods @#The 2014 physical fitness survey data of residents aged 20-69 years in Anhui Province were collected, including demographic information, physical exercise status and physical indicators ( height, weight, vital capacity, blood pressure and so on ). The physiques of residents was rated according to the "National Fitness Standards" ( 2003 edition ) . The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for substandard physiques in different age groups. @*Results@#Among 39 803 residents recruited, 5 081 were rated as substandard physiques and the rate was 12.77%. The rates of substandard physiques in the residents aged 20-<40, 40-<60 and 60-69 years were 11.08%, 13.11% and 16.74%, respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, household registration, education level, occupation and time spent each exercise were the influencing factors for substandard physiques among the residents aged 20-<40 years ( P<0.05 ); age, household registration, education level, occupation and physical exercise were the influencing factors for substandard physiques among the residents aged 40-<60 years ( P<0.05 ); age, gender, education level, occupation, physical exercise and time spent each exercise were the influencing factors for substandard physiques among the residents aged 60-69 years ( P<0.05 ).@*Conclusions@#The residents aged 20-69 years in Anhui Province have higher rate of substandard physiques in the 2014 survey. Age, education level, occupation and physical exercise may affect physical fitness and vary in different age groups, thus interventions should be carried out according to age.

The utility of physical education according to students from germany and chile / Lutilité de léducation physique, selon des étudiants allemands et chiliens / A utilidade da educação física segundo estudantes da alemanha e do chile / La utilidad de educación física según escolares de alemania y chile

Resumo O presente estudo tem o objetivo de determinar a forma como estudantes de diferentes culturas percebem a utilidade das aulas de Educação Física. Foram entrevistados 2.748 estudantes (1.373 da região da Araucanía, Chile; e 1.375 do Estado de Sarre, Alemanha). Tanto os alunos chilenos como os alemães reconhecem mais uma utilidade "esportivo-recreativa" que uma "socioeducativa", e os chilenos apresentam valores mais altos que seus pares alemães; por outro lado, ambos os grupos manifestam seu desacordo com a opinião de que a Educação Física não lhes serve para nada. Os estudantes consideram que suas aulas de Educação Física foram úteis, o que surge como uma oportunidade para reforçar a geração de experiências positivas nas aulas e consolidar as aprendizagens.

Abstract The aim of this study is to show how the students of different cultures perceive their physical education classes. 2748 students (1373 from the Araucania Region in Chile and 1375 from Saarland in Germany) have been surveyed. The students of both countries agree that the "sportive-recreational" aspect is more important than the "social-educational" one, while the Chilean students present higher values than the German students do. In addition, the students of both countries disagree to the statement that physical education is useless for them. The Chilean and German students think that their physical education class is useful. This knowledge can be used as an opportunity to reinforce the generation of positive experiences in class and to consolidate the learning processes.

Résumé L'objectif de cette étude est de déterminer la façon dont des étudiants issus de cultures différentes perçoivent l'utilité des classes d'Éducation Physique. 2748 élèves (1373 de la région d'Araucania, au Chili; et 1375 de l'État de Sarre, en Allemagne) ont été interrogés. Les étudiants chiliens et allemands reconnaissent une utilité plus "sportive-récréative" que "socio-éducative", les valeurs présentées par les Chiliens sont cependant plus élevées que chez les allemands. En outre, les deux groupes expriment leur désaccord quant à l'opinion que l'éducation physique ne leur apporte rien. Dans l'ensemble, les élèves considèrent que les cours d'Éducation Physique ont été utiles, ce qui représente une opportunité pour renforcer les expériences positives en classe et pour consolider les apprentissages.

Resumen El presente estudio tiene como propósito determinar cómo escolares de diferentes culturas perciben la utilidad de las clases de Educación Física. Fueron encuestados 2748 escolares (1373 de la Región de La Araucanía, Chile; y 1375 del Estado de Sarre, Alemania). Tanto los escolares chilenos como los alemanes reconocen una utilidad "deportivo-recreativa" por sobre una utilidad "socioeducativa", siendo los chilenos quienes presentan valores más altos que sus pares alemanes; además, ambos grupos manifiestan su desacuerdo en que la Educación Física no les ha servido para nada. Los escolares consideran que sus clases de Educación Física les han sido útiles, lo que se presenta como una oportunidad para reforzar la generación de experiencias positivas en las clases y consolidar los aprendizajes.

La dimensión curricular como componente del conocimiento didáctico del contenido / The curricular dimension as a component of the didactic knowledge of the content / Les programmes scolaires en tant que composantes de la connaissance didactique du contenu / A dimensão curricular como componente do conhecimento didático do conteúdo

Resumen Se describe un estudio de caso centrado en el currículo de una profesora de física de bachillerato durante dos años consecutivos sobre la enseñanza del campo eléctrico, abordado desde tres niveles: declarativo, diseño y acción. La caracterización del conocimiento curricular se realiza bajo la perspectiva del conocimiento didáctico del contenido (CDC), utilizando como técnica el análisis del contenido. Los resultados muestran una alta tendencia tradicional en cada uno de los niveles considerados. Después de la intervención, el nivel de diseño es el que presenta los mayores cambios, notándose un incremento considerable en la tendencia intermedia. Estos resultados muestran la importancia del diseño curricular en los procesos de concreción del CDC.

Abstract We describe a case study focused on the knowledge of the curriculum of a high school physics teacher, two consecutive years on electric field teaching. We used three levels to characterize the knowledge of the curriculum: declarative, design and action. The characterization of the knowledge of the curriculum was doing from pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), through the content analysis as a technique. The results show a high traditional tendency in each of the levels considered. After the intervention, the level of design represents the biggest changes, where intermediate trend increases. These results show the importance of curriculum design of education, in the process of realization of the PCK.

Résumé Cet article décrit une étude de cas au long de deux années concernant le programme d'études sur l'enseignement du champ électrique d'une professeure de physique du secondaire, abordé selon trois niveaux: déclaratif, de la planification et de l'action. La caractérisation des connaissances des programmes se place dans la perspective de la connaissance didactique du contenu (CDC) s'appuyant sur la technique de l'analyse de contenu. Les résultats indiquent une forte tendance traditionnelle à tous les niveaux considérés. Après l'intervention, le niveau de la planification a été celui qui a présenté les plus grands changements, avec une augmentation considérable de la tendance intermédiaire. Ces résultats montrent l'importance de l'esquisse des programmes scolaires dans les processus de mise en œuvre du CDC.

Resumo Descreve-se um estudo de caso centrado no currículo de uma professora de física do ensino médio durante dois anos consecutivos sobre o ensino do campo elétrico, abordado a partir de três níveis: declarativo, planejamento e ação. A caracterização do conhecimento curricular é realizada da perspectiva do conhecimento didático do conteúdo (CDC), utilizando como técnica a análise do conteúdo. Os resultados mostram uma alta tendência tradicional em cada um dos níveis considerados. Depois da intervenção, o nível de planejamento apresenta as maiores mudanças, notando-se um aumento considerável na tendência intermediária. Esses resultados mostram a importância do desenho curricular nos processos de concretização do CDC.

Indicadores socioeconómicos de obesidad materna. El estudio de una cohorte en Morelos, México / Socioeconomic indicators of maternal obesity. Study of a cohort in Morelos, México / Indicadores socioeconómicos da obesidade materna. Estudo de uma coorte no Morelos, México / Indicateurs socio-économiques de l'obésité maternelle. Étude d'une cohorte au Morelos, Mexique

Resumen: Objetivo: Identificar y analizar desde una perspectiva cuanti/cualitativita los indicadores socioeconómicos de la obesidad materna en México. Material y métodos: Investigación evaluativa basada en un diseño de cohorte de tipo prospectivo/descriptivo. El tamaño de la muestra se conformó por todas las mujeres que llegaron a consulta prenatal a partir de la semana 24 de gestación en un hospital de referencia estatal. El tamaño de la muestra se estimó con un 80% de poder y 95% de confianza y significancia. Los indicadores de interés fueron aspectos socioeconómicos, alimentación, antropometría, dieta, seguridad alimentaria y actividad física. El análisis cuantitativo se realizó utilizando el software Stata versión 14 y el análisis cualitativo con Atlas-ti versión 8.0. Resultados: La cohorte estuvo conformada por 402 mujeres embarazadas en 2017. De los resultados principales encontramos que el 55% de las mujeres se encontraba en el rango de edad de 18-24 años; el 15% de las mujeres refirió contar con un empleo remunerado; el 42% de la población tenía secundaria completa; el 32.1% presentó un grado de inseguridad alimentaria; la media de IMC fue de 27.8±4.8, el 48% de las mujeres presentaron sobrepeso y obesidad. Conclusiones: Los resultados cuantitativos sugieren que poblaciones con mayor vulnerabilidad socio-económica, inseguridad alimentaria y escasa actividad física, son más propensas a la obesidad materna. Los resultados cualitativos, además de complementar y reforzar los resultados cuantitativos, plantean evidencias para identificar a mayor detalle las barreras y facilitadores para fortalecer programas de intervención en la prevención de la obesidad materna.

Abstract; Objective: To identify and analyze from a quantitative / qualitative perspective the socioeconomic indicators of maternal obesity in Mexico. Methods and material: Evaluative research based on a prospective / analytical cohort design. The sample size was established by all the women who came to the antenatal clinic from the 24th week of gestation in a state referral hospital. The sample size was estimated with 80% power and 95% confidence and significance. The indicators of interest were socioeconomic aspects, nutrition, anthropometry, diet, food safety and physical activity. The quantitative analysis was performed using the Stata version 14 software and the qualitative analysis with Atlas-ti version 8.0. Results: The cohort was comprised of 402 pregnant women in 2017. From the main results we found that 55% of the women were in the age range of 18-24 years; 15% of women reported having a paid job; 42% of the population had full secondary education; 32.1% presented a degree of food insecurity; the mean BMI was 27.8 ± 4.8, 48% of the women were overweight and obese. Conclusions: Quantitative results suggest that populations with greater socio-economic vulnerability, food insecurity and low physical activity are more prone to maternal obesity. The qualitative results, besides complementing and reinforcing the quantitative results, present evidence to identify in greater detail the barriers and facilitators to strengthen intervention programs in the prevention of maternal obesity.

Resumo: Objetivo: Identificar e analisar, de uma perspectiva quantitativa / qualitativa, os indicadores socioeconômicos da obesidade materna no México. Materiais e métodos: Pesquisa avaliativa baseada em um desenho de coorte prospectivo / analítico. O tamanho da amostra foi estabelecido por todas as mulheres que chegaram à clínica pré-natal a partir da 24a semana de gestação em um hospital estadual de referência. O tamanho da amostra foi estimado com 80% de poder e 95% de confiança e significância. Os indicadores de interesse foram aspectos socioeconómicos, nutrição, antropometria, dieta, segurança alimentar e atividade física. A análise quantitativa foi realizada utilizando o software Stata versão 14 e a análise qualitativa com Atlas-ti versão 8.0. Resultados: A coorte foi composta por 402 gestantes em 2017. Dos principais resultados, constatou-se que 55% das mulheres encontravam- se na faixa etária de 18 a 24 anos; 15% das mulheres relataram ter um emprego remunerado; 42% da população tinha ensino secundário completo; 32,1% apresentaram grau de insegurança alimentar; a média do IMC foi de 27,8 ± 4,8, 48% das mulheres estavam acima do peso e obesas. Conclusões: Os resultados quantitativos sugerem que populações com maior vulnerabilidade socioeconómica, insegurança alimentar e baixa atividade física são mais propensas à obesidade materna. Os resultados qualitativos, além de complementar e reforjar os resultados quantitativos, apresentam evidencias para identificar em maior detalhe as barreiras e facilitadores para fortalecer os programas de intervenção na prevenção da obesidade materna.

Résumé: Objectif: Identifier et analyser d'un point de vue quantitatif / qualitatif les indicateurs socio-économiques de l'obésité maternelle au Mexique. Matériel et méthodes: Recherche évaluative basée sur une conception de cohorte prospective / analytique. La taille de l'échantillon a été établie par toutes les femmes qui sont venues á la clinique prénatale á partir de la 24e semaine de gestation dans un hópital de référence. La taille de l'échantillon a été estimée avec 80% de puissance et 95% de confiance et de signification. Les indicateurs d'intéret étaient les aspects socio-économiques, la nutrition, l'anthropométrie, l'alimentation, la sécurité alimentaire et l'activité physique. L'analyse quantitative a été réalisée á l'aide du logiciel Stata version 14 et de l'analyse qualitative avec Atlas-ti version 8.0. Résultats: La cohorte était composée de 402 femmes enceintes en 2017. D'aprés les principaux résultats, nous avons constaté que 55% des femmes étaient agées de 18 á 24 ans; 15% des femmes ont déclaré avoir un travail rémunéré; 42% de la population ont fait des études secondaires complétes; 32,1% présentaient un degré d'insécurité alimentaire; l'IMC moyen était de 27,8 ± 4,8, 48% des femmes étaient en surpoids et obéses. Conclusions: Les résultats quantitatifs suggérent que les populations ayant une plus grande vulnérabilité socio-économique, l'insécurité alimentaire et une faible activité physique sont plus sujettes á l'obésité maternelle. Les résultats qualitatifs, en plus de compléter et de renforcer les résultats quantitatifs, présentent des preuves pour identifier plus en détail les obstacles et les facilitateurs pour renforcer les programmes d'intervention dans la prévention de l'obésité maternelle.

Annual Frequency in Traditional Chinese Medicine Physique, Syndrome Differentiation and Western Medicine Staging of 482 Eczema Patients / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To make statistics on the annual frequency of patients with eczema by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) physique, syndrome differentiation, and western medicine staging based on questionnaire survey, in order to infer the distribution and characteristics of the annual frequency by different TCM physique, syndrome differentiation and western medicine stage, and provide new ideas and new methods for the prevention and treatment of Eczema. Method:According to the Dermatovenerology of Traditional Chinese Medicine edited by QU Xing, and Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Chinese Medicine for Dermatovenerology edited by CHEN Da-can, and Traditional Chinese Medicine for Dermology edited by YU Wen-qiu, and Physique Classification and Patient Self-Testing Table formulated by China Association of Chinese Medicine and Professor WANG Qi's nine categories of physique, the TCM Physique Classification and Patient Self-Testing Table for eczema patients and the Syndrome Differentiation and Classification Table for Eczema Patients were formulated. General conditions of 482 cases of eczema patients treated at Tianjin Academy of Traditional TCM Affiliated Hospital and their types of TCM physique, TCM syndrome differentiation, western medicine staging and annual frequency were surveyed. Result:There were significant differences in the annual frequency of patients with different physical constitutions. By single physique, Tanshi, Shire and Qiyu had more frequent occurrences every year, and Pinghe had the lowest annual frequency. There were differences in the annual occurrences among cases with different TCM syndrome types. Shire syndrome patients have more frequent annual occurrences than other types of eczema patients. There were significant differences in the annual occurrences among cases of different western medicine staging, and the annual occurrences of acute eczema were more than those of subacute and chronic eczema. Conclusion:The annual occurrences of patients with Tanshi, Shire and Qiyu physique were higher than those of other physiques. There are fewer outpatients with Pinghe physique than other physiques. The annual occurrences of Shire syndrome patients are higher than that of other types of eczema patients. The annual occurrences of acute eczema are more than those of subacute and chronic eczema. The annual occurrences of chronic eczema are less than acute and subacute eczema.

O tempo, uma ilusão?: an illusion? / Time: ¿una ilusión? / El tiempo: une illusion? / Le temps

O autor questiona-se acerca do tempo e faz uma revisão do tema desde a Idade Média, com a alquimia, passando pela filosofia e pela física, até a psicanálise e os dias atuais, numa articulação de conceitos. Baseado numa vinheta clínica, conclui sobre a atemporalidade do inconsciente e sua importância para os fenômenos transferenciais.

In this article, the author wonders about time. His study starts from alchemy in Middle Ages, it continues through philosophy, physics, neurobiology, and it finally reaches psychoanalysis and the current times. Throughout his examination, the author connects concepts. The unconscious is timeless, he concludes. The author shows the importance of this timelessness to transferential phenomena by bringing a clinical vignette.

El autor cuestiona sobre el tiempo, hace una revisión sobre el tema, desde la Edad Media, pasando por la alquimia, la filosofía, la física y llegando al psicoanálisis, hasta la actualidad, con una articulación de conceptos. Concluye sobre la atemporalidad del inconsciente y su importancia para los fenómenos de transferencia, citando un caso clínico.

L'acteur questionne sur le temps, en faisant une révision à partir du Moyen Age, y compris l'alchimie, en passant par la philosophie, la physique et arrive à la psychanalyse et à l'actualité, dans une articulation de concepts. Il conclut à l'atemporalité de l'inconscient et son importance pour les phénomènes transférentiels au moyen d'une vignette clinique.

La promoción de estilos de vida saludable aprovechando los espacios públicos / Promotion of healthy lifestyles taking advantage of public spaces / A promoção de estilos de vida saudáveis aproveitando os espaços públicos / La promotion de modes de vie sains en tirant profit des espaces publics

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la influencia que tienen el entorno físico y los aspectos sociales de los espacios públicos en la activación física y el bienestar de los ciudadanos, con el fin de identificar oportunidades para diseñar estrategias de mercadotecnia social que fomenten la salud y el bienestar entre los ciudadanos. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio mixto en dos etapas: observación y análisis de los atributos físicos de la Ruta Recreativa de Saltillo, Coahuila en base al modelo de Servipanoramas; aplicación de encuestas en línea a 168 adultos utilizando las escalas de bienestar percibido y de valoración de las Ciclovías. Resultados: Los hallazgos sugieren que la existencia de espacios públicos apropiados para ejercitarse y convivir con otros resulta atractiva para los participantes en el estudio, quienes señalan que la Ruta Recreativa estudiada ofrece el entorno adecuado para alcanzar sus metas de salud y relacionarse con personas con intereses similares. Conclusiones: Existe un interés de los visitantes a la Ruta Recreativa de Saltillo, Coahuila por alcanzar mejores niveles de salud y bienestar, lo cual puede ser aprovechado por empresas y organismos públicos para diseñar e implementar estrategias e intervenciones de mercadotecnia social orientadas a la promoción de la salud y el cambio de hábitos, utilizando los espacios abiertos que la Ruta Recreativa ofrece y llegar así a un mayor número de ciudadanos.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the influence of physical environment and social aspects of public spaces on the physical activation and well-being of citizens, in order to identify opportunities to design social marketing strategies that promote health and wellbeing among citizens. Materials and methods: A mixed study was carried out in two stages: observation and analysis of the physical attributes of the Saltillo Recreational Route, Coahuila based on the Servipanoramas model; Application of online surveys to 168 adults using the perceived well-being and assessment scales of the Ciclovias. Results: The findings suggest that the existence of appropriate public spaces to exercise and coexist with others is attractive to the participants in the study, who point out that the recreational route studied offers the right environment to reach their health goals and interact with people with similar interests. Conclusions: There is an interest of the visitors to the Recreational Route of Saltillo, Coahuila for achieving better levels of health and well-being, which can be used by companies and public bodies to design and implement strategies and interventions of social marketing oriented to the promotion of Health and change of habits, using the open spaces that the Recreational Route offers and reach a greater number of citizens.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a influência que tem o meio físico e os aspetos sociais dos espaços públicos na atividade física e no bem-estar dos cidadaos, com o fim de identificar oportunidades para desenhar estratégias de marketing social que fomentem a saúde e o bem-estar dos cidadaos. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo misto em duas etapas: observação e análise dos atributos físicos da "Ruta Recreativa de Saltillo, Coahuila" tendo por base o modelo de Servipanoramas; aplicação de inquéritos a 168 adultos utilizando as escalas de bem-estar percebido e de valorização das ciclovias. Resultados: Foi sugerido que a existencia de espa9os públicos apropriados para fazer exercício e conviver com outras pessoas, resulta atractivo para os participantes no estudo. Estes assinalaram que a rota recreativa estudada oferece o ambiente adequado para alcaçar as suas metas de saúde e relacionar-se com pessoas com intereses similares. Conclusões: Existe un interesse dos visitantes pela "Ruta Recreativa de Saltillo, Coahuila", porque permite alcafar melhores níveis de saúde e de bem-estar. Este facto pode ser aproveitado por empresas e organismos públicos para desenhar e implementar estratégias de marketing social orientadas para a promoção da saúde e para a mudança de hábitos, utilizando os espaços ao ar libre que a rota oferece.

Résumé Objectif: Analyser l'influence de l'environnement physique et des aspects sociaux des espaces publics sur l'activation physique et le bien-etre des citoyens afin d'identifier les possibilités de concevoir des stratégies de marketing social pour promouvoir la santé et le bien-etre parmi les citoyens. Matériels et méthodes: Une étude mixte a été réalisée en deux étapes: observation et analyse des caractéristiques physiques de la Ruta Recreativa de Saltillo (Itinéraire Récréatif de Saltillo), dans l'état de Coahuila, d'apres le modele de Servipanoramas; et application d'enquetes en ligne a168 adultes en utilisant les échelles de bien-etre per9u et d'évaluation des pistes cyclables. Résultats: Les résultats suggerent que l'existence d'espaces publics appropriés pour réaliser des activités physiques et partager du temps avec d'autres personnes est attrayante pour les participants a l'étude. Ceux-ci indiquent que la Ruta Recreativa étudiée offre l'environnement approprié pour atteindre leurs objectifs de santé et interagir avec des personnes ayant des intérets similaires. Conclusions: Il existe un intéret des visiteurs de la Ruta Recreativa de Saltillo, Coahuila, pour améliorer leur santé et leur bien-etre. Les entreprises et les organismes publics peuvent en profiter pour concevoir et mettre en reuvre des stratégies et des interventions de marketing social visant a promouvoir la santé et le changement de comportement en utilisant les espaces ouverts qu'offrent la Ruta Recreativa pour qu'un plus grand nombre de citoyens en bénéficient.

Mediating effects of self-compassion in relation of personality, and self-esteem to social physique anxiety in middle school student / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore the mediating effects of self-compassion among personality,self-esteem and social physique anxiety in middle school students.Methods:The Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS),Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Scale for Chinese (EPQ-RSC),Self-Esteem Scale (SES) and Self-Compassion Scale(SCS) were used to measure social physique anxiety,extroversion,neuroticism,self-esteem and self-compassion.Results:Boys got lower SPAS scores [(38 ± 8) vs.(39 ± 7);P ＜ 0.05] than girls.The SPAS scores were negatively correlated with the scores of extroversion,SES,SCS(r =-0.54--0.26,P ＜ 0.01),while the SPAS scores were positively correlated with the scores of neuroticism (r =0.44,P ＜ 0.01).Self-compassion played a partly mediating role between neuroticism and social physique anxiety,self-esteem and social physique anxiety,the confidence interval from Bootstrap output were 95 ％ (0.09-0.21) and 95 ％ (-0.22--0.08).The effect of neuroticism and self-esteem accounted for 45.5％,39.0％ of total effect.Conclusion:It suggests that self-compassion could mediate the relation of neuroticism and self-esteem to social physique anxiety partially.

Discussion Ideas of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Eczema from the Spleen / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]This paper is to detail the system thinking of syndrome differentiation and treatment of eczema from the spleen and provide ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment of eczema.[Methods]Combined with the understanding of eczema in Chinese and western medicine, detailing the ideas of syndrome differentiation and treatment of eczema from the spleen,which includes the etiology and pathogenesis, the basic rule and its application ideas, to reconcile the five internal organs, the syndrome differentiation of physique and caring spleen and stomach.[Results]The basic pathogenesis of eczema is the weak spleen loss the transport function.In clinical treatment,the main method to complement the spleen is preserving its transport function.On the basis of complementing the spleen,different times have different rules.It should clarify the rule of complementing the spleen to get rid of the wet evil.Types of hot evil or hot and wet evil,the rule is to get rid of the hot and wet evil.After symptom relief,herbs to complement the spleen should be added.Types of wet evil or blood deficiency resulting in wind evil,the rule is to complement the spleen to get rid of the wet evil.Attention to regulating the function of organs, not specifically treating the spleen,but make the spleen as the center to reconcile the five internal organs. The weak spleen is the physical tendencies of eczema patients. Individual differences have targeted treatment to correct the physique bias.Medication and daily life always pay attention to caring spleen and stomach.Diagnosis and treatment of eczema from the spleen can have guiding signficance. [Conclusion]The thinking of syndrome differentiation and treatment of eczema from the spleen has a guide to clinical significance,is worthy of further study and popularization.

Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Physique Types of Elderly Population from One University Community in Guangzhou / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To provide epidemiological evidence for the application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) physique differentiation to the disease control and prevention, Chinese medicine health care, public education and so on in the elderly population. Methods TCM physique types of the elderly population aged over 65 years old from one University community in Tianhe district of Guangzhou city were analyzed by one-on-one questionnaire investigation with the Classification and Identification Scale for Senile Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution, and the correlation of TCM physique types with gender, age group was also explored. Results (1) In the 65-year-old elderly population of 777 cases, 231(29.7％) were classified into phlegm-damp physique, 129(16.6％) into blood-stasis physique, and 71(9.1％) into harmony physique, which contributed to the major physique types. (2) Physique types varied in the gender. The male was dominated by phlegm-damp physique and damp-heat physique, and the female was dominated by yang-deficiency constitution, Qi-stagnation physique and interweaved physique. The differences of the constitution ratio of physique types in the gender were significant (P<0.01). (3) In various age groups, the leading 3 physique types were the same, and they were phlegm-damp physique, blood-stasis physique, and interweaved physique (P<0.01). With the increase of age years, the ratio of deficiency physique type showed an increasing trend while that of the non-deficiency physique type showed a decreasing trend. Conclusion The investigation revealed the distribution of TCM physique types of the elderly population from one University community in Guangzhou, which has important practical value for the intervention of the elderly population with Chinese medicine.

"The influence of ""preservation from both physique and spirit"" on cognitive function, SYN, MAP-2 and pyramidal cells in rats" / 中国康复医学杂志

Objective:To study the effect of the three kinds of EE on the cognitive function and the expression of SYN and MAP-2,and the dentritic growth of pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex in rats.Method:Forty-eight male SD rats were divided into preserving the physique EE group (EE1),preserving the spirit EE group (EE2),preservation for both physique and spirit EE group(EE3) and standard group (SE),12 rats in each group.Rats were put into the three kinds of EE or standard cages after pre-training.The environmental enrollment lasted for 14 days and followed by a 6-days Morris water maze test.After the Morris water maze test,all the rats were sacrificed for histological study,including using the immunohistochemistry method to detect the expression of SYN and MAP-2,and using the Golgi-Cox staining to study the dentritic growth of pyramidal cells in cerebral cortex.Result:In the Morris water maze,the EE3 group exhibited shorter escape latency than the MCAO+SE group (P＜0.05) on day 5,while no significant differences were seen for the time spent in the target quadrant among the 4 groups (P＞ 0.05).The results of immunohistochemical staining of SYN showed that the expression of SYN was the lowest in the SE group,and there was no significant difference between EE1 and EE3 groups but significantly higher than the EE2 group.The expression of MAP-2 was the lowest in the SE group,and there was no significant difference of expression between EE1 and EE2 groups but significantly lower than the EE3 group.The results of Golgi-Cox staining showed that there was no difference of the dentritic branch among groups in mPFC (P＞ 0.05) while the spine density of the EE1 group was significantly greater than that of the SE and EE2 groups (P ＜ 0.05),but significantly lower than that of the EE3 group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:Two weeks of preservation from both physique and spirit EE can improve the cognitive function,and promote the expression of MAP-2 and SYN and the dentritic growth of pyramidal cells in normal rats.

The pharmacodynamics effect of propofol target-injection on different TCM physique types / 实用医学杂志

Objective Investigate the effect of EC50 of propofol target-injection in the different TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) physique types of patients who are in unconscious phase. Methods Depend on the standard protocol of TCM physique types sort and determination, we sorted 60 patients into three groups:Ping He (group A), Yang Xu (group B) and Yin Xu (group C), 20 patients per group. We applied the sequential experiment to measure the minimal EC50 and NI values of propofol when the patients were in the unconscious phase. Results The EC50 of propofol of group A, B and C are 3.85 μg/mL, 4.12 μg/mL and 3.43 μg/mL respectively. 95% confidence intervals of group A, B and C are 3.64 ~ 4.07 μg/mL, 3.92 ~ 4.33μg/mL and 3.26 ~ 3.60 μg/mL respectively. Conclusion There is a correlation between the different TCM physique types and the dosage of propofol target-injection.

Thinking on Physique and Physical Evaluation in Rehabilitation Medicine / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

The formation of physique was influenced by many factors and was closely related to the disease, especially by the social and cultural factors. According to the characteristics of physique, physique conditioning was conducive to rehabilitation of the disease. It was also the internal evidence for individualized treatment of rehabilitation. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) rehabilitation advocated functional rehabilitation as the main treatment purpose. Attentions were paid to promoteqi circulation. The psychological characteristics of the rehabilitation subject were especially emphasized on, in order to improve the therapeutic effect of rehabilitation. There were many classifications of physical evaluations, which were widely used in a variety of clinical diseases rehabilitation. The pathological physique correction and adjustment cannot be ignored in rehabilitation. Therefore, the application of physical evaluation in the guidance of rehabilitation therapy can enrich the content of TCM rehabilitation evaluation. It further improved TCM physical evaluation system to meet the needs for clinical practice and TCM modernization.

The Clinical Study of Acute Mastitis Patients’Constitutional Types of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 浙江中医药大学学报

Objective]Through judging the constitutional types of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) of acute mastitis patients, do statistics and analysis of the distribution of the acute mastitis patients’constitutional types of TCM, and study their laws, in order to provide guiding basis of constitutional theory of TCM for preventing and early treating mastitis. [Method] By means of questionnaire method, judge the constitutional types of TCM of 77 acute mastitis patients according to the classification and judgment of constitution of TCM ,and analyze the results by statistical methods. [Results] The number of the constitutional types of TCM of 77 acute mastitis patients from high to low is as follows: dampness-heat constitution is 65 cases, energy-stagnant constitution is 52 cases, yang-deficiency constitution is 51 cases, qi-deficiency constitution is 37 cases, yin-deficiency constitution is 34 cases, phlegm-dampness constitution is 32 cases, blood-stasis constitution is 29 cases, normal constitution is 12 cases, and special-natural constitution is 7 cases. Individuality constitution has 9 cases, two and three mixed constitution each has 12 cases, four and five mixed constitution each has 9 cases, six mixed constitution has 14 cases, seven mixed constitution has 11 cases, eight mixed constitution has 1 case. In the main constitutional types of TCM of 77 acute mastitis patients, dampness-heat constitution(54 cases, 70.13%) is most, followed by normal constitution(12 cases, 15.58%) and yang-deficiency constitution(5 cases, 6.49%). In the individuality constitution and two mixed constitution, the proportion of dampness-heat constitution(60 cases, 39.47%) is highest, and that of yang-deficiency constitution(34 cases, 22.37%) is also higher. This shows that: 1. Dampness-heat constitution is the most common constitutional type related with the occurrence of acute mastitis, and yang-deficiency constitution is the second. 2. The acute mastitis patients have a variety of constitutional types such as dampness-heat constitution, energy-stagnant constitution etc. Mixed constitution is common and complex. May be it is associated with the particular period of postpartum lactation period. [Conclusion] Constitution as internal factors of disease has an important influence on occurrence and development of acute mastitis. It has great meaning to adjust prejudiced constitutional types of TCM as dampness-heat constitution and yang-deficiency constitution for preventing and early treating acute mastitis. This reflects the TCM thought of“treat unoccurred disease”.

A educação física no âmbito do tratamento em saúde mental: um esforço coletivo e integrado / Physical education in mental health treatment: a collective and integrated project / L'éducation physique et le traitement en santé mentale: un effort collectif et integré / La educación física en el tratamiento de la salud mental: un esfuerzo colectivo e integrado

Este artigo analisa a Educação Física no processo de tratamento de doenças mentais, identificando as contribuições dessa prática profissional às terapias em saúde mental. Discute-se nesse estudo o papel da Educação Física enquanto atividade terapêutica auxiliar na diminuição da sintomatologia dessas doenças em função da aplicação de atividades físicas identificada em diversos estudos. Concluiu-se que a integração da Educação Física como ciência auxiliar à Psiquiatria tem se constituído um esforço interdisciplinar nos tratamentos de pacientes em sofrimento mental.

This article analyzes the use of physical education in treating mental illness by describing the contributions of this area to mental health therapies. Based on several studies, the authors discuss the benefits of physical education as a therapeutic aid in reducing the symptoms of psychic disorders. The conclusion is that physical education and science can be useful to psychiatry as part of interdisciplinary efforts in the treatment of patients with mental distress.

Cet article analyse le processus de l'éducation physique dans le traitement des maladies mentales en identifiant les apports de cette pratique professionnelle aux thérapies de la santé mentale. Nous discutons le rôle de l'éducation physique comme activité thérapeutique auxiliaire qui permet de réduire les symptômes de ces maladies à travers l'application d'activités physiques, identifié dans plusieurs études. Nous concluons que l'intégration de l'Éducation Physique comme support à la Psychiatrie représente un effort interdisciplinaire dans le traitement des patients souffrant de troubles mentaux.

En este artículo se analiza el proceso de la educación física en el tratamiento de las enfermedades mentales, identificando los aportes de esta práctica profesional en las terapias de salud mental. Se examina en este estudio el papel de la actividad de educación física como ayuda terapéutica en la reducción de los síntomas de estas enfermedades debido a la aplicación de las actividades físicas identificadas en varios estudios. Se concluyó que la integración de la educación física como ciencia auxiliar a la psiquiatría ha constituido un esfuerzo interdisciplinario en el tratamiento de pacientes con dificultades mentales.

Comportamiento de la cefalea post punción dural / The cefalea behaviour in dural post punction

Introducción: los síntomas subjetivos de la cefalea post punción lumbar se relacionan con los elementos neurales estimulados. Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento de la cefalea post punción dural en pacientes tratados con bloqueo espinal en los hospitales Lucía Íñiguez y Vladimir I Lenin. Métodos: estudio descriptivo y transversal en 80 pacientes de 16 a 60 años, tratados en cirugía con anestesia espinal en el servicio de anestesiología de los hospitales Lucia Iñiguez y Vladimir I Lenin entre noviembre de 2012 y abril de 2013, según estado físico: pacientes sanos y pacientes con enfermedades sistémicas compensadas. Se aplicó el método de chi cuadrado. Resultados: entre las edades de 16 ­ 30 años, predomina el grupo ASA I en la aparición de cefalea post punción dural con el 15 por ciento, la cefalea post punción dural apareció en el 10,0 por ciento de los pacientes donde se utilizó aguja número 22G, el 16,3 por ciento presentó cefalea post punción dural al movilizarse fuera de cama, en el 8,8 por ciento apareció la cefalea post punición dural en las primeras 24h de los pacientes estudiados y en el 7,5 por ciento, después de las 24h. Conclusiones: predominó el grupo de 16 a 30 años y género femenino. Según el estado físico, se presentó la cefalea con mayor frecuencia en pacientes sanos. La movilización temprana del paciente contribuye a disminuir la frecuencia de aparición de la cefalea(AU)

Introduction: The subjective symptoms of the headache post lumbar puncion are related with the elements stimulated neurals area. Objective: To determine the headache appearance post puncion dural in subjected patients to spinal blockade. Methods: A descriptive of prospective traverse court in 80 patients in the ages understood among 16 y 60 subjected to surgery with spinal anesthesia in the service of anesthesiology of the hospital Lucia Iñiguez Landin and Vladimir I Lenin between nobember 2012 and april 2013, king into account phisical state ASAI and ASAII. Results: Between 16-30 years old, predominantly ASA I group in the occurrence of post dural puncture headache with 15 percent post-dural puncture headache appeared in 10.0 percent of patients where number 22G needle was used, the 16.3 percent had post-dural puncture headache to move out of bed and post dural punishment appearing in the first 24 hours in 8.8 percent of the patients and headache in 7.5 percent appeared after 24h. Conclusions: The prevailed age group between 16 and 30 years and female gender. It is better to use spinal needle of the fine caliber in young patients and to consider that the early mobilization of the patient contributes to diminish the frequency of the appearance of the cefalea(AU)

Artrosis y actividad física / Arthrose et activité physique / Arthrosis and physical activity

La artrosis es una de las principales causas de dolor y discapacidad en el mundo y afecta principalmente a las articulaciones de la rodilla, cadera y mano. La influencia de la actividad física en el desarrollo y progresión de la artrosis es controversial. En general, parece no tener un efecto perjudicial sobre la rodilla y la cadera, y por el contrario, beneficia la salud articular. Factores de riesgo, como la obesidad y el trauma previo sí provocan efectos nocivos. La mayoría de los expertos recomienda las medidas no farmacológicas para el tratamiento de la artrosis de rodilla y cadera, entre estas: ejercicios aeróbicos, de fuerza, acuáticos; y la fisioterapia para la mejoría del funcionamiento físico, de la discapacidad y el dolor. Falta determinar con mayor precisión la prescripción ideal del ejercicio para obtener sus efectos en estos pacientes y poder optimizar el manejo individualizado. La adherencia es fundamental para obtener los beneficios de cualquier tipo de ejercicio a corto y largo plazo y se debe evaluar mínimo las preferencias y barreras para su ejecución. Este artículo revisa fundamentalmente los efectos de la actividad física y el ejercicio en el desarrollo, progresión y tratamiento de la artrosis de rodilla y cadera(AU)

Osteoarthritis is one of the main causes of pain and disability worldwide and fundamentally affects the knee, the hip and the hand joints. The influence of physical activity in the development and progression of osteoarthritis is controversial. Generally speaking, it seems that it does not have harmful effects in the knee and the hip; it rather benefits the joint health. Risk factors such as obesity and previous trauma do have harmful effects. The majority of experts recommend the non-pharmacological measures for the treatment of knee and hip osteoarthritis such as aerobics, strengthening, aquatic exercises, and physical therapy for improved physical functioning, reduction of disability and pain relief. It is necessary to determine more accurately the ideal prescription of exercises for the patients to obtain the best effects and to optimize the personalized management. The adherence to exercising is important to achieve at short and at long term the best benefits from any type of exercises, and the preferences for performing them and the barriers to do it should be evaluated. This article reviewed the general effects of exercising and of physical activity in the development, progression and treatment of knee and hip osteoarthritis(AU)

L'arthrose est l'une des principales causes de douleur et de handicap, affectant notamment les articulations du genou, de la hanche et des mains. L'influence de l'activité physique sur le développement et la progression de l'arthrose est un sujet encore polémique. Généralement, elle ne semble pas avoir un effet nocif sur le genou et la hanche, elle rapporte au contraire un bénéfice pour la santé des articulations; quelques facteurs de risque tels que l'obésité et le traumatisme préalable provoquent un effet nocif majeur. La plupart des experts recommandent des mesures non pharmacologiques pour traiter l'arthrose de genou et de hanche, telles que des exercices aérobics, de force, aquatiques, et basés sur la kinésithérapie, afin d'améliorer le fonctionnement physique et de soulager les handicaps et la douleur. Il faut définir avec beaucoup plus de précision quelle est la prescription idéale des exercices, afin d'obtenir les meilleurs résultats chez ces patients et d'optimiser la prise en charge personnalisée. C'est essentiel de suivre le traitement pour atteindre les bénéfices de chaque exercice à court et à long terme, et une évaluation minimale des préférences et des obstacles doit être réalisée pour sa mise en exécution. Cet article met en examen les effets de l'activité physique et de l'exercice sur le développement, la progression et le traitement de l'arthrose de genou et de hanche(AU)

The Effect of Decreased Energy Intake under Hot Summer on Physique and Energy Expenditure in High School Baseball Players / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

Background & Objectives: Generally, food intake of athletes decrease under hot summer and, therefore, it would affect on their physiques and the athletic power (competition). The present study investigated the effect of decreased energy intake on athletes’ physique, energy expenditure and/or thyroid hormones. Methods: Forty two males of high school baseball team in Hokuriku area, Japan, participated in this study. The nutrition survey and physical measurements were performed, and total energy expenditure (TEE) from activity records were estimated in April, July, and December. Energy balance was determined from energy intake and TEE. Furthermore, the resting energy metabolism (REE) was measured by the expired gas analysis. Thyroid hormones were assayed respectively T3, FT3, and FT4. Results: Seventy percent of baseball players showed reduction of energy intake in summer. We, accurately, recognized that one can see two groups, i,e., a group that energy intake was decreased in summer (LA) and another was not decreased in the same summer (HA). Many subjects showed decrease of energy intake but their TEE was rather increased in summer. The energy balance of LA group was largely negative, but that of HA group was slightly negative. In LA group, body weight, BMI, and MAC (midarm circumference) were significantly decreased by 2∼4% in summer than that in spring, while the decrease of physical measurements is 1∼2% in HA group. Thus, a large negative energy balance affected the physique negatively. From energy composition of diet, it seems that LA group had high carbohydrate energy diet and HA group had high fat diet. There was a significant positive correlation between the energy intake and each of the nutrient intakes. The REE was significantly decreased in summer and thus it seems to be related with energy intake. FT3 and T3 were not changed in summer but were in winter, and it looks to be slightly related with REE. Conclusion: Decrease of energy intake in summer indicated a large negative effect on physique such as body weight, MAC. The decrease of energy intake in summer seems to be related with reduction of REE.